Sougb, or Sogh, is a Papuan language of the East Bird's Head language family spoken in the east of the Bird's Head Peninsula to the east of Meyah and to the south of Manokwari, including the area of Soug Jaya District, Teluk Wondama Regency. It consists of four dialects and is spoken by around 12,000 people in all. The language is alternatively known as Mantion, or Manikion, an originally derogatory term used by the Biak people.[2]
| Sougb | |
|---|---|
| Manikion | |
| Sougb | |
| Region | Soug Jaya District, Teluk Wondama Regency, West Papua |
Native speakers | (12,000 cited 1987)[1] |
West Papuan?
| |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | mnx |
| Glottolog | mani1235 |
  Sougb  Sougb | |
| Coordinates: 1°30′S 133°57′E / 1.50°S 133.95°E | |
Distribution
editLocations:[3]
- Pegunungan Arfak Regency
- Anggi District
- Manokwari Regency
- Manokwari Barat District (in Ayambori village) and Warmare District
- Manokwari Selatan Regency
- Dataran Isim District: Tubes and Duhugesa villages
- Manokwari Selatan Regency (Bohon dialect)
- Tahota District: Seimeba village
- Teluk Bintuni Regency (Raw dialect)
- Manimeri District: Atibo, Pasamai, and Botai villages
- Bintuni District: Bintuni village
- Teluk Wondama Regency (Wepu dialect)
- Sougb Jaya District: Kaprus, Siresi, Yarmatum, Reyob, and Nuspairo villages
- Rumberpon District: Iseren and Watitindau villages
Phonology
editConsonants
edit| Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| plain | labialized | ||||||
| Plosive | voiceless | (p) | (t) | c | k | ||
| voiced | b | d | ɟ | ɡ | ɡʷ | ||
| Fricative | ɸ | s | h | ||||
| Nasal | m | n | |||||
| Liquid | r ~ l | ||||||
| Approximant | (w) | (j) | |||||
- Stops /b, d/ are always voiced in word-initial and intervocalic positions, but are heard as voiceless [p, t] when in word-final positions.
- The lateral and trill sounds /l, r/ are only heard interchangeably, freely among speech.
- Glides [j, w] are heard as a result of /i, u/ within vowel sequences (such as /ei, ou, ai, au/).
- /ɡʷ/ is written as gb, and normally heard as [ɡʷ̚]. But it may also be heard as [ɡʷ], [ɡ͡bʷ], or [ɣʷ] when in intervocalic positions.
- /n/ can be heard as a palatal [ɲ] when following /i/, and as a velar [ŋ] when preceding a velar stop.
- /h/ can be heard as [x] when in word-final position.
- /ɡ/ can also be heard as a voiced fricative [ɣ] in intervocalic positions.[4]
Vowels
edit| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| High | i | u | |
| Mid | ɛ | ɔ | |
| Low | a |
References
edit- ^ Sougb at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
- ^ Berry, Christine; Berry, Keith (1999). A description of Abun: a west Papuan language of Irian Jaya. Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, Australian National University. p. 2. ISBN 0-85883-482-0.
- ^ Ronsumbre, Adolof (2020). Ensiklopedia Suku Bangsa di Provinsi Papua Barat. Yogyakarta: Penerbit Kepel Press. ISBN 978-602-356-318-0.
- ^ a b Reesink, Ger P. (2002). A Grammar Sketch of Sougb. In Ger P. Reesink (ed.), Languages of the Eastern Bird's Head: Canberra: Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, Australian National University. pp. 181–276.
External links
edit- Materials on Sougb are included in the open access Arthur Capell (AC1) and Bert Voorhoeve (CLV1) collections held by Paradisec.
- Reesink, Ger P. (2002). "A Grammar Sketch of Sougb". In Ger P. Reesink (ed.). Languages of the Eastern Bird's Head. Pacific Linguistics. Vol. 524. Canberra: Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, Australian National University. pp. 181–276. hdl:1885/146144.