Wichí Lhamtés Nocten, or Weenhayek, is a Wichí language primarily spoken in Bolivia, where an estimated 1,810 Wichí people spoke it in 1994. An additional one hundred people spoke the language in Argentina in 1994. In Bolivia, the language is spoken in the north-central Tarija Department, southwest of Pilcomayo River, and in Cordillera de Pirapo. In Argentina, it is spoken in from the northern border south to Tartagal, Salta. The language is also called Mataco, Bolivian, Mataco Nocten, Nocten, Noctenes, Oktenai, and Weenhayek; the last name is used in the Bolivian constitution of 2009.[2]
| Wichí Lhamtés Nocten | |
|---|---|
| Weenhayek | |
| Native to | Bolivia, Argentina |
| Region | Tarija Department (Bolivia), Salta Province (Argentina) |
| Ethnicity | Wichí |
Native speakers | (1,900 cited 1994)[1] |
Matacoan
| |
| Official status | |
Official language in |  Bolivia |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | mtp |
| Glottolog | wich1262 |
| ELP | Wichí (shared) |
Phonology
edit| Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Glottal | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| central | lateral | plain | labial | pal. | ||||||
| Plosive | p | t | kʷ | kʲ | q | ʔ | ||||
| Affricate | ts | |||||||||
| Fricative | s | x | xʷ | h | ||||||
| Nasal | voiced | m | n | |||||||
| voiceless | m̥ | n̥ | ||||||||
| Lateral | voiced | l | ||||||||
| fricative | ɬ | |||||||||
| Approximant | voiced | j | w | |||||||
| voiceless | j̊ | w̥ | ||||||||
- /kʲ/ may be heard as an affricate sound [tʃ] in some dialects.
- Sounds /p, t, kʲ, kʷ, q, ts/ may also be heard as aspirated [pʰ, tʰ, kʲʰ, kʷʰ, qʰ, tsʰ] when preceding /h/, or as glottalized [pʼ, tʼ, kʲʼ, kʷʼ, qʼ, tsʼ] when preceding /ʔ/.
- Sounds /m, n, l, j, w/ within the position of /ʔ/ are also glottalized as [ʼm, ʼn, ʼl, ʼj, ʼw].[3]
| Front | Back | |
|---|---|---|
| Close | i | u |
| Mid | e | o |
| Open | a | ɑ |
See also
editNotes
edit- ^ Wichí Lhamtés Nocten at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
- ^ "Wichí Lhamtés Nocten." Ethnologue. Retrieved 30 Jan 2012.
- ^ Claesson, Kenneth (1994). A Phonological Outline of Mataco-Noctenes. International Journal of American Linguistics 60, no. 1: The University of Chicago Press. pp. 1–38.
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