Orokaiva is a Papuan language spoken in the "tail" of Papua New Guinea.
| Orokaiva | |
|---|---|
| Orokaivic | |
| Native to | Papua New Guinea |
| Region | Oro Province |
| Ethnicity | Orokaiva |
Native speakers | 47,000 (2000 census – 2007)[1] |
Trans–New Guinea
| |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | Variously:okv – Orokaivahkk – Hunjaraaez – Aeka |
| Glottolog | orok1268 |
| IETF | okv[2] |
Varieties
editOrokaiva is spoken in 200 villages around Popondetta in Oro Province.
Hunjara is spoken in Kokoda Rural LLG of Oro Province.
Aeka is spoken in Tamata Rural LLG of Oro Province.[1]
Phonology
editConsonants
edit| Labial | Alveolar | Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | n | ŋ | ||
| Plosive | voiceless | p | t | k | |
| voiced | b | d | ɡ | ||
| Affricate | d͡z | ||||
| Fricative | s | h | |||
- Voiced stops /b, d, ɡ/ may fluctuate to prenasalized stop sounds [ᵐb, ⁿd, ᵑɡ] in word-initial position. The prenasalized stop sounds are also heard among the voiced stops when in post-nasal sequences.
- /b/ can be heard as [β] in intervocalic positions, and may also be heard as a voiced bilabial rounded fricative [β̹] when before /a/ in intervocalic positions..
- /d/ may occur as flap sounds [ɾ, ɽ, ɺ] in free fluctuation in word-medial positions, except when after a nasal sound.
- /d͡z/ may have fluctuating allophones of [d͡ʒ, ʒ] occurring in syllable-initial positions.
- Word-final nasal sounds /-n, -ŋ/ when after a vowel, may result in vowel nasalization [Ṽ].
Vowels
edit| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| High | i | u | |
| Mid | e | o | |
| Low | a |
- Sounds [i, u, a] can have allophones [ɪ, ʊ, ʌ].
References
edit- ^ a b Orokaiva at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
Hunjara at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
Aeka at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required) - ^ "Orokaiva". IANA language subtag registry. 29 July 2009. Retrieved 8 February 2019.
- Larsen, Robert E. & Marlys Larsen. 1977. Orokaiva phonology and orthography. In Richard Loving (ed.), Phonologies of five P.N.G. languages, 5-28. Ukarumpa: Summer Institute of Linguistics.
External links
edit- Humotepain-Ari te Giu, Prayers and Offices in Orokaiva (1953) Digitized by Richard Mammana
- "Orokaiva Phonology and Orthography" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2018-07-10. Retrieved 2018-07-10.
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