Yugh (/ˈjuːɡ/ YOOG; Yug) is a Yeniseian language, closely related to Ket, formerly spoken by the Yugh people, one of the southern groups along the Yenisei River in central Siberia.[5] It went extinct by 1972.[1] It was once regarded as a dialect of the Ket language, which was considered to be a language isolate, and was therefore called Sym Ket or Southern Ket; however, the Ket considered it to be a distinct language. By the early 1990s there were only two or three nonfluent speakers remaining,[2] and the language was virtually extinct. The 2002 census recorded 19 ethnic Yugh in all of Russia.[6] In the 2010 census, only one ethnic Yugh was counted, also stating their proficiency in Yugh,[7] while in the 2020 census, 7 ethnic Yugh were counted,[8] 2 of them stating that they were speakers of Yugh.[4]
| Yugh | |
|---|---|
| Sym Ket | |
| Дьук Ďuk | |
| Pronunciation | [ɟuk] |
| Native to | Russia |
| Region | Yenisei River |
| Ethnicity | 7 Yughs (2020) |
| Extinct | 1972[1] 2-3 nonfluent speakers (1991)[2][3] 3 (2020)[4] |
Dené–Yeniseian?
| |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | Either:yug – Yugyuu – Yugh (deprecated) |
yug | |
| Glottolog | yugh1239yugh1240 additional bibliography |
| ELP | Yug |
 Map of pre-contact Yeniseian languages. | |
 Yug is classified as Extinct by the UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger (2010) | |
Phonology
editVowels
edit| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i [i] | ɨ [ɨ] | u [u] |
| Close-mid | e [e] | ə [ə] | o [o] |
| Open-mid | ɛ [ɛ] | ʌ [ʌ] | ɔ [ɔ] |
| Open | a [a] |
Consonants
edit| Labial | Dental | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Laryngeal/ Pharyngeal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plosive | voiceless | p [p] | t [t] | tʼ [tʲ] | k [k] | (q [q]) | ʔ [ʔ] |
| voiced | b [b] | d [d] | dʼ [dʲ] | g [g] | |||
| Fricative | voiceless | f [f] | s [s]/š [ʃ]/šʼ [ʃʲ] | χ [χ] | |||
| voiced | (v [v]) | z [z]/ž [ʒ]/žʼ [ʒʲ] | j [j] | [ɣ] | (R [ʁ]) | ||
| Affricate | (c [t͡s]) | čʼ [t͡ʃ] | |||||
| Nasal | m [m] | n [n] | nʼ [nʲ] | ŋ [ŋ] | |||
| Trill | [r] | ||||||
| Lateral | l [l]/lʼ [lʲ] | ||||||
Notes
edit- ^ a b Vajda, Edward (2024-02-19), Vajda, Edward (ed.), "8 The Yeniseian language family", The Languages and Linguistics of Northern Asia, De Gruyter, pp. 365–480, doi:10.1515/9783110556216-008, ISBN 978-3-11-055621-6, retrieved 2024-06-26
- ^ a b Yugh language at Ethnologue (15th ed., 2005)
- ^ Kibrik, Aleksandr E. (March 1991). "The Problem of Endangered Languages in the USSR". Diogenes. 39 (153): 67–83. doi:10.1177/039219219103915305. ISSN 0392-1921.
- ^ a b Том 5. «Национальный состав и владение языками». Таблица 7. Население наиболее многочисленных национальностей по родному языку
- ^ Vajda, Edward J. "The Ket and Other Yeniseian Peoples". Archived from the original on 2019-04-06. Retrieved 2006-10-27.
- ^ 2002 Russian census data
- ^ 2010 Russian census data
- ^ Том 5. «Национальный состав и владение языками». Таблица 1. Национальный состав населения
- ^ a b Werner, Heinrich (1997). Das Jugische (sym-ketische). Veröffentlichungen der societa uralo-altaica. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz. ISBN 978-3-447-03999-4.
References
edit- Vajda, Edward J. (2002). Yeniseian Peoples and Languages: A History of Yeniseian Studies with an Annotated Bibliography and a Source Guide. Curzon Press. ISBN 0-7007-1290-9.
External links
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