Ijlil al-Qibliyya, also al-Jalil, was a Palestinian Arab village in the Jaffa Subdistrict. It was depopulated during the 1947–1948 Civil War in Mandatory Palestine on April 3, 1948.
Ijlil al-Qibliyya
إجليل القبلية Jalil al-Qibliyya[1] | |
|---|---|
 Remains of Ijlil al-Qibliyya, in 2010 | |
| Etymology: El Jelil, meaning "illustrious/grand" (Ar), or "a district/circuit"(He)[2] | |
.jpg) 1870s map .jpg) 1940s map.jpg) modern map .jpg) 1940s with modern overlay mapA series of historical maps of the area around Ijlil al-Qibliyya (click the buttons) | |
  Ijlil al-Qibliyya Location within Mandatory Palestine | |
| Coordinates: 32°09′36″N 34°48′42″E / 32.16000°N 34.81167°E | |
| Palestine grid | 132/174 |
| Geopolitical entity | Mandatory Palestine |
| Subdistrict | Jaffa |
| Date of depopulation | End of March- April 3, 1948[5] |
| Area | |
• Total | 8,692 dunams (8.692 km2 or 3.356 sq mi) |
| Population (1945) | |
• Total | 470[3][1][4] |
| Cause(s) of depopulation | Fear of being caught up in the fighting |
In 1945 the village has a population of 680, 210 of which were Jewish. Ijlil al-Qibliya was named after al-Shaykh Salih 'Abd al-Jalil, whose maqam was located in the village.
Location
editIjlil al-Qibliyya, (meaning "Southern Ijlil"), was located on a hilltop, 13 km (8 mi) northeast of Jaffa, and about 100 meters southwest of its sister village, Ijlil al-Shamaliyya ("Northern Jilil").[1]
History
editIjlil was one of four Ottoman-era villages founded near the coast north of the Yarkon River (along with the villages of Al-Shaykh Muwannis, Al-Haram, and Umm Khalid). According to historian Roy Marom, the establishment of Ijlil "demonstrates that the expansion of settlement in the southern Sharon was the result of the internal expansion of the core settlement by residents of the mountainous highlands of Samaria, and not by Egyptian ‘penetrators’ as previously claimed."[6]
In June 1870, the French explorer Victor Guérin visited both villages. He described them as one village, called Edjlil, situated on a hill and divided into two districts. Together, they had 380 inhabitants. The houses were built of rammed earth or with different small aggregates mixed in with kneaded and dried silt.[7] In 1870/1871 (1288 AH), an Ottoman census listed Ijlil in the nahiya (sub-district) of Bani Sa'b.[8]
In 1882, the PEF's Survey of Western Palestine described the two villages, named El Jelil, as "a mud village, with a well to the south and a second to the north. [..] A small olive-grove exists to the south-east."[9]
British Mandate era
editIn the 1922 census of Palestine conducted in 1922 by the British Mandate authorities, the two Ijlil villages (spelled Jelil) had a population of 154 Muslims,[10] increasing in the 1931 census to a population of 305, still all Muslim.[11]
In 1943, a kibbutz named Glil Yam was established on land purchased from the village by the Jewish National Fund. In the 1945 statistics the population of Ijlil al-Qibliyya was 470 Muslims and 210 Jews, with 8,692 dunams of land owned by Muslims and 5,980 by Jews, according to an official land and population survey.[3][4] Of the Muslim owned land, 923 dunams were for citrus and bananas, 85 for plantations and irrigable land, 7,087 for cereals,[12] while 6 dunams were built-up land.[13][14] The kibbutz also owned 521 dunums in of the neighboring Ijlil al-Shamaliyya.[3]
In the archive of the city of Herzliya, it is possible to find evidences to the close relationship with Ijlil, such as a greeting letter that was sent to Hajj Akhsein Al-Assi of Ijlil.[15]
1948, and aftermath
editIn December 1947 and January 1948 the leaders of al-Shaykh Muwannis, Al-Mas'udiyya, Al-Jammasin al-Sharqi/Al-Jammasin al-Gharbi, and the mukhtars of 'Arab Abu Kishk and the two Ijlil-villages met with Haganah representatives in Petah Tikva. These villages wanted peace, and promised not to harbor any Arab Liberation Armies or local Arab Militia. They further promised that, in the case they were not able to keep them out alone, they were to call on Haganah for help.[16]
By mid-March 1948, the Alexandroni Brigade had imposed isolation, a "quarantine", of al-Shaykh Muwannis, 'Arab Abu Kishk and the two Ijlil-villages. However, on 12 March Lehi kidnapped 5 village notables from al-Shaykh Muwannis.[17] This completely undermined the villagers trust in former agreements, and many left. The people of the two Jalil villages also left, after asking Jewish neighbours to look after their property.[18]
From 26 May 1948, the abandoned villages housed a POW camp;[19] after the end of the war, it was converted to a ma'abara named Glilot after the two former villages.[20] The ma'abara was incorporated into Herzliya from 1954, and finally dismantled in 1960. The former ma'abara gave its name to two junctions on Highway 5, to the IDF base housing Unit 8200, and to the shopping mall located at West Glilot junction.
The Palestinian historian Walid Khalidi described the village site in 1992: "The site serves as a garbage dump and the original village can hardly be identified. On the thin swath of the hill that has not yet been covered with waste, remnants of stone houses stand next to a gasoline storage tank, along with bushes and cactuses. Approximately 100m east of the tank a deserted house stands next to the remains of a razed building."[14]
In 2004, the group Zochrot conducted tours of the two Ijlil villages. Testimony of former residents was conducted.[21]
Notes
edit- ^ a b c Khalidi, 1992, p. 241
- ^ Palmer, 1881, p. 214
- ^ a b c Department of Statistics, 1945, p. 27
- ^ a b c Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 52
- ^ Morris, 2004, p. xviii village #196. Also gives cause of depopulation
- ^ Roy Marom, “Al-Sheikh Muwannis: Transformations in the Arab Countryside between the Mountainous Interior and the City of Jaffa, 1750-1848,” Cathedra 183 (February 2023), pp. 9-34.
- ^ Guérin, 1875, p. 374
- ^ Grossman, David (2004). Arab Demography and Early Jewish Settlement in Palestine. Jerusalem: Magnes Press. p. 255.
- ^ Conder and Kitchener, 1882, SWP II, p. 251
- ^ Barron, 1923, Table VII, Sub-district of Jaffa, p. 20
- ^ Mills, 1932, p. 13
- ^ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 95
- ^ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 145
- ^ a b Khalidi, 1992, p.242
- ^ The blessing of the local council to the Mukhtar. The Herzliya Archive, 1-1/2/25, section 1: "My dear and honorable friend Hajj Akhsein Al-Assi, On behalf of myself and of all the citizens of the settlement of Herzliya, I bless you, your sons and all of your honorable and dear family in your day of happiness – the marriage of your honorable and eminent young son Hajj Mahmud… I bless you as the head of Herzliya and also as a loyal and devoted friend who is connected in connections of brotherhood and deep friendship with the honorable Hajj Akhsein Al-Assi since the establishment of Herzliya. I wish to express here my hope that this friendship would continue and become stronger, and would go by from fathers to sons, and from sons to grandsons…".
- ^ Morris, 2004, p. 91
- ^ Morris, 2004, p. 127
- ^ Morris, 2004, p. 128
- ^ Alon Kadish, ed. (2004), מלחמת העצמאות תש"ח תש"ט - דיון מחודש [Renewed Debate on the War of Independence (1947-1949)], Ministry of Defense (Israel), p. 569
- ^ Zev Vilnay (1956), "Glilot", אנציקלופדיה לידיעת הארץ [Encyclopedia for Knowledge of Land of Israel], Yedioth Ahronoth, p. 241
- ^ Ibrahim Abu-Sneineh, Ijlil, Testimony collected in preparation for Zochrot's tour and booklet of Ijlil, January 30, 2004, and Mahmoud Abu-Sneineh, Ijlil, Testimony collected in preparation for Zochrot's tour and booklet of Ijlil, March 20, 2004.
References
edit- Barron, J.B., ed. (1923). Palestine: Report and General Abstracts of the Census of 1922. Government of Palestine.
- Clermont-Ganneau, C.S. (1895). Études d'archéologie orientale (in French). Paris: E. Bouillon. (pp. 192−196: "Les Trois−Ponts, Jorgilia")
- Conder, C.R.; Kitchener, H.H. (1882). The Survey of Western Palestine: Memoirs of the Topography, Orography, Hydrography, and Archaeology. Vol. 2. London: Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund.
- Department of Statistics (1945). Village Statistics, April, 1945. Government of Palestine.
- Guérin, V. (1875). Description Géographique Historique et Archéologique de la Palestine. Vol 2 Samarie, pt. 2. Paris, Imprimé par autorisation de l'empereur à l'Impr. impériale.
- Hadawi, S. (1970). Village Statistics of 1945: A Classification of Land and Area ownership in Palestine. Palestine Liberation Organization Research Center.
- Khalidi, W. (1992). All That Remains: The Palestinian Villages Occupied and Depopulated by Israel in 1948. Washington D.C.: Institute for Palestine Studies. ISBN 0-88728-224-5.
- Mills, E., ed. (1932). Census of Palestine 1931. Population of Villages, Towns and Administrative Areas. Jerusalem: Government of Palestine.
- Morris, B. (2004). The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem Revisited. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-00967-6.
- Palmer, E.H. (1881). The Survey of Western Palestine: Arabic and English Name Lists Collected During the Survey by Lieutenants Conder and Kitchener, R. E. Transliterated and Explained by E.H. Palmer. Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund.
External links
edit- Welcome To Ijlil al-Qibliyya
- Survey of Western Palestine, Map 13: IAA, Wikimedia commons
- Ijlil Qibliyya, from Zochrot
- Ijlil, 20.3.04, from Zochrot
- Remembering Ijlil, Ijlil Booklet, 03/2004
- Ijlil al-Qibliyya from the Khalil Sakakini Cultural Center
