Ikuo Oyama (大山 郁夫, Ōyama Ikuo) (20 September 1880 – 30 November 1955) was a Japanese academic, politician, political scientist and writer.
Ikuo Oyama | |
|---|---|
大山 郁夫 | |
 | |
| Member of the House of Councillors | |
| In office 1951–1955 | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Ikuo Oyama 20 September 1880 Hyōgo, Kansai, Japan |
| Died | 30 November 1955 |
| Cause of death | Subdural hematoma |
| Alma mater | |
| Occupation |
|
| Awards | Stalin Peace Prize (1951) |
Life in Prewar Japan
editIkuo Oyama was born on September 20 1880. He graduated from Waseda University in 1905. After studying at the Chicago University and Munchen University (Ludwig-Maximilians Universitat Munchen), he became a professor of Waseda University in 1915. In 1926, he became chairman of the Labour-Farmer Party.[1]
In 1928, the Labour-Farmer Party was banned due to accusations of having links to communism.[2] The same year in 1928 the Communist International had denounced Oyama as a "social democrat and a handmaiden of the capitalist imperialists.". By the time Oyama had founded the Labor Farmer Party in 1928 he had severed all connection with the Communist Party.[3]
Yamamoto Senji, a colleague of Oyama, was assassinated on the same day as he had presented testimony in the Japanese Diet regarding torture of prisoners.[4]
Life in the United States
editOyama went to live in the United States in 1932.<name name=NDL /> By 1945 he was doing research and teaching at Northwestern University under the patronage of American Japanese specialist Kenneth Colegrove.[3] Ikuo Oyama would serve as Colegrove's assistant for research of Japanese Political Science in Northwestern University.[5] In 1947, Colegrove would denounce Ikuo Oyama after Oyama began to advocate a common front between Socialists and Communists against the Japanese government and GHQ.[6]
During his time in the United States he worked closely with the US Government.[4] In 1945 John K. Emmerson approached Oyama to discuss the former Labor Farmer Party politician's role in postwar Japan.[3]
According to Emmerson, Oyama was against the removal of the Emperor by the Allied powers but was confident that the Japanese themselves would reform the imperial institution. In addition, Oyama hoped that the Japanese constitution would be revised to establish a genuine party government and guarantee the freedom of speech and press.[3]
By 1945 Oyama had been receiving letters from Japanese anti-war activists Nosaka Sanzo, and Kaji Wataru that requested for Oyama to assume leadership of an "international organization of Japanese". However Oyama was hesitant to openly endorse such a group for fear of endangering the lives of his followers back in Japan.[3]
In a banquet held in his honor in Honolulu following the Surrender of Japan, Oyama revealed that the US government requested he return to Japan as a "sort of" representative of the US. Oyama refused, instead stating that he wanted to return to Japan as an independent person and participate in the democratic reconstruction of Japan.[4]
Life in Postwar Japan
editHe returned to Japan after the end of World War II. He was elected as a member of the House of Councillors in 1951. Oyama happily shook hands with Zhou Enlai, even though Japan and the People's Republic of China did not have diplomatic relations during his lifetime. Oyama was given a Stalin Award prize on December 20, 1951. However, his colleagues begged him not to accept the award for fear that he would become a Soviet puppet. Some of his oldest friends abandoned him when he accepted it.[2]
During the Occupation of Japan, Oyama was arrested for criticizing the Occupation. One week after his arrest, he attended a rally led by Japanese Communist Party member Tokuda Kyuichi. In addition, Oyama was critical of the Yoshida Government, accusing the Yoshida Government of trying to oust Democratic Teachers from Universities.[7]
Ikuo Oyama died of a subdural hematoma during his tenure in 1955.[2]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ "OYAMA Ikuo". NDL. Retrieved 2024-10-31.
- ^ a b c Hoover, William D. Historical Dictionary of Postwar Japan. p. 245. ISBN 9781538111550.
- ^ a b c d e John K Emmerson (1978). The Japanese Thread: A life in the U.S. Foreign Service. Holt, Rinehart and Winston. pp. 225–227. ISBN 9780030416460.
- ^ a b c Koji Ariyoshi (2020). From Kona to Yen'an: The Political Memoirs of Koji Ariyoshi. Honolulu, HI: U of Hawaii Press. p. 241. ISBN 9780030416460.
- ^ "JACAR Newsletter Number 20". JACAR. 2016-07-28. Retrieved 2024-10-31.
- ^ Khadga K.C. Kenneth Colegrove's Outlook Towards Japan. International Journal of East Asian Studies. p. 44. doi:10.22452/IJEAS.vol2no1.4.
- ^ "GHQ/SCAP Records (RG 331) Description of contents" (PDF). The National Archives of the United States. Retrieved 2024-10-30.
Further reading
edit- Ariyoshi, Koji (2000). From Kona to Yenan: The Political Memoirs of Koji Ariyoshi. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. ISBN 9780824823764.
- John K Emmerson (1978). The Japanese Thread: A life in the U.S. Foreign Service. Holt, Rinehart and Winston. ISBN 9780030416460.
External links
edit- Oyama, Ikuo | Portraits of Modern Japanese Historical Figures at the National Diet Library
- "Sino - Japanese friendship urged". Tribune (Sydney). 1952-05-07. p. 9.
- Beech, Keyes (2 February 1952). "Proves Curse Stalin's Prize". The Evening Citizen. Ottawa, Canada. Retrieved 27 January 2014.
- "Chased Out Of Japan, He May Return To Help". The Milwaukee Journal. 10 October 1946. p. 4. Retrieved 3 August 2014.[permanent dead link]