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Ili Turki is an endangered[2] Turkic language spoken primarily in China, of the Karluk branch of Turkic. In 2007, it was reported that there were around 30 families using it in China. Speakers are shifting to Kazakh or Uyghur.
| Ili Turki | |
|---|---|
| İlı turkeşi И̇лı туркес̧и ي̇لي تۋركەسي | |
| Native to | Xinjiang, China; Kazakhstan |
| Ethnicity | Ili Turks |
Native speakers | 30 families (2007, China)[1] moribund in Kazakhstan |
Turkic
| |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | ili |
| Glottolog | ilit1241 |
| ELP | Ili Turki |
Geographic distribution
editIli Turki is spoken in China's Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture along the Ili River and its tributaries and in Yining. There may be some speakers in Kazakhstan. Ili Turki has no official status in either country.
Classification
editIli Turki appears to belong to the Karluk group of Turkic languages, although it exhibits a number of features that suggest a Kipchak substratum.[3][4]
A comparison of Ili Turki's Karluk and Kipchak features is shown below:
| Kazakh (Kipchak) | Ili Turki | Uzbek (Karluk) | English | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| *G > w after low vowels | taw | taw | tɒɣ | mountain |
| Genitive assimilation | tyje+niŋ / et+tiŋ | tʉjæ+nin / et+tin | tʉjæ+niŋ / et+niŋ | of the camel / of the meat |
| *G > w > Ø after high vowels | sarɨ | sarɨq | sarɨq | yellow |
| Loss of geminate consonants | seɡiz | sekkiz | sækkiz | eight |
Phonology
editConsonants
edit| Bilabial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | n | ŋ | ||||
| Plosive | voiceless | p | t | tʃ | k | q | |
| voiced | b | d | dʒ | ɡ | |||
| Fricative | voiceless | s | ʃ | χ | h | ||
| voiced | z | ʁ | |||||
| Tap | ɾ | ||||||
| Approximant | l | j | w | ||||
Vowels
edit| Front | Central/Back | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| unrounded | rounded | ||
| Close | i | ɨ | ʉ |
| Mid | e | ɵ | |
| Open | æ | ɑ | |
Vocabulary
edit| No. | Ili Turki |
|---|---|
| 1 | bir |
| 2 | ekki |
| 3 | ʉtʃ |
| 4 | tɵrt |
| 5 | beʃ |
| 6 | altə |
| 7 | jetti |
| 8 | sekkiz |
| 9 | tɵqqʉz |
| 10 | ɵn |
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Ili Turki at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022)
- ^ Moseley, Christopher, ed. (2007). Encyclopedia of the World's Endangered Languages. London: Routledge.
- ^ Zhào, Xiāngrú; Hahn, Reinhard F. (1989). "The Ili Turk People and Their Language". Central Asiatic Journal. 33 (3/4): 261–285. JSTOR 41927706.
- ^ Hahn, Reinhard F. (1991). "An Annotated Sample of Ili Turki". Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae. 45 (1): 31–53. JSTOR 23658071.
