Iljaz Bej Mirahori (Turkish: İmrahorlu İlyas Bey) was an Ottoman Albanian military commander and governor, who served sultan Bayezid II.[1] He founded the town of Korçë in Albania in the 15th century,[2] participated in the Conquest of Constantinople and built the Monastery of St John the Studite there as a mosque.
Iljaz Bej Mirahori | |
|---|---|
| Born | 1408 |
| Died | 1511 |
| Citizenship | Ottoman-Albanian |
| Occupation(s) | Ottoman military commander, governor |
| Known for | Service to Mehmed II, founder of Korçë and the Mirahor Mosque |
| Relatives | His descendants are the Frashëri brothers, Abdul Frashëri, Naim Frashëri, Sami Frashëri and their mother Emine Hanim. |
Biography
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Iljaz was born in Panarit, Korçë District[3][4] and entered Janissary service probably during the reign of Murad II. He had three sons: Muhammed, Inebey and Sefershah.
He was one of the most loyal subjects of the young emperor Mehmet II, and dedicated his life to the service of the Emperor against Skanderbeg and his forces. In the year 1453, Iljaz Hoxha's role in the Siege of Constantinople earned him the title Mirahor (General of Cavalry). Later he received the Mirahor Evel title (Head General).[2] After the conquest he became the sanjak-bey of Korçë (now in Albania). Under the command of Mehmet II he founded and developed Korçë as both a cultural center and garrison city.[3] He constructed its first mosque, the Mirahori Mosque.[5]
The Frashëri brothers Abdul (1839-1892), Naim (1846-1900) and Sami (1850-1904) were descendants of Ilyas Bey through their mother Emine who was from Korçë.[6] Sami Frashëri in his publications wrote about his ancestor Ilyas Bey.[4] Sami Frashëri writes in his Kamus al-Alam:
Iljaz Koca Mirahor is one of the people of Ebul Fetih Sultan Mehmed Khan II and Sultan Bayezid. He is the great-grandfather of the humble writer [i.e. Sami Frashëri] from his mother's side, and founder of the city of Korça, in the vilayet of Manastir. Iljaz bey was a brave man from the village of Petarjet [i.e. Panarit] in the kaza of Përmet, vilayet of Yanina. In the expedition of Sultan Murad Khan II in the territories of Albania, he was taken to the service of the sultans. Accepted the honorable Islamic faith. By exercise and grade after grade, as in the time of the aforementioned sultan, as in the time of Sultan Mehmed II, he was prepared for the conquest of Constantinople. In the Yedikule neighborhood, with the permission of his Padishah, he turned a church into a mosque, today known as the Mosque of Mirahor, or the Mosque of the Church. Near it there is a dervish tekke. He was also made lala (councellor) of Sultan Bayezid Khan II. When he ascended to the throne, the aforementioned Sultan, he was made mirahor-i evvel (first stableman). After some time he retired and given a çiftlik in the village of Pitarjet - his place of birth - and some nearby villages. When he returned to his home country, bought and immediately ruined a beautiful monastery inside his çiftlik, and in its place built a mosque, an imaret han (soup kitchen), a madrasa and some other buildings, thus laying the foundations of the city of Korça. Then he went in the vilayet of Yanina, in other offices. His çiftliks he made into vaqf and authorised his male progeny to lead them. The aforementioned vaqf is now managed by the beys of Korça, his hereditaries. Of his two children, the first one Inebey (there is a mosque in the neighbourhood of Yeni Kapi connected with his name) was killed in the Bagdad front, and the other became mutevelli of the vaqf in Korça. Mirahor Iljaz bey was considered a pious and holy man. ... Iljaz bey died in 917 Hijri / 1511 and his turbe is to be found near the mosque of Korça.[7]
His türbe was destroyed by the Greek invading forces on 7 December 1912.[8]
References
edit- ^ Zindel et al. 2018, p. 378.
- ^ a b "The mosque of the founder of Korçë to be restored (Restaurohet xhamia e themeluesit të Korçës)". Vepror Hasani (in Albanian). Gazeta Metropol. 2008-11-06. Archived from the original on 2012-03-05. Retrieved 2010-03-27.
- ^ a b De Rapper, Gilles (2012). "The Vakëf: Sharing religious space in Albania". In Albera, Dionigi; Couroucli, Maria (eds.). Sharing Sacred Spaces in the Mediterranean: Christians, Muslims, and Jews at Shrines and Sanctuaries. Indiana University Press. p. 49. ISBN 9780253016904.
- ^ a b "Mytevelinj the beys who founded Korca (Mytevelinjtë - bejlerët që hodhën themelet e Korçës)". Raimonda Moisiu (in Albanian). www.osdir.com. Archived from the original on 2012-03-05. Retrieved 2010-03-25.
- ^ "Iljaz Bej Mirahori". Korça Municipality. Archived from the original on January 17, 2010. Retrieved 2010-03-25.
- ^ Gawrych, George (2006). The Crescent and the Eagle: Ottoman rule, Islam and the Albanians, 1874–1913. London: IB Tauris. p. 13. ISBN 9781845112875.
- ^ Alfred Frashëri, Neki Frashëri (10 March 2017). "Frashëri në Historinë ë Shqipërisë, p. 147-8".
- ^ Hasani, Vepror (31 August 2015). "Pa varr edhe themeluesi i qytetit të Korçës, Iljaz bej Mirahori; monument jo e jo!".
Bibliography
edit- Elsie, Robert (December 1, 2000). A Dictionary of Albanian Religion, Mythology, and Folk Culture. NYU Press. p. 109. ISBN 978-0814722145. Retrieved 2013-08-28.
- Zindel, Christian; Lippert, Andreas; Lahi, Bashkim; Kiel, Machiel (2018). Albanien: Ein Archäologie- und Kunstführer von der Steinzeit bis ins 19. Jahrhundert (in German). Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. ISBN 9783205200109.