An image organizer or image management application is application software for organising digital images.[1][2] It is a kind of desktop organizer software application.
Image organizer software focuses on handling large numbers of images. In contrast to an image viewer, an image organizer can edit image tags and can often upload files to on-line hosting pages. Enterprises may use Digital Asset Management (DAM) solutions to manage larger and broader amounts of digital media.
Some programs that come with desktop environments, such as gThumb (GNOME) and digiKam (KDE) were originally simple image viewers, and have evolved into image organizers.
Common image organizers features
edit- Multiple thumbnail previews are viewable on a single screen and printable on a single page. (Contact Sheet)
- Images can be organized into albums
- Albums can be organized into collections
- User roles and permissions enable controlled access to certain images while preventing access to others.
- Adding tags (also known as keywords, categories, labels or flags). Tags can be stored externally, or in industry-standard IPTC or XMP headers inside each image file or in sidecar files.[3]
- Share: Resizing, exporting, e-mailing and printing.
Not so common, or differentiating features
edit- Pictures can be organized by one or more mechanisms
- Images can be organized into folders, which may correspond to file-system folders.
- Images may be organized into albums, which may be distinct from folders or file-system folders.
- Albums may be organized into collections, which may not be the same as a folder hierarchy.
- Grouping or sorting by date, location, and special photographic metadata such as exposure or f-stops if that information is available. See Exif for example.
- Images can appear in more than one album
- Albums can appear in more than one collection
- Grouped or stacking of images within an album, by date, time, and linking copies to originals.
- Adding and editing titles and captions
- Simple or sophisticated search engines to find photos
- Searching by keywords, caption text, metadata, dates, location or title
- Searching with logical operators and fields, such as "(Title contains birthday) and (keywords contain cake) not (date before 2007)"
- Separate backing up and exporting of metadata associated with photos.
- Retouching of images (either destructively or non-destructively)
- Editing images in third-party graphical software and then re-incorporating them into the album automatically
- Stitching to knit together panoramic or tiled photos
- Grouping of images to form a slideshow view
- Exporting of slideshows as HTML or Flash presentations for web deployment
- Synchronizing of albums with web-based counterparts, either third-party (such as Flickr), or application specific (such as Lightroom or Phase One Media Pro).
- Retention of Exif, IPTC and XMP metadata already embedded in the image file itself
Two categories of image organizers
edit- Automatic image organizers. These are software packages that read data present in digital pictures and use this data to automatically create an organization structure. Each digital picture contains information about the date when the picture was taken. It is this piece of information that serves as the basis for automatic picture organization. The user usually has little or no control over the automatically created organization structure. Some tools create this structure on the hard drive (physical structure), while other tools create a virtual structure (it exists only within the tool).
- Manual image organizers. This kind of software provides a direct view of the folders present on a user's hard disk. Sometimes referred to as image viewers, they allow the user only to see the pictures but do not provide any automatic organization features. They give maximum flexibility to a user and show exactly what the user has created on their hard drive. While they provide maximum flexibility, manual organizers rely on the user to have their own method to organize their pictures. Currently there are two main methods for organizing pictures manually: tag and folder based methods. While not mutually exclusive, these methods are different in purposes, procedures, and outcomes.
Many commercial image organizers offer both automatic and manual image organization features. A comparison of image viewers reveals that many free software packages are available that offer most of the organization features available in commercial software.
Future of image organization
editThere are several imminent advances anticipated in the image organization domain which may soon allow widespread automatic assignment of keywords or image clustering based on image content:[4]
- colour, shape and texture recognition[5] (For example, Picasa experimentally allows searching for photos with primary colour names.)
- subject recognition[6]
- fully or semi-automated facial, torso or body recognition[7][8] (For example, FXPAL in Palo Alto experimentally extracts faces from images and measures the distance between each face and a template.)
- geo-temporal sorting and event clustering.[9] Many software will sort by time or place; experimental software has been used to predict special events such as birthdays based on geo-temporal clustering.
In general, these methods either:
- automatically assign keywords based on content, or
- measure the distance between an untagged image and some template image which is associated with a keyword, and then propose that the operator apply the same keyword(s) to the untagged images
Notable image organizers
edit| Name | OS | Type | License | Metadata | Geotagging | Facial recognition |
Map display | Synchronizes with online library |
Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ACDSee | Windows | Proprietary | Yes IPTC Exif XMP | Yes | Yes | Yes ≤ 25 GB to ACDSee online, flickr, SmugMug, and Zenfolio | Supports: >100 file formats, Unicode, batch processing, viewing contents of archives formats, non-destructive editing, DB export, R/W to CD, VCD, DVD. Contains: SMTP email client, FTP transport, duplicate file finder. | ||
| Adobe Lightroom CC | Windows, macOS, iOS, Android and Web | cloud-based database | Proprietary | Yes | No | No | Yes | not compatible with Lightroom Classic CC[10] | |
| Adobe Lightroom Classic CC | Windows and macOS | catalogue-managed local folders | Proprietary | Yes IPTC Exif XMP | Yes | Yes | Yes Flickr, PicasaWeb, Piwigo, SmugMug with plugins | Professional image management application database, asynchronously catalog DVD collections of 10,000's of photos. Has built-in RAW Editor that allows to edit RAW images in batch | |
| Adobe Photoshop Album | Windows and macOS | Proprietary | Yes | No | No | discontinued in 2007, superseded by Elements Organizer | |||
| Adobe Photoshop Elements Organizer | Windows and macOS | Proprietary | Yes Exif IPTC XMP | Yes | Yes | Yes Flickr, Vimeo, YouTube, Facebook, Twitter, Email | Component of Adobe Photoshop Elements. Also supports management and sharing of video clips. | ||
| Aperture | macOS | local database | Proprietary | Yes Exif IPTC XMP | Yes | Yes | Yes iCloud, Flickr, Facebook, SmugMug | discontinued in 2015, superseded by Photos (Apple) | |
| CodedColor PhotoStudio Pro | Windows | Proprietary | Yes IPTC | No | No | ||||
| DBGallery | Windows | Cloud and On-premise | Proprietary | Yes IPTC Exif XMP | Yes | No | Yes | No | Team features such as version control and activity logging. Support for very large collections (millions). Accessed using web browsers. |
| digiKam | KDE (Linux, macOS, Windows) | GPL | Yes IPTC Exif XMP | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes 23hq, Facebook, Flickr, Gallery2, Piwigo, SmugMug |
Image management application database, deals with collections of 100,000's of photos | |
| Digital Photo Professional | Windows | Proprietary | |||||||
| F-Spot | Linux | GPL | Yes | discontinued in 2017 | |||||
| FastStone Image Viewer | Windows | Freeware | Yes Exif | ||||||
| Fotostation | Windows, macOS | Proprietary | Yes | No | |||||
| Geeqie | Linux | GPL | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | ||
| Google Photos | iOS, Android and Web | Freeware | Yes IPTC | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Integrated with Google online tool suite. | |
| gThumb | Linux | GPL | Yes | No | Yes | ||||
| iPhoto | macOS | local database | Proprietary | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | discontinued in 2015, superseded by Photos (Apple) |
| KPhotoAlbum | Linux | GPL | Yes | Yes | No * | Yes | No | * Has an option to tag faces on photo manually | |
| Phase One Media Pro | Windows and macOS | Proprietary | Yes IPTC Exif XMP | No | No | No | discontinued in 2018, superseded by Capture One | ||
| Photos (Apple) | macOS, iOS and Web | cloud-based database | Proprietary | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Default photo manager for macOS, iOS, tvOS, watchOS. Supports editing, iCloud, printing, sharing, searching. |
| Photos (Windows) | Windows | Freeware | No | Yes | No | No | Default photo manager for Windows 8 and later. | ||
| PicaJet | Windows | Proprietary | Yes Exif IPTC XMP | Yes Flickr, Fotki | Multi-user database access, unlimited category-nesting levels, hiding private images, supports for more than 60 image file formats | ||||
| Picasa | Windows, macOS and Linux | Freeware | Yes IPTC | Yes | Yes | Yes (per folder) | Yes PicasaWeb | discontinued in 2016, superseded by Google Photos | |
| Shotwell | Linux | LGPL | Yes Exif IPTC XMP | No | No | No | Yes Facebook, Flickr, PicasaWeb, Piwigo | non-destructive editing, one-click autoenhance | |
| Shutterfly Studio | Windows | Freeware | Yes | ||||||
| ViewMinder | Windows | Proprietary | discontinued in 2007 | ||||||
| Windows Photo Gallery | Windows | Proprietary | Yes IPTC Exif XMP | Yes | Yes | Yes OneDrive, Facebook, Flickr, Inkubook plus more with plugins | discontinued in 2017, superseded by Photos (Windows) | ||
| XnView | Windows, macOS and Linux | Freeware | Yes IPTC Exif | ||||||
| Zoner Photo Studio | Windows | Proprietary | Yes Exif IPTC XMP | Yes | No | Using HTML templates |
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Cynthia Baron and Daniel Peck, The Little Digital Camera Book, July 1, 2002 pp:93
- ^ Julie Adair King, Shoot Like a Pro! Digital Photography July 28, 2003 pp:21-23
- ^ "Who’s got the tag? Database truth versus file truth" by Jon Udell 2007
- ^ http://www.oreillynet.com/digitalmedia/blog/2007/03/lightroom_and_the_future_of_or.html Lightroom and the future of organizing photos
- ^ http://www.ctr.columbia.edu/~jrsmith/html/pubs/PAMI/pami_final_1.html Archived 2008-03-13 at the Wayback Machine Automated Image Retrieval Using Color and Texture (1995)
- ^ http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1232330.1232374&coll=GUIDE&dl=GUIDE Content-based object organization for efficient image retrieval in image databases (2006)
- ^ http://hcil.cs.umd.edu/trs/2004-15/2004-15.pdf Archived 2017-08-10 at the Wayback Machine Semi-Automatic Image Annotation Using Event and Torso Identification
- ^ http://www.ercim.org/publication/Ercim_News/enw62/wilcox.html Managing Digital Photo Collections
- ^ http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=957093 Temporal event clustering for digital photo collections
- ^ "Migrate photos and videos from Lightroom Classic CC to Lightroom CC". helpx.adobe.com. Retrieved 2017-11-30.
Further reading
edit- Multimedia Information Retrieval and Management: Technological Fundamentals and Applications by David Feng, W.C. Siu, Hong J. Zhang
- Multimedia Networking: Technology, Management, and Applications by Syed Mahbubur Rahman
- Multimedia and Image Management by Susan Lake, Karen Bean
External links
edit
Media related to Image organizers at Wikimedia Commons
