The Imperial Palace East Gardens (皇居東御苑, Kōkyo Higashi Gyoen) is a historical garden in the Tokyo Imperial Palace. The gardens were first used by the Tokugawa shogunate.
| Imperial Palace East Garden | |
|---|---|
皇居東御苑 | |
 A gate in the Honmaru area | |
 | |
| General information | |
| Location | 1-1 Chiyoda, Chiyoda City, Tokyo 100-8111, Japan |
| Town or city | Chiyoda, Tokyo |
| Country | Japan |
| Coordinates | 35°41′12″N 139°45′26″E / 35.6868°N 139.7571°E |
| Year(s) built | 1961–1968 (modern garden) |
| Opened | October 1, 1968 |
| Management | Imperial Household Agency |
| Technical details | |
| Size | 210,000 square metres |
| Grounds | Edo Castle (ruins), Tokyo Imperial Palace (modern) |
| Website | |
| https://www.kunaicho.go.jp/e-event/higashigyoen02.html | |
There is a bridge which leads to Sakashita-mon gate nearby is the Imperial Household Agency building and Tokyo Imperial Palace (or "kyuden")
The garden was built on the grounds of Edo Castle.[1] The Ōte-mon Gate functioned as the main gate of Edo Castle.[2] It was used by the feudal lords who came to stay in the castle under the alternating attendance system of the Tokugawa shogunate, and as such it was a very important gate. All the gardens areas were used as defence.[2] They are translated as "inner circle of defense" (honmaru), "second circle of defense" (ninomaru), and "third circle of defense" (sannomaru).[3] Suwa-no-cha-ya was built by Emperor Meiji in 1912[4] and is a tea house. Emperor Meiji lived in the Nishinomaru[1] palace near the gardens from 1869 to 1873.[1]
Historic construction
editThe gardens were first built under the Tokugawa shogunate,[2] but it was not a garden. Originally, it was built as more of a palace. Typically, the heir to the shogun lived here. It is not other than that about the historical construction, but we know that it was destroyed multiple times. Today, the ruins of Edo castle are here.[5][6]
Construction of the garden
editThe building of the modern gardens began in 1961. The garden is over 210,000 square metres. The garden was completed in 1968,[5] and was opened on October 1 that year.[7] It is open to the public unless needed for court purposes or public holidays. The Toukagakudo (Imperial Concert Hall)[4] and Sannomaru Shozokan (Museum of the Imperial Collections), and other buildings housing the Imperial Household Agency's Music, Archives and Mausolea departments, are located within this garden.
Honmaru area
edit
The Honmaru (本丸) area includes the remains of Edo castle's main tower, and lawns, trees and flowers.[4] This was the luxurious innermost part of the palace and the shōgun's main residence. It was destroyed twice, in 1657 and again in 1863. Honmaru palace was also here and was one story high. It included the Ōoku,[2] which was the women's quarters. During the Tokugawa shogunate, concubines and consorts lived here. They did things like play, eat, sleep, give pleasure to the shogun, and more. Surrounding the Honmaru were curtain walls, with 11 keeps, 15 defense houses and more than 20 gates. The area was destroyed by fire and reconstructed several times. The keep and main palace were destroyed in 1657 and 1863, and not reconstructed. Some remains, such as the Fujimi-yagura keep and Fujimi-tamon defense house, still exist. Apparently, the main keep was the biggest in Japan, although only the base remains.
Ninomaru area
edit
The Ninomaru (二の丸) area features trees representing all the prefectures of Japan.[8] There is a slope called Bairin-zaka, the Ninomaru garden, Ninomaru grove, and an iris garden. Under the Tokugawa shogunate, the Ninomaru area was made as a place for heirs, and a palace for them to live. Several fires burnt the palace and especially this area. People tried rebuilding it up until the Meiji era.
Sannomaru area
edit
The Sannomaru (三の丸) area consists of a museum, the Sannomaru shozokan (the museum of imperial collections).[4] It is also a resting place.[9] During the reign of Shōgun Tokugawa Hidetada, the palace underwent repairs and Ōte-mon (大手門) gate (located here) was made the main entrance. During the aerial raids of the Pacific War, the Ōte-mon was burnt down, but later was repaired.
References
edit
- ^ a b c "Imperial Palace East Gardens". Travel Japan. Japan National Tourism Organization. Retrieved 2023-12-31.
- ^ a b c d Benesch, Oleg (December 2018). "Castles and the Militarisation of Urban Society in Imperial Japan". Transactions of the Royal Historical Society. 28: 107–134. doi:10.1017/S0080440118000063. ISSN 0080-4401. S2CID 158403519.
- ^ Yvonne (2022-12-15). "Imperial Palace East Gardens: What to See & Best Times to Visit". VOYAPON. Retrieved 2024-01-01.
- ^ a b c d "Imperial Palace East Garden | Tokyo, Japan | Attractions". Lonely Planet. Retrieved 2023-05-10.
- ^ a b "Kokyo Gaien National Garden : 皇居外苑 | 一般財団法人国民公園協会". fng.or.jp. Retrieved 2023-12-31.
- ^ Mansfield, Stephen (2023-01-06). Tokyo: A Cultural and Literary History. Andrews UK Limited. ISBN 978-1-904955-86-3.
- ^ "The East Gardens of the Imperial Palace – The Imperial Household Agency". www.kunaicho.go.jp. Retrieved 2023-05-09.
- ^ "East Garden of the Imperial Palace（English）｜皇居東御苑案内｜公益財団法人菊葉文化協会". www.kikuyou.or.jp. Retrieved 2023-05-10.
- ^ Yvonne (2022-12-15). "Imperial Palace East Gardens: What to See & Best Times to Visit". VOYAPON. Retrieved 2024-01-01.