Wikipedia

India men's national field hockey team

(Redirected from India national hockey team)

This article is about the men's team. For the women's team, see India women's national field hockey team.

The India men's national field hockey team represents India in international field hockey competitions. The team is governed by the association Hockey India.

Nickname(s)Men in Blue
Association
ConfederationAsian Hockey Federation
Head CoachCraig Fulton
Assistant coach(es)Rhett Halkett
CaptainHarmanpreet Singh
Most capsDilip Tirkey (412)
Top scorerTraditional: Dhyan Chand (570)
Modern: Harmanpreet Singh (207)
Home
Away
FIH ranking
Current5
Highest3 (2021, 2023)
Lowest12 (2007)
First international
New Zealand  2–5  India
(Christchurch, New Zealand; 26 June 1926)[1]
Biggest win
India  26–0  Hong Kong
(Jakarta, Indonesia; 22 August 2018)[2]
Biggest defeat
Australia  8–0  India
(New Delhi, India; 14 October 2010)[3]
Olympic Games
Appearances22 (first in 1928)
Best resultGold Champions
(1928, 1932, 1936, 1948, 1952, 1956, 1964, 1980)
World Cup
Appearances15 (first in 1971)
Best resultGold Champions
(1975)
Asian Games
Appearances18 (first in 1958)
Best resultGold Champions
(1966, 1998, 2014, 2022)
Asia Cup
Appearances11 (first in 1982)
Best resultGold Champions
(2003, 2007, 2017)
Medal record
Event 1st 2nd 3rd
Olympic Games 8 1 4
World Cup 1 1 1
Pro League 0 0 1
World League 0 0 2
Champions Trophy 0 2 1
Commonwealth Games 0 3 0
Asian Games 4 9 3
Asia Cup 3 5 2
Asian Champions Trophy 5 1 1
Total 21 22 15
Olympic Games
Gold medal – first place 1928 Amsterdam Team
Gold medal – first place 1932 Los Angeles Team
Gold medal – first place 1936 Berlin Team
Gold medal – first place 1948 London Team
Gold medal – first place 1952 Helsinki Team
Gold medal – first place 1956 Melbourne Team
Gold medal – first place 1964 Tokyo Team
Gold medal – first place 1980 Moscow Team
Silver medal – second place 1960 Rome Team
Bronze medal – third place 1968 Mexico City Team
Bronze medal – third place 1972 Munich Team
Bronze medal – third place 2020 Tokyo Team
Bronze medal – third place 2024 Paris Team
World Cup
Gold medal – first place 1975 Kuala Lumpur Team
Silver medal – second place 1973 Amstelveen Team
Bronze medal – third place 1971 Barcelona Team
Pro League
Bronze medal – third place 2021–22 Rotterdam Team
World League
Bronze medal – third place 2014–15 Raipur Team
Bronze medal – third place 2016–17 Bhubaneswar Team
Champions Trophy
Silver medal – second place 2016 London Team
Silver medal – second place 2018 Breda Team
Bronze medal – third place 1982 Amstelveen Team
Commonwealth Games
Silver medal – second place 2010 New Delhi Team
Silver medal – second place 2014 Glasgow Team
Silver medal – second place 2022 Birmingham Team
Asian Games
Gold medal – first place 1966 Bangkok Team
Gold medal – first place 1998 Bangkok Team
Gold medal – first place 2014 Incheon Team
Gold medal – first place 2022 Hangzhou Team
Silver medal – second place 1958 Tokyo Team
Silver medal – second place 1962 Jakarta Team
Silver medal – second place 1970 Bangkok Team
Silver medal – second place 1974 Tehran Team
Silver medal – second place 1978 Bangkok Team
Silver medal – second place 1982 New Delhi Team
Silver medal – second place 1990 Beijing Team
Silver medal – second place 1994 Hiroshima Team
Silver medal – second place 2002 Busan Team
Bronze medal – third place 1986 Seoul Team
Bronze medal – third place 2010 Guangzhou Team
Bronze medal – third place 2018 Jakarta / Palembang Team
Asia Cup
Gold medal – first place 2003 Kuala Lumpur Team
Gold medal – first place 2007 Chennai Team
Gold medal – first place 2017 Dhaka Team
Silver medal – second place 1982 Karachi Team
Silver medal – second place 1985 Dhaka Team
Silver medal – second place 1989 New Delhi Team
Silver medal – second place 1994 Hiroshima Team
Silver medal – second place 2013 Ipoh Team
Bronze medal – third place 1999 Kuala Lumpur Team
Bronze medal – third place 2022 Jakarta Team
Asian Champions Trophy
Gold medal – first place 2011 Ordos Team
Gold medal – first place 2016 Kuantan Team
Gold medal – first place 2018 Muscat Team
Gold medal – first place 2023 Chennai Team
Gold medal – first place 2024 Hulunbuir Team
Silver medal – second place 2012 Doha Team
Bronze medal – third place 2021 Dhaka Team

In 1928, the team won its first Olympic gold medal and until 1960, the Indian men's team remained unbeaten in the Olympics, winning six gold medals in a row. The team had a 30–0 winning streak during this time, from their first game in 1928 until the 1960 gold medal final which they lost. India also won the World Cup in 1975. India also has the best overall performance in Olympic history with 87 victories out of the 142 matches played. They have also scored more goals in the Olympics than any other team. They are also the only team ever to win the Olympics without conceding a single goal, having done so in 1928 and 1956.[4]

The men in blues are also one of the most successful teams in Asia. They have won the Asian Games four times: in 1966, 1998, 2014 and 2022. India came out on top at the Asia Cup in 2003, 2007 and in 2017. India has won 43 out of 56 matches in the Asia Cup and holds the records for most wins and best winning percentage in the competition. They are the most successful team in the Asian Champions Trophy, winning the competition a record five times, namely in 2011, 2016, 2018, 2023, and 2024. The 2024 Asian Champions Trophy is the newest title victory for the team and in total, India has won 30 official international titles.[5]

India is known to have an intense rivalry with Pakistan, with whom they have played in the finals of major tournaments like Olympics, World Cup, Asian Games, Asia Cup and Asian Champions Trophy.[6]

History

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Golden years (1928–1959)

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India participated at the Olympics for the first time in 1928. In the group stage, India beat Austria 6–0, Belgium 9–0 and Switzerland 5–0 without conceding a single goal. They defeated Netherlands 3–0 in the finals under the captaincy of Jaipal Singh Munda.[7] India then went on to successfully defend their title at the 1932 Olympics with a 11–1 win over Japan and 24–1 win over United States, in that match Dhyan Chand scored 8 goals and Roop Singh scored 10 goals, This is still the largest margin of victory ever in the Olympic games even after all these years.[8] India went on to win their third straight title at the 1936 Olympics, this time captained by legendary player Dhyan Chand himself. India stormed through the group stage by winning against Japan 9–0, Hungary 4–0 and United States 7–0. In the semi-finals they defeated France 10–0. The team went on to face Germany in the final. The match was won by India 8–1 and it still remains the biggest winning margin in an Olympic final.[8] The Indian hockey team that won three successive Olympic titles is often regarded as one of the greatest ever to play the sport.[9]

 
India vs Berlin XI in 1936.

The World War II caused the cancellation of 1940 and 1944 Olympics, which ended the era of a team that dominated world hockey.[10] At the 1948 Olympics India was placed in group A and won all the three games, an 8–0 win over Austria, Argentina 9–1 and Spain 2–0. In the final India went on to face Great Britain, it was the first time India faced them. The skilled British team had already won the gold medal in 1908 and 1920, so this match was billed as a "Battle of Champions" and eventually India won the match 4–0.[11] The result was a sweet one for India, which gained independence from Britain just a year before. This win is often regarded as the greatest ever moment of Indian field hockey and also all of Indian sports.[12]

India went on to win two further gold medals in 1952 and 1956, preserving its record as the most successful and dominant team at that time in the Olympics. In 1952 Olympics quarter-finals India won against Austria 4–0, Great Britain 3–1 in semi-final and defeated Netherlands 6–1 in the final.[13] The match is famous for the five-goal magical performance of Balbir Singh Sr., which is an Olympic record that still stands today. At the 1956 Olympics India defeated Afghanistan 14–0, United States 16–0 and Singapore 6–0 in group stage. India defeated Germany 1–0 in semi-final. In the final India faced Pakistan and won the match 1–0, which was the beginning of the biggest rivalry in field hockey.[14] India and Pakistan again met each other in 1958 Asian Games and this time the match ended in a 0–0 draw. India also defeated Japan 8–0, South Korea 2–1 and Malaysia 6–0. But Pakistan claimed the gold medal due to better goal difference. It was the first time India finished runners-up in an international competition.[15]

Last years of dominance (1960–1980)

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At the 1960 Olympics India started its campaign by winning against Denmark 10–0, and Netherlands 4–1, New Zealand 3–0. India defeated Australia and Great Britain in quarter-finals and semi-finals respectively. In the final it was the beginning of a new era, for the first time India lost a match at the Olympics, a 0–1 loss to Pakistan in the final which ended India's streak of six successive gold medals and 30 matches unbeaten run.[16] Two years later India went on to win another silver medal at the 1962 Asian Games. India returned strongly at the 1964 Tokyo Olympics by registering wins against Hong Kong, Belgium, Netherlands, Malaysia and Canada and drawing with Spain and Germany. In the Semi-finals India defeated Australia 3–1, and they won against Pakistan in the final to take their seventh gold medal at the games and also went on to capture their first gold medal in 1966 Asian Games by defeating Pakistan again in the final.[17]

 
Indian team celebrating their 1–0 win over Pakistan in the 1973 World Cup semi-finals.

At the 1968 Mexico Olympics, India started with a loss against New Zealand but won all of their remaining 6 matches against West Germany, Japan, Spain, Mexico, East Germany and Belgium but India went to a new low, for the first time as they were defeated in the semi-final by Australia, but they successfully claimed the bronze medal by beating West Germany.[18] At the 1972 Olympics also the results were same as India started brightly by defeating Great Britain, Australia, Kenya, New Zealand and Mexico but drew with Netherlands and Poland. They were defeated in the semi-finals by Pakistan. In the third-place match India defeated the Netherlands to claim bronze medal.[19]

India won the bronze medal at the 1971 World Cup by virtue of a win over Kenya in the third-place playoffs.[20] At the 1973 World Cup India defeated Pakistan in semi-finals, but lost to Netherlands in the final in penalty shoot-out after the match ended in a 2–2 draw.[21] But at the 1975 World Cup India defeated Malaysia in the semi-final before beating arch-rivals Pakistan in the final to claim their first title.[22] In the 1976 Olympics astro-turf hockey pitch was introduced, India struggled to maintain their dominance like they did on grass fields and for the first time ever returned home empty handed. The 1980 Olympics was held in Moscow, India started their campaign with an 18–0 win over Tanzania followed by a 2–2 draw with both Poland and Spain respectively. Later followed by resounding wins over Cuba with a margin of 13–0 and Soviet Union by the scoreline of 4–2. India later won the gold medal for a record eighth time by defeating Spain in the final by the score of 4–3.[23]

Decline (1981–1997)

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After the 1980 Olympics success India's performance declined and the following decades resulted in a lot of ups and downs for the national team. As the team failed to win any medal in the World Cups or Olympics, but continued to be a top team in Asia and went on to win several medals in continental competitions.[24] The 1982 World Cup was hosted by India and they finished at 5th position.[25] The team lost to Pakistan in both 1982 Asian Games final and the inaugural Asia Cup final held in Karachi.[26] India ended the decade by winning bronze medals at the 1986 Asian Games and 1982 Champions Trophy and silver medals at the 1985 Asia Cup and 1989 Asia Cup. Their only gold medal success in a big tournament in the decade came at the 1985 Sultan Azlan Shah Cup.[27] India also went on to win 1991 Sultan Azlan Shah Cup and reached finals of 1994 Asia Cup but lost to South Korea in the final. The team then went on to win the 1995 Sultan Azlan Shah Cup.[28]

Resurgence (1998–2012)

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India won their first continental title after 32 years at the 1998 Asian Games by defeating South Korea.[29][30] The team finished fourth at the 1998 Commonwealth Games. They ended the decade by collecting bronze medal at the 1999 Asia Cup.[31]

India started the new millennium by winning the inaugural Hockey Champions Challenge by defeating South Africa in the final. In 2003 India won their first ever Asia Cup title by defeating Pakistan in the final.[32] The same year India also clinched the first and only Afro-Asian Games title by defeating Pakistan again in the final.[33] For the First time in their history the team did not win a medal at the Asian Games as they finished fifth at the 2006 Asian Games, but India defended their title successfully in the Asia Cup by winning the 2007 Asia Cup. In the final the team conveniently beat South Korea 7–2.[34] India failed to qualify for 2008 Beijing Games for the first time.[35]

The next Asia Cup tournament in 2009 proved to be disastrous as the team finished fifth and failed to get any medal. But the team regained momentum after winning the 2009 Sultan Azlan Shah Cup and also became the joint winners in the 2010 edition. In the 2010 World Cup, which was hosted in India, and the team finished on 8th position. In the 2010 Commonwealth Games which was again hosted by India, the national team reached the final where they were defeated 0–8 by Australia, the biggest defeat India ever suffered.[36] India became the first ever champions of the Asian Champions Trophy after they beat Pakistan in the final of the 2011 edition.[37] In 2012 the team finished last at the Olympics as they lost all their matches, it was disappointing given the fact that they are the most successful team ever at the Olympics.[38][39] India also finished as runners-up at the 2012 Asian Champions Trophy.[40]

2013–present (Olympic comeback)

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After the disappointment in Olympics India played at the 2013 Asian Champions Trophy but could only finish at 5th place. The 2014 Asian Games became the turning point as the team defeated Pakistan[41][42][43] to win their third gold medal.[44][45][46] In 2014–15 Hockey World League India won the bronze medal by beating Netherlands. The team reached the finals of 2016 Men's Hockey Champions Trophy but lost to Australia in penalty shootout. But bounced back by winning Asian Champions Trophy in 2016 Asian Champions Trophy by defeating Pakistan and 2017 Asia Cup by defeating Malaysia.[47][48] The team also won bronze medal at the 2016–17 Hockey World League by defeating Germany 2–1.

The 2018 Asian Games proved little disappointing as India was the defending champions as well as the favorites to win but was surprised by Malaysia in semi-final. They later won bronze medal by defeating Pakistan 2–1.[49] The team returned strongly by winning 2018 Asian Champions Trophy and collecting a gold medal at the 2018–19 Men's Hockey Series. India played as hosts in the 2018 Hockey World Cup and reached the quarter-finals but lost to Netherlands.[50]

Indian team won bronze in 2020 Tokyo Olympics after defeating Germany 5–4. This was a historic win as the Indian Hockey team won a medal in Olympics after a gap of 41 years.[51][52] In 2023 India made a successful run at the Asian Champions Trophy and the Asian Games both of which India won undefeated.[53]

Indian hockey team won the bronze medal for the second consecutive time at the 2024 Summer Olympics in Paris by defeating Spain.[54]

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  •  
    Match of the Indian team at the 1928 Amsterdam Olympics.
  •  
    Match of India against United States at the 1932 Los Angeles Olympics.
  •  
    The Indian team that won the gold medal at the 1936 Berlin Olympics.
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    India scoring their third goal against Britain at the 1948 London Olympic final.
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    Indian team in 1988 Seoul Summer Olympics.
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    Indian hockey team in 2000s.
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    India after winning FIH Hockey Series.
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    Indian field hockey team in 2010s.
  •  
    Indian field hockey team in 2020s.

Tournament history

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Major tournaments

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Summer Olympics

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Summer Olympics
Year Host Round Position Pld W D L GF GA
1928   Amsterdam, Netherlands Final Champions 5 5 0 0 29 0
1932   Los Angeles, USA Group stage Champions 2 2 0 0 35 2
1936   Berlin, Germany Final Champions 5 5 0 0 38 1
1948   London, UK Final Champions 5 5 0 0 25 2
1952   Helsinki, Finland Final Champions 3 3 0 0 13 2
1956   Melbourne, Australia Final Champions 5 5 0 0 38 0
1960   Rome, Italy Final Runners-up 6 5 0 1 19 2
1964   Tokyo, Japan Final Champions 9 7 2 0 22 5
1968   Mexico City, Mexico Semi-finals Third place 9 7 0 2 23 7
1972   Munich, West Germany Semi-finals Third place 9 6 2 1 27 11
1976   Montreal, Canada Group stage 7th place 8 4 1 3 17 13
1980   Moscow, USSR Final Champions 6 4 2 0 43 9
1984   Los Angeles, USA Group stage 5th place 7 5 1 1 20 11
1988   Seoul, South Korea Group stage 6th place 7 2 2 3 16 15
1992   Barcelona, Spain Group stage 7th place 7 3 0 4 7 12
1996   Atlanta, USA Group stage 8th place 7 2 3 2 14 10
2000   Sydney, Australia Group stage 7th place 7 3 2 2 13 10
2004   Athens, Greece Group stage 7th place 7 2 1 4 16 18
2008   Beijing, China Did not qualify
2012   London, UK Group stage 12th place 6 0 0 6 8 21
2016   Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Quarter-finals 8th place 6 2 1 3 10 12
2020   Tokyo, Japan Semi-finals Third place 8 6 0 2 25 23
2024   Paris, France Semi-finals Third place 8 4 2 2 15 12
Total 8 Titles 142 87 19 36 473 198

World Cup

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World Cup
Year Host Round Position Pld W D L GF GA
1971   Barcelona, Spain Semi-finals Third place 6 5 0 1 8 3
1973   Amstelveen, Netherlands Final Runners-up 7 4 3 0 15 3
1975   Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Final Champions 7 5 1 1 19 8
1978   Buenos Aires, Argentina Group stage 6th place 8 4 1 3 11 16
1982   Bombay, India Group stage 5th place 7 5 0 2 29 15
1986   London, England Group stage 12th place 7 1 1 5 8 16
1990   Lahore, Pakistan Group stage 10th place 7 1 1 5 12 18
1994   Sydney, Australia Group stage 5th place 7 3 2 2 14 12
1998   Utrecht, Netherlands Group stage 9th place 7 3 0 4 13 19
2002   Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Group stage 10th place 9 3 1 5 22 17
2006   Mönchengladbach, Germany Group stage 11th place 7 1 1 5 10 18
2010   New Delhi, India Group stage 8th place 6 1 1 4 15 21
2014   The Hague, Netherlands Group stage 9th place 6 2 1 3 10 12
2018   Bhubaneswar, India Quarter-finals 6th place 4 2 1 1 13 5
2023   Bhubaneswar & Rourkela, India Cross-overs 9th place 6 4 2 0 22 7
Total 1 Title 101 44 16 41 221 190

Asian Games

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Asian Games
Year Host Round Position Pld W D L GF GA
1958   Tokyo, Japan Group stage Runners-up 4 3 1 0 16 1
1962   Jakarta, Indonesia Final Runners-up 5 4 0 1 19 2
1966   Bangkok, Thailand Final Champions 5 5 0 0 13 0
1970   Bangkok, Thailand Final Runners-up 5 4 0 1 16 1
1974   Tehran, Iran Group stage Runners-up 6 4 1 1 25 3
1978   Bangkok, Thailand Final Runners-up 5 4 0 1 18 5
1982   New Delhi, India Final Runners-up 6 5 0 1 45 10
1986   Seoul, South Korea Semi-finals Third place 6 4 1 1 30 6
1990   Beijing, China Final Runners-up 6 5 0 1 22 3
1994   Hiroshima, Japan Final Runners-up 5 4 0 1 10 4
1998   Bangkok, Thailand Final Champions 6 5 1 0 24 4
2002   Busan, South Korea Final Runners-up 5 3 1 1 16 9
2006   Doha, Qatar Group stage 5th place 6 4 1 1 34 5
2010   Guangzhou, China Semi-finals Third place 6 5 0 1 26 8
2014   Incheon, South Korea Final Champions 6 4 1 1 20 3
2018   Jakarta, Indonesia Semi-finals Third place 7 6 1 0 80 6
2022   Hangzhou, China Final Champions 7 7 0 0 68 9
Total 4 Titles 96 76 8 12 477 79

Asia Cup

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Asia Cup
Year Host Round Position Pld W D L GF GA
1982   Karachi, Pakistan Group stage Runners-up 6 5 0 1 40 4
1985   Dhaka, Bangladesh Final Runners-up 6 5 0 1 33 7
1989   New Delhi, India Final Runners-up 5 4 0 1 15 2
1994   Hiroshima, Japan Final Runners-up 6 3 2 1 15 7
1999   Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Semi-finals Third place 5 3 1 1 17 9
2003   Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Final Champions 5 4 0 1 25 9
2007   Chennai, India Final Champions 7 7 0 0 57 5
2009   Kuantan, Malaysia Group stage 5th place 4 2 1 1 20 7
2013   Ipoh, Malaysia Final Runners-up 5 4 0 1 24 5
2017   Dhaka, Bangladesh Final Champions 7 6 1 0 28 6
2022   Jakarta, Indonesia Second round Third place 7 3 3 1 29 14
Total 3 Titles 63 46 8 9 303 75

Asian Champions Trophy

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Asian Champions Trophy
Year Host Round Position Pld W D L GF GA
2011   Ordos, China Final Champions 6 2 4 0 15 8
2012   Doha, Qatar Final Runners-up 6 4 0 2 27 12
2013   Kakamigahara, Japan Group stage 5th place 6 3 0 3 18 13
2016   Kuantan, Malaysia Final Champions 7 5 2 0 30 10
2018   Muscat, Oman Final Champions 6 5 1 0 30 4
2021   Dhaka, Bangladesh Semi-finals Third place 6 4 1 1 27 11
2023   Chennai, India Final Champions 7 6 1 0 29 8
2024   Hulunbuir, China Final Champions 7 7 0 0 26 5
Total 5 Titles 51 36 9 6 202 71

Commonwealth Games

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Commonwealth Games
Year Host Round Position Pld W D L GF GA
1998   Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Semi-finals Fourth place 7 4 1 2 22 12
2006   Melbourne, Australia Group stage 6th place 5 2 1 2 15 8
2010   New Delhi, India Final Runners-up 6 3 1 2 19 22
2014   Glasgow, Scotland Final Runners-up 6 4 0 2 19 15
2018   Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia Semi-finals Fourth place 6 3 1 2 15 14
2022   Birmingham, England Final Runners-up 6 4 1 1 30 14
Total Runners-up 36 20 5 11 120 85

Pro League

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Pro League
Year Host Round Position Pld W D L GF GA
2020–21 N/A Group stage Fourth place 8 3 3 2 22 17
2021–22 N/A Group stage Third place 16 8 4 4 62 40
2022–23 N/A Group stage Fourth place 16 8 3 5 51 42
2023–24 N/A Group stage Seventh place 16 5 6 5 38 35
2024–25 N/A Qualified
Total Third place 56 24 16 16 173 134

Other tournaments

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Sultan Azlan Shah Cup

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Sultan Azlan Shah Cup
Year Host Position
1983   Malaysia Third place
1985   Malaysia Champions
1991   Malaysia Champions
1995   Malaysia Champions
2000   Malaysia Third place
2001   Malaysia 5th place
2004   Malaysia 7th place
2005   Malaysia 5th place
2006   Malaysia Third place
2007   Malaysia Third place
2008   Malaysia Runners-up
2009   Malaysia Champions
2010   Malaysia Champions
2011   Malaysia 6th place
2012   Malaysia Third place
2013   Malaysia 5th place
2015   Malaysia Third place
2016   Malaysia Runners-up
2017   Malaysia Third place
2018   Malaysia 5th place
2019   Malaysia Runners-up
Total 5 Titles

South Asian Games

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South Asian Games
Year Host Position
1995   Madras, India Champions
2006   Colombo, Sri Lanka Runners-up
2010   Dhaka, Bangladesh Runners-up
2016   Guwahati, India Runners-up
Total 1 Title

Defunct competitions

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World League

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Hockey World League
Year Position Pld W D L GF GA
2012–13 6th place 15 6 4 5 59 37
2014–15 Third place 13 4 3 6 23 35
2016–17 Third place 13 5 2 6 33 23
Total Third place 41 15 9 17 115 95

Champions Trophy

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Champions Trophy
Year Host Round Position Pld W D L GF GA
1980   Karachi, Pakistan Group stage 5th place 6 1 2 3 17 24
1982   Amstelveen, Netherlands Group stage Third place 5 3 0 2 16 20
1983   Karachi, Pakistan Group stage Fourth place 5 2 1 2 8 9
1985   Perth, Australia Group stage 6th place 5 1 1 3 9 15
1986   Karachi, Pakistan Group stage 5th place 5 2 0 3 6 10
1989   Berlin, West Germany Group stage 6th place 5 1 0 4 7 12
1995   Berlin, Germany Group stage 5th place 6 0 3 3 7 13
1996   Madras, India Group stage Fourth place 6 2 1 3 10 12
2002   Cologne, Germany Group stage Fourth place 6 2 1 3 16 18
2003   Amstelveen, Netherlands Group stage Fourth place 6 2 0 4 19 22
2004   Lahore, Pakistan Group stage Fourth Place 6 1 1 4 11 16
2005   Chennai, India Group stage 6th place 6 1 0 5 9 15
2012   Melbourne, Australia Semi-finals Fourth place 6 3 0 3 12 12
2014   Bhubaneswar, India Semi-finals Fourth place 6 2 0 4 13 15
2016   London, UK Final Runners-up 6 2 2 2 10 11
2018   Breda, Netherlands Final Runners-up 6 2 3 1 11 7
Total Runners-up 91 27 15 49 181 231

Champions Challenge

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Champions Challenge
Year Host Round Position Pld W D L GF GA
2001   Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Final Champions 6 4 1 1 11 6
2007   Boom, Belgium Semi-finals Third place 6 4 0 2 16 13
2009   Salta, Argentina Semi-finals Third place 5 3 1 1 16 13
2011   Johannesburg, South Africa Final Runners-up 6 4 1 1 29 17
Total 1 Title 23 15 3 5 72 49

Hockey Series

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Hockey Series
Year Host Round Position Pld W D L GF GA
2018–19   Bhubaneshwar, India Final Champions 5 5 0 0 35 4
Total 1 Title 5 5 0 0 35 4

Afro-Asian Games

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Afro-Asian Games
Year Host Round Position Pld W D L GF GA
2003   Hyderabad, India Final Champions 5 5 0 0 23 11
Total 1 Title 5 5 0 0 23 11

Western Asiatic Games

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Western Asiatic Games
Year Host Round Position Pld W D L GF GA
1934   Delhi, India Final Champions 1 1 0 0 5 0
Total 1 Title 1 1 0 0 5 0

Honours

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Major tournaments

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Other tournaments

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Defunct tournaments

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Results and fixtures

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The following is a list of match results in the last 12 months, as well as any future matches that have been scheduled.

  Win   Draw   Loss   Fixture

2024

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26 January 2024 Test Match South Africa   0–3   India Cape Town, South Africa
18:00 Report Harmanpreet   2'
Abhishek   13'
Sumit   30'		 Stadium: Cape Town
10 February 2024 2023–24 FIH Pro League India   4–1   Spain Bhubaneswar, India
19:30 Harmanpreet   7', 20'
Jugraj   24'
Lalit   50'		 Report Miralles   34' Stadium: Kalinga Stadium
11 February 2024 2023–24 FIH Pro League India   2–2
(4–2 p)		   Netherlands Bhubaneswar, India
19:30 Hardik   13'
Harmanpreet   58'		 Report Janssen   30'
Bijen   39'		 Stadium: Kalinga Stadium
Penalties
Harmanpreet  
Sukhjeet  
Lalit  
Shamsher  		   Croon
  T. Brinkman
  De Geus
  Bijen
15 February 2024 2023–24 FIH Pro League India   4–6   Australia Bhubaneswar, India
19:30 Harmanpreet   12', 20'
Sukhjeet   18'
Mandeep   29'		 Report Govers   13', 13', 40'
Sharp   52'
Anderson   55'
Welch   58'		 Stadium: Kalinga Stadium
16 February 2024 2023–24 FIH Pro League India   1–0   Ireland Bhubaneswar, India
19:30 Gurjant   60' Report Stadium: Kalinga Stadium
19 February 2024 2023–24 FIH Pro League India   2–2
(8–7 p)		   Spain Rourkela, India
19:30 Jarmanpreet   1'
Abhishek   35'		 Report Basterra   3'
Lacalle   15'		 Stadium: Birsa Munda International Hockey Stadium
Penalties
Harmanpreet  
Sukhjeet  
Lalit  
Abhishek  
Raj  
Harmanpreet  
Sukhjeet  
Lalit  		   Basterra
  Miralles
  Bonastre
  Reyné
  Recasens
  Bonastre
  Recasens
  Miralles
21 February 2024 2023–24 FIH Pro League India   1–1
(2–4 p)		   Netherlands Rourkela, India
19:30 Hardik   38' Report Middendorp   4' Stadium: Birsa Munda International Hockey Stadium
Penalties
Araijeet  
Sukhjeet  
Lalit  
Shamsher  		   Croon
  T. Brinkman
  De Geus
  Telgenkamp
  De Mol
24 February 2024 2023–24 FIH Pro League India   2–2
(0–3 p)		   Australia Rourkela, India
19:30 Harmanpreet   20'
Rohidas   29'		 Report Govers   23'
Craig   53'		 Stadium: Birsa Munda International Hockey Stadium
Penalties
Akashdeep  
Sukhjeet  
Lalit  		   Brand
  Ogilvie
  De Mol
25 February 2024 2023–24 FIH Pro League India   4–0   Ireland Rourkela, India
19:30 Nilakanta   14'
Akashdeep   15'
Gurjant   38'
Jugraj   60'		 Report Stadium: Birsa Munda International Hockey Stadium
6 April 2024 2024 Australia-India Test Series Australia   5–1   India Perth, Australia
16:40 Brand   3'
Wickham   20', 38'
Rintala   37'
Ogilvie   57'		 Report Gurjant   47' Stadium: Perth Hockey Stadium
7 April 2024 2024 Australia-India Test Series Australia   4–2   India Perth, Australia
16:40 Hayward   6', 34'
Anderson   42'
Ephraums   45'		 Report Jugraj   9'
Harmanpreet   30'		 Stadium: Perth Hockey Stadium
10 April 2024 2024 Australia-India Test Series Australia   2–1   India Perth, Australia
17:40 Hayward   44', 49' Report Jugraj   41' Stadium: Perth Hockey Stadium
12 April 2024 2024 Australia-India Test Series Australia   3–1   India Perth, Australia
17:40 Hayward   19', 47'
Welch   54'		 Report Harmanpreet   12' Stadium: Perth Hockey Stadium
13 April 2024 2024 Australia-India Test Series Australia   3–2   India Perth, Australia
16:40 Hayward   20'
Williot   38'
Brand   39'		 Report Harmanpreet   4'
Dhami   53'		 Stadium: Perth Hockey Stadium
22 May 2024 2023–24 FIH Pro League India   2–2
(5–4 p)		   Argentina Antwerp, Belgium
14:30 Singh   11'
Lalit   55'		 Report Martínez   20'
Domene   60'		 Stadium: Wilrijkse Plein Antwerp
Penalties
Singh  
Singh  
Pal  
Abishek  
Singh  
Singh  
Lalit  		 Casella  
Toscani  
Martins  
Martínez  
Casella  
Toscani  
Capurro  
23 May 2024 2023–24 FIH Pro League Belgium   4–1   India Antwerp, Belgium
21:00 Denayer   22'
Hendrickx   34', 60'
Charlier   49'		 Report Abhishek   55' Stadium: Wilrijkse Plein Antwerp
25 May 2024 2023–24 FIH Pro League Belgium   2–2
(3–1 p)		   India Antwerp, Belgium
16:15 Denayer   30'
Van Aubel   50'		 Report Araijeet   11'
Sukhjeet   57'		 Stadium: Wilrijkse Plein Antwerp
Penalties
Boccard  
De Sloover  
Van Aubel  
Ghislain  		   Araijeet
  Sukhjeet
  Abhishek
  Prasad
26 May 2024 2023–24 FIH Pro League Argentina   4–5   India Antwerp, Belgium
18:30 Monja   3'
Keenan   24'
Marcucci   54'
Martínez   57'		 Report Araijeet   7'
Gurjant   18'
Harmanpreet   29', 50', 52'		 Stadium: Wilrijkse Plein Antwerp
1 June 2024 2023–24 FIH Pro League Germany   0–3   India London, England
10:00 Report Harmanpreet   16'
Sukhjeet   41'
Gurjant   44'		 Stadium: Lee Valley Hockey and Tennis Centre
2 June 2024 2023–24 FIH Pro League Great Britain   3–1   India London, England
12:15 Bandurak   2', 11'
Calnan   47'		 Report Abhishek   35' Stadium: Lee Valley Hockey and Tennis Centre
8 June 2024 2023–24 FIH Pro League India   2–3   Germany London, England
17:15 Harmanpreet   19'
Sukhjeet   48'		 Report Peillat   2', 33'
Rühr   10'		 Stadium: Lee Valley Hockey and Tennis Centre
9 June 2024 2023–24 FIH Pro League Great Britain   3–2   India London, England
14:30 Roper   1'
Waller   37'
Forsyth   50'		 Report Sukhjeet   19'
Harmanpreet   36'		 Stadium: Lee Valley Hockey and Tennis Centre
27 July 2024 2024 Summer Olympics GS India   3–2   New Zealand Paris, France
17:30 Lane   8'
Child   53'		 Report Mandeep   24'
Vivek   34'
Harmanpreet   59'		 Stadium: Stade Yves-du-Manoir
29 July 2024 2024 Summer Olympics GS India   1–1   Argentina Paris, France
12:45 Harmanpreet   59' Report Martínez   22' Stadium: Stade Yves-du-Manoir
30 July 2024 2024 Summer Olympics GS Ireland   0–2   India Paris, France
13:15 Report Harmanpreet   11', 19' Stadium: Stade Yves-du-Manoir
1 August 2024 2024 Summer Olympics GS India   1–2   Belgium Paris, France
10:00 Abhishek   18' Report Stockbroekx   33'
Dohmen   44'		 Stadium: Stade Yves-du-Manoir
2 August 2024 2024 Summer Olympics GS Australia   2–3   India Paris, France
13:15 Craig   25'
Govers   55'		 Report Abhishek   12'
Harmanpreet   13', 32'		 Stadium: Stade Yves-du-Manoir
4 August 2024 2024 Summer Olympics QF India   1–1
(4–2 p)		   Great Britain Paris, France
13:30 Harmanpreet   22' Report
Shootout report		 Morton   27' Stadium: Stade Yves-du-Manoir
Penalties
Harmanpreet  
Sukhjeet  
Lalit  
Raj  		   Albery
  Wallace
  Williamson
  Roper
6 August 2024 2024 Summer Olympics SF Germany   3–2   India Paris, France
19:00 Peillat   18'
Rühr   27'
Miltkau   54'		 Report Harmanpreet   7'
Sukhjeet   36'		 Stadium: Stade Yves-du-Manoir
8 August 2024 2024 Summer Olympics 3P India   2–1   Spain Paris, France
14:00 Harmanpreet   30', 33' Report Miralles   18' Stadium: Stade Yves-du-Manoir
8 September 2024 2024 Asian Champions Trophy PR India   3–0   China Hulunbuir, China
15:30 Sukhjeet   14'
Uttam   27'
Abhishek   32'		 Report Stadium: Moqi Training Base
9 September 2024 2024 Asian Champions Trophy PR India   5–1   Japan Hulunbuir, China
13:15 Sukhjeet   2', 60'
Abhishek   3'
Sanjay   17'
Uttam   54'		 Report Matsumoto   41' Stadium: Moqi Training Base
11 September 2024 2024 Asian Champions Trophy PR Malaysia   1–8   India Hulunbuir, China
13:15 Akhimullah   34' Report Raj   3', 25', 33'
Araijeet   6', 39'
Jugraj   7'
Harmanpreet   22'
Uttam   40'		 Stadium: Moqi Training Base
12 September 2024 2024 Asian Champions Trophy PR South Korea   1–3   India Hulunbuir, China
13:15 Yang   30' Report Harmanpreet   9', 43'
Araijeet   8'		 Stadium: Moqi Training Base
14 September 2024 2024 Asian Champions Trophy PR India   2–1   Pakistan Hulunbuir, China
13:15 Harmanpreet   13', 19' Report Nadeem   8' Stadium: Moqi Training Base
16 September 2024 2024 Asian Champions Trophy SF India   4–1   South Korea Hulunbuir, China
15:30 Uttam   13'
Harmanpreet   19', 45'
Jarmanpreet   32'		 Report Yang   33' Stadium: Moqi Training Base
17 September 2024 2024 Asian Champions Trophy F China   0–1   India Hulunbuir, China
15:30 Report Jugraj   51' Stadium: Moqi Training Base
23 October 2024 Bilateral series India   0–2   Germany New Delhi, India
15:00 Report Mertgens   4'
Windfeder   30'		 Stadium: Major Dhyan Chand National Stadium
24 October 2024 Bilateral series India   5–3   Germany New Delhi, India
15:00 Sukhjeet   34', 48'
Harmanpreet   42', 43'
Abhishek   45'		 Report Mazkour   7', 57'
Mertgens   60'		 Stadium: Major Dhyan Chand National Stadium

2025

edit
15 February 2025 2024–25 Men's FIH Pro League India   v   Spain Bhubaneswar, India
19:30 Report Stadium: Kalinga Stadium
16 February 2025 2024–25 Men's FIH Pro League India   v   Spain Bhubaneswar, India
19:30 Report Stadium: Kalinga Stadium
18 February 2025 2024–25 Men's FIH Pro League India   v   Germany Bhubaneswar, India
19:30 Report Stadium: Kalinga Stadium
19 February 2025 2024–25 Men's FIH Pro League India   v   Germany Bhubaneswar, India
17:15 Report Stadium: Kalinga Stadium
21 February 2025 2024–25 Men's FIH Pro League India   v   Ireland Bhubaneswar, India
19:30 Report Stadium: Kalinga Stadium
22 February 2025 2024–25 Men's FIH Pro League India   v   Ireland Bhubaneswar, India
19:30 Report Stadium: Kalinga Stadium
24 February 2025 2024–25 Men's FIH Pro League India   v   England Bhubaneswar, India
19:30 Report Stadium: Kalinga Stadium
25 February 2025 2024–25 Men's FIH Pro League India   v   England Bhubaneswar, India
19:30 Report Stadium: Kalinga Stadium
7 June 2025 2024–25 Men's FIH Pro League Netherlands   v   India Amsterdam, Netherlands
16:00 Report Stadium: Wagener Stadium
9 June 2025 2024–25 Men's FIH Pro League Netherlands   v   India Amsterdam, Netherlands
14:30 Report Stadium: Wagener Stadium
11 June 2025 2024–25 Men's FIH Pro League Argentina   v   India Amsterdam, Netherlands
15:00 Report Stadium: Wagener Stadium
12 June 2025 2024–25 Men's FIH Pro League India   v   Argentina Amsterdam, Netherlands
15:00 Report Stadium: Wagener Stadium
14 June 2025 2024–25 Men's FIH Pro League Australia   v   India Antwerp, Belgium
10:30 Report Stadium: Wilrijkse Plein Antwerp
15 June 2025 2024–25 Men's FIH Pro League India   v   Australia Antwerp, Belgium
10:30 Report Stadium: Wilrijkse Plein Antwerp
21 June 2025 2024–25 Men's FIH Pro League Belgium   v   India Antwerp, Belgium
15:30 Report Stadium: Wilrijkse Plein Antwerp
22 June 2025 2024–25 Men's FIH Pro League Belgium   v   India Antwerp, Belgium
15:30 Report Stadium: Wilrijkse Plein Antwerp

Players

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Current squad

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The following players were named for the bilateral series against Germany.[58]

Caps updated as of 24 October 2024, after the match against   Germany.

No. Pos. Player Date of birth (age) Caps GoalsClub
12 GK Krishan Pathak (1997-04-24) 24 April 1997 (age 27) 134 0   Indian Oil Corporation Ltd
77 GK Suraj Karkera (1995-10-14) 14 October 1995 (age 29) 52 0   Services
4 DF Jarmanpreet Singh (1996-07-18) 18 July 1996 (age 28) 123 7   Income Tax
30 DF Amit Rohidas (1993-05-10) 10 May 1993 (age 31) 200 28   Railways
13 DF Harmanpreet Singh (Captain) (1996-01-06) 6 January 1996 (age 28) 236 207   Punjab Armed Police
3 DF Varun Kumar (1995-07-25) 25 July 1995 (age 29) 142 40   BPCL
17 DF Sumit Walmiki (1996-12-20) 20 December 1996 (age 27) 151 8   Oil and Natural Gas Corporation
70 DF Sanjay Rana (2001-05-05) 5 May 2001 (age 23) 47 3   Hockey Haryana
15 DF Nilam Sanjeep Xess (1998-11-07) 7 November 1998 (age 26) 47 5   CAGI
7 MF Manpreet Singh (1992-06-26) 26 June 1992 (age 32) 387 27   Punjab Armed Police
32 MF Vivek Prasad (Vice-captain) (2000-02-25) 25 February 2000 (age 24) 160 21   Bhopal Police
40 DF Vishnukant Singh (2002-08-10) 10 August 2002 (age 22) 13 1   Uttar Pradesh Hockey
18 MF Nilakanta Sharma (1995-05-02) 2 May 1995 (age 29) 133 16   Youth Affairs and Sports Manipur
21 MF Shamsher Singh (1997-07-29) 29 July 1997 (age 27) 105 16   Punjab Armed Police
35 MF Mohammed Raheel Mouseen (1996-12-20) 20 December 1996 (age 27) 16 1   Comptroller and Auditor General of India
78 MF Rajinder Singh (2002-12-22) 22 December 2002 (age 21) 1 0
11 FW Mandeep Singh (1995-01-25) 25 January 1995 (age 29) 254 117   Punjab Armed Police
5 FW Abhishek Nain (1999-08-15) 15 August 1999 (age 25) 91 37   Punjab National Bank
34 FW Sukhjeet Singh (1996-12-05) 5 December 1996 (age 27) 87 28   Punjab National Bank
2 FW Dilpreet Singh (1999-11-12) 12 November 1999 (age 25) 87 31   IOCL
99 FW Shilanand Lakra (1999-05-05) 5 May 1999 (age 25) 30 6   HC Melbourne
19 FW Aditya Lalage (2003-01-15) 15 January 2003 (age 21) 1 0

Recent call-ups

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The following players have also been called up for the national team in the last 12 months.

Pos. Player Date of birth (age) Caps Goals Club Latest call-up
GK P. R. SreejeshRET (1988-05-08) 8 May 1988 (age 36) 336 0   Physical Edu. & Sports, Kerala 2024 Summer Olympics
GK Prashant Chauhan (2000-12-01) 1 December 2000 (age 24) 0 0   Uttar Pradesh Hockey NT Camp, November 2023
DF Jugraj Singh (1996-12-11) 11 December 1996 (age 27) 63 18   Services 2024 Asian Champions Trophy
DF Amir Ali (2004-05-02) 2 May 2004 (age 20) 8 0   Uttar Pradesh Hockey 2024 Asian Champions Trophy
DF Surender Kumar (1993-11-23) 23 November 1993 (age 31) 178 4   Food Corporation of India 2023 Hockey World Cup
DF Dipsan Tirkey (1998-10-15) 15 October 1998 (age 26) 37 5   BPCL NT Camp, November 2023
MF Hardik Singh (1998-09-23) 23 September 1998 (age 26) 142 11   IOCL 2024 Summer Olympics
MF Raj Kumar Pal (1998-05-01) 1 May 1998 (age 26) 69 8   CAGI 2024 Asian Champions Trophy
MF Yashdeep Siwach (2000-12-26) 26 December 2000 (age 23) 7 0   Railways NT Camp, November 2023
MF Maninder Singh (2001-02-04) 4 February 2001 (age 23) 6 1   Punjab and Sind Bank NT Camp, November 2023
MF Rabichandra Singh Moirangthem (2001-08-03) 3 August 2001 (age 23) 14 0   Petroleum Sports Board 2024 Australia–India Test Series
FW Lalit Upadhyay (1993-12-01) 1 December 1993 (age 31) 176 45   Uttar Pradesh Police 2024 Summer Olympics
FW Gurjant Singh (1995-01-26) 26 January 1995 (age 29) 117 31   ONGC 2024 Summer Olympics
FW Araijeet Singh Hundal (2004-01-21) 21 January 2004 (age 20) 19 3   Punjab and Sind Bank 2024 Asian Champions Trophy
FW Uttam Singh (2002-10-12) 12 October 2002 (age 22) 14 4   Uttar Pradesh Hockey 2024 Asian Champions Trophy
FW Gurjot Singh (2004-11-22) 22 November 2004 (age 20) 7 0   Roundglass Punjab Club 2024 Asian Champions Trophy
FW Akashdeep Singh (1994-12-02) 2 December 1994 (age 30) 247 94   Punjab Armed Police 2023–24 FIH Pro League
FW Boby Singh Dhami (2002-07-01) 1 July 2002 (age 22) 1 1   Food Corporation of India 2023–24 FIH Pro League
FW Selvam Karthi (2001-09-01) 1 September 2001 (age 23) 25 10   Hockey Unit Of Tamil Nadu NT Camp, November 2023

INJ Withdrew due to injury
PRE Preliminary squad / standby
RET Retired from the national team
WD Player withdrew from the squad due to non-injury issue.

Coaching staff

edit

Individual Records

edit
Players in bold are still active, at least at international level.

Top 10 goal scorers

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Position Player Goals Caps References
1 Dhyan Chand 570 185 [64]
2 Balbir Singh Sr. 246 61 [65]
3 Harmanpreet Singh 205 234 [66]
4 KD Singh 175+ 80+ [67]
5 Dhanraj Pillay 170 400 [68]
6 Sandeep Singh 138 186 [69]
7 VR Raghunath 132 228 [70]
8 Rupinder Pal Singh 125 223 [71]
9 Mandeep Singh 117 252
10 Gagan Ajit Singh 108 157

Most caps

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Sources:[72][73][74][75]

Position Player Caps
1 Dilip Tirkey 412
2 Dhanraj Pillay 400
3 Manpreet Singh 379
4 PR Sreejesh 336
5 Baljit Singh Dhillon 327
6 Sardara Singh 314
7 Pargat Singh 313
8 Mukesh Kumar 307
9 Baljit Singh Saini 304
10 Vasudevan Bhaskaran 287
11 A. B. Subbaiah 280
12 Ashish Ballal 275
13 S.V. Sunil 264
14 Mandeep Singh 252
15 Prabhjot Singh 250
16 Akashdeep Singh 246
17 Harmanpreet Singh 234
18 V. R. Raghunath 228
19 Rupinder Pal Singh 223

Notable players with most Olympic medals

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Position Player Medals Appearances References
1 Leslie Claudius 4 1948,1952,1956,1960 [76]
2 Udham Singh 4 1952,1956,1960,1964 [77]
3 Dhyan Chand 3 1928,1932,1936 [78]
4 Balbir Singh Sr. 3 1948,1952,1956 [79]
5 Richard Allen 3 1928,1932,1936 [80]
6 Ranganathan Francis 3 1948,1952,1956 [81]
7 Randhir Singh Gentle 3 1948,1952,1956 [82]
8 Prithipal Singh 3 1960,1964,1968 [83]
9 Shankar Laxman 3 1956,1960,1964 [84]
10 Harbinder Singh 3 1964,1968,1972 [85]
11 Haripal Kaushik 2 1956,1964 [86]
12 Surinder Singh Sodhi 1 1980 [87]

Notable players with most goals in Olympic caps

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Sources:[88][89][90][91]

Position Player Appearances Goals
1 Dhyan Chand 12 37
2 Balbir Singh Sr. 8 23
3 Roop Singh Bais 7 22
4 Prithipal Singh 24 22
5 Surinder Singh Sodhi 6 15
6 Udham Singh 14 14

Top goal scorers for India in Olympics by year

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Source:[92][93][94]

Position Player Goals Year
1 Dhyan Chand 14 1928
2 Roop Singh Bais 13 1932
3 Dhyan Chand 11 1936
4 Balbir Singh Sr.
Patrick Jansen 		8 1948
5 Balbir Singh Sr. 9 1952
6 Udham Singh 14 1956
7 Raghbir Singh Bhola 6 1960
8 Prithipal Singh 11 1964
9 Prithipal Singh 7 1968
10 Mukhbain Singh 9 1972
11 Surjit Singh Randhawa 4 1976
12 Surinder Singh Sodhi 15 1980
13 Mervyn Fernandis
Vineet Sharma 		6 1984
14 Mohinder Pal Singh 5 1988
15 Mukesh Kumar 3 1992
16 Ramandeep Singh
Gavin Ferreira 		3 1996
17 Baljit Singh Dhillon Dilip Tirkey 3 2000
18 Gagan Ajit Singh 7 2004
19 Sandeep Singh
Dharamvir Singh 		2 2012
20 Rupinder Pal Singh 3 2016
21 Harmanpreet Singh 6 2020
22 Harmanpreet Singh 10 2024

Top scorers for India in World Cup

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Sources:[95][96]

Position Player Goals Year
1 Rajinder Singh Sr. 12 1982
2 Surjit Singh Randhawa 6 1973
3 Akashdeep Singh 5 2014
4 Mohinder Singh 4 1975

Notable former players

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See also

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Explanatory note

edit

References

edit
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  82. ^ "Randhir Singh Gentle".
  83. ^ "Prithpal Singh".
  84. ^ "Shankar Laxman".
  85. ^ "Harbinder Singh".
  86. ^ "Haripal kaushik".
  87. ^ "Surinder Singh Sodhi Olympedia.com".
  88. ^ "Dhyan Chand www.olympics.com".
  89. ^ "Roop Singh Bias wwww.olympics.com".
  90. ^ "Balbir Singh Dosanjh".
  91. ^ "Surinder Singh Sodhi Olympedia.com".
  92. ^ "Paris 2024 Olympics hockey: Harmanpreet Singh finishes with most goals in men's tournament".
  93. ^ List of Goals scored by Sikh at Olympic Hockey
  94. ^ "Udham SINGH KULLAR".
  95. ^ "1982 FIH Hockey World Cup". 14 December 2022.
  96. ^ "Hockey World Cup: India's top goal scorers of every edition". 11 January 2023.
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