Indian Railways locomotive class WAM-2/3

The Indian locomotive class WAM- 2/3 was a class of 25 kV AC electric locomotives that was imported from Japan in the 1960s for Indian Railways. The model name stands for broad gauge (W), AC Current (A), Mixed traffic (M) locomotive, 2nd generation (2). A total of 38 WAM-2/3 locomotives were built by the Japanese Group (a consortium of Mitsubishi, Hitachi and Toshiba) between 1960 and 1964. They entered service in 1960.

WAM-2/3
Drawing of the locomotive.
Type and origin Power type Electric Builder Mitsubishi, Toshiba, Hitachi Build date 1960–1964 Total produced 38 (36 WAM-2 + 2 WAM-3)
Specifications Configuration: ​  • AAR B-B  • UIC Bo-Bo Gauge 5 ft 6 in (1,676 mm) Bogies 2 axle bogies with fabricated frame and swing bolster, axle hung traction motors Wheel diameter New: 1,120 mm (3 ft 8 in) Half worn: 1,092 mm (3 ft 7 in) Full worn: 1,064 mm (3 ft 6 in) Length 14.600 m (47 ft 10+13⁄16 in) Width 3.152 m (10 ft 4+3⁄32 in) Height 4.165 m (13 ft 7+31⁄32 in) Axle load 19,000 kg (42,000 lb) Loco weight 76,000 kg (168,000 lb) Electric system/s 25 kV 50 Hz AC AC Overhead Current pickup(s) pantograph Traction motors Mitsubishi MB 3045-A (745hp, 725V, 815A, 1000 rpm, weight 2200kg). Loco brake Air Train brakes Vacuum
Performance figures Maximum speed 120 km/h (75 mph) Power output Maximum: 2,910 hp (2,170 kW) Continuous: 2,790 hp (2,081 kW) Tractive effort Starting: 25,240 kgf (247.5 kN; 55,600 lbf)
Career Operators Indian Railways Numbers 20300-20335(WAM-2) 20336 & 20337(WAM-3) Locale ER-SER-NER-NR Disposition Retired

The WAM-2/3 served both passenger and freight trains for over 40 years. As of January 2020, all locomotives have been withdrawn from service and were scrapped.

History

These locomotives were built by a consortium of Mitsubishi, Hitachi and Toshiba (The Japanese Group, as attested by a plaque fixed on their sides) as an alternative to the European-built WAM-1. They were delivered in 1960 and were slightly less powerful than the WAM-1 but had similar Bo-Bo wheel arrangement (4 wheels per bogie) with four Mitsubishi DC traction motors connected to the wheels permanently in parallel through a WN geared drive. The WAM-2 had Ignitron rectifiers just like the WAM-1 but some were later refitted with Excitron rectifiers. Some even had the Mitsubishi logo painted on their sides.

38 locomotives were produced in two batches, with the initial batch of 10 locos having air brakes for the loco and vacuum train brakes, and the second batch of 26 having only vacuum brakes. These have not been retrofitted with air train brakes. Like the WAM-1, they were also used around the ER-SER-NER-NR circuit as it was the first AC electrified area and hauled ordinary passenger and freight trains, and sometimes ran all the way to New Delhi via Kanpur. They were also used double-headed for freight trains. They had four traction motors permanently coupled in parallel are fed by ignitron rectifiers. Speed control is by a tap changer on the input transformer. Mitsubishi transformer, 20 taps. Oerlikon exhaust and compressor, Arno rotary converter. They were based at Asansol Loco Shed of Eastern Railways.

In February 1980, the WAM-2/3 classes had their top speed increased from 100 km/h to 120 km/h by RDSO. This was done for haulage of the Howrah Rajdhani between Howrah and Ghaziabad on the Eastern and Northern railway division respectively. When the Sealdah suburban system was electrified under AC, there was a shortage of AC-voltage electric multiple units, and so on an interim basis some WAM-2 units were used on push-pull rakes (with the WAM-2 sandwiched in the middle) until the supplies were received, and ER also retrofitted DC EMU stock, though the latter largely operated in the HWH division, which required dual-voltage capability.

Circulars at that time said condemnation of aging E locos should be done because the locomotives have achieved their codal life of 35 years. Since they had less than five years of coral life left, the vacuum brake-fitted WAM-2/3 locomotives were never considered for retrofitting with air or dual brakes. The lifespan of certain WAM-2/3 locos could certainly be extended another five years of revenue service since they were in great condition. Instead, orders were in place to rapidly decommission these locos. It happened in such a hurry that not a single WAM-2/WAM-3 locomotive could be preserved or plinthed in process.

Sub Classes

WAM-3

The WAM-3 class consisted of two modified WAM2 locomotives, #20333 and #20337 of the Asansol ASN shed of Eastern Railway. They were rebuilt with their pantographs aligned the other way around (pointing outwards) and fitted with silicon diode rectifiers as permanent feature, thereby increasing their performance and durability, but were identical to the WAM-2 in every other respect. These two were used to haul (then) prestigious trains like the Kalka Mail and Toofan Express to Delhi, but were later relegated to passenger duties and shunting as WAM-4s became common. Both are scrapped now.

WAP-2

Four WAM-2s of Asansol shed were re-geared with the intention of increasing the speed of the class. The Bo-Bo bogies and WN geared drives of the WAM-2 replaced by the WAP-1 Co-Co Flexicoil fabricated bogies and axle hung traction motors respectively,. These ran for quite some time and even hauled the Howrah Rajdhani for some time but were all scrapped in the late 1980s. They are considered a failed experiment.

Locomotive shed

• All locomotives of this classes had been withdrawn from service.

See also

• Rail transport in India
• Indian Railways
• Locomotives of India
• Rail transport in India

External links

• [IRFCA] Indian Railways FAQ: Locomotives—Specific classes : AC Electric
• [IRFCA] Indian Railways FAQ: Diesel and Electric Locomotive Specifications
• 11081 Colour Photographs, Indian Railways