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Indian Mexicans are Mexican citizens who are descendants of migrants from India.
 | |
| Total population | |
|---|---|
| c. 7,000 | |
| Regions with significant populations | |
| Mostly concentrated in urban areas such as: Guadalajara, Mexico City, Monterrey, Cancún, Toluca, Valle de Bravo, Zapopan, Hermosillo, Mexicali, Tijuana, Querétaro, Mérida, Acapulco, Ensenada, Puebla, coastal region of Michoacán | |
| Languages | |
| English, Mexican Spanish, Malayalam, Kannada, Marathi, Punjabi, Tamil, Bengali, Gujarati, Hindi, other Languages of India | |
| Religion | |
| Related ethnic groups | |
| Other Asian Mexicans, Indian diaspora |
History
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Early immigration
editThe first Indians arrived in Mexico during the colonial era. During this period, thousands of Asians arrived via the Manila galleons, some of them as slaves termed chinos or indios chinos (literally "Chinese", regardless of actual ethnicity). The first record of an Asian in Mexico is from 1540; an enslaved cook originating from Calicut.[1] The best known "china" was Catarina de San Juan, a girl captured by Portuguese slave traders in Cochin.
In 1923, immigration of ethnic Indians was secretly prohibited.[2] The ban was kept confidential in order to avoid diplomatic problems with the British Empire. This ban, along with similar bans based on ethnicity, was eliminated by a 1947 law that prohibited racial discrimination.[2]
Modern status
editMost of the Indians in Mexico are recent arrivals in the country and most of them have settled in Guadalajara and Mexico City. Mexico has a non-discriminatory policy with regard to the grant of its citizenship. The spouse of a Mexican national would generally not face any problem in acquiring local citizenship. Although a few of the NRIs have married Mexicans, they have retained their Indian citizenship.
The Indians in this country are mainly businessmen or professionals. Many of them work with one or other international organization or a multinational corporation. There are also some academicians and scientists among them. They have helped to bring about greater mutual understanding between India and their host country. Some of the Indians work for "ISPAT Mexicana" which is part of the Laxmi Mittal group, well known in this region for having turned around a sinking steel company in Lázaro Cárdenas. TATA Consulting also has a huge investment with offices in Guadalajara. The Indian presence in Mexico has been greatly appreciated as fifty other business ventures have invested around US$1.58 billion in the country around 1994 to 2000.
According to the Indian Ministry of External Affairs, there were about 2,000 Indians living in Mexico as of March 2011.[3] In December 2018, the ministry estimated there are about 6,500 people of Indian descent.[4] In 2020, there were 2,656 people from Indian origin in Mexico, according to the Censo General de Población y Vivienda, by the National Institute of Statistics and Geography.[5]
Indian culture in Mexico
editReligion
editThe main Indian community organisation is the Indian Women's Association of Mexico (IWAM) in Mexico City. It celebrates important festivals and organises cultural programmes. A Sai Baba temple, a Vaishnav temple and a Gurudwara have also been constructed by Sangam Organisation in Mexico City.
In Tijuana, Hinduism is practiced in diverse ways among both Indian-origin Hindus and local converts. Some cross over to San Diego to access religious products and Hindu temples, while others practice at home with small altars. This adaptability allows them to adjust rituals to new realities, influencing gender roles and relationships with their countries of origin and residence.[5]
Sport
editIndian and British diaspora members have been noted for re-establishing cricket in Mexico in modern times.[6]
Notable individuals
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- Manabendra Nath Roy – Founder of the Mexican Communist Party
- Rajagopal – Expert in business and marketing at Tec de Monterrey
- Sanjaya Rajaram – Agronomist and creator of 480 types of wheat
- Ravi Prakash Singh
- Babaji Singh – Mexican Sikh credited with translating the Guru Granth Sahib into Spanish
- Pandurang Sadashiv Khankhoje – One of the founding fathers of the Ghadar Party
- Catarina de San Juan (Mirra) – Girl brought to colonial Mexico as a slave; the "China Poblana"
See also
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References
edit- ^ Oropeza Keresey, Déborah. "La esclavitud asiática en el virreinato de la Nueva España, 1565-1673". Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo. Retrieved 19 December 2016.
- ^ a b FitzGerald, David Scott; Cook-Martín, David (2014). Culling the Masses. Harvard University Press. p. 220. ISBN 978-0674729049. Retrieved 24 December 2015.
- ^ "India-Mexico Relations". Indian Ministry of External Affairs. Archived from the original on 21 July 2011.
- ^ "Population of Overseas Indians" (PDF). Ministry of External Affairs (India). 31 December 2018. Retrieved 15 January 2021.
- ^ a b López Olivares, Lucero Jazmín; Odgers Ortiz, Olga (October 2022). "Altares domésticos hindúes en Tijuana: un acercamiento a la recreación de la religiosidad en cuatro familias originarias de India". Revista de Estudios Sociales (in Spanish) (82): 79–100. doi:10.7440/res82.2022.05. ISSN 0123-885X.
- ^ "Cricket fans in Mexico hope to boost the sport and add teams". AP News. 2024-06-26. Retrieved 2024-10-22.
