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2019 Indonesian general election

(Redirected from Indonesian legislative election, 2019)

General elections were held in Indonesia on 17 April 2019.[1][2] For the first time in the country's history, the president, the vice president, members of the People's Consultative Assembly (MPR), and members of local legislative bodies were elected on the same day with over 190 million eligible voters. Sixteen parties participated in the elections nationally, including four new parties.

2019 Indonesian general election
17 April 2019
Presidential election
← 2014
2024 →
Registered192,770,611 (Decrease 0.61%)
Turnout81.97% (Increase 12.39pp)
 
Candidate Joko Widodo Prabowo Subianto
Party PDI-P Gerindra
Alliance Onward Indonesia[a] Just and Prosperous Indonesia[b]
Running mate Ma'ruf Amin Sandiaga Uno
Popular vote 85,607,362 68,650,239
Percentage 55.50% 44.50%
President before election

Joko Widodo
PDI-P

Elected President

Joko Widodo
PDI-P

Legislative election
← 2014
2024 →
All 575 seats in the House of Representatives
288 seats needed for a majority
Turnout81.69% (Increase 7.16pp)
Party Leader Vote % Seats +/–
PDI-P Megawati Sukarnoputri 19.33 128 +19
Gerindra Prabowo Subianto 12.57 78 +5
Golkar Airlangga Hartarto 12.31 85 −6
PKB Muhaimin Iskandar 9.69 58 +11
NasDem Surya Paloh 9.05 59 +24
PKS Sohibul Iman 8.21 50 +10
Demokrat Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono 7.77 54 −7
PAN Zulkifli Hasan 6.84 44 −5
PPP Suharso Monoarfa 4.52 19 −20
This lists parties that won seats. See the complete results below.
Results by electoral district
Speaker before Speaker after
Bambang Soesatyo
Golkar		 Puan Maharani
PDI-P

The presidential election, the fourth in the country's history, used a direct, simple majority system, with incumbent president Joko Widodo, known as Jokowi, running for re-election with senior Muslim cleric Ma'ruf Amin as his running mate against former general Prabowo Subianto and former Jakarta vice governor Sandiaga Uno for a five-year term between 2019 and 2024. The election was a rematch of the 2014 presidential election, in which Jokowi defeated Prabowo. The legislative election, which was the 12th such election for Indonesia, saw over 240,000 candidates competing for over 20,000 seats in the MPR and local councils for provinces and cities/regencies, with over 8,000 competing for the People's Representative Council (DPR) seats alone. The election was described as "one of the most complicated single-day ballots in global history."[3] Jokowi's 85.6 million votes were the most votes cast for a single candidate in any democratic election in Indonesia's history, exceeding the record of his predecessor Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, who won 73.8 million votes in 2009.[4] His successor Prabowo Subianto surpassed his record in the 2024 election winning with more than 96 million votes.

On 21 May 2019, the General Elections Commission (KPU) declared Jokowi victorious in the presidential election, with over 55% of the vote. Widodo's PDI-P finished first in the DPR election with 19.33%, followed by Prabowo's Gerindra with 12.57%, then Golkar with 12.31%, the National Awakening Party (PKB) with 9.69%, the NasDem Party with 9.05%, and the Prosperous Justice Party (PKS) with 8.21%.

Following the election, reports of the more than 7 million election workers, among which 569 had died during the lengthy voting and counting process, surfaced. Prabowo's campaign team claimed that the deaths were linked to fraud that disadvantaged him.[5] As of 9 May 2019, the election commission (KPU) said the dead included 456 election officers, 91 supervisory agents and 22 police officers.[6]

In the early morning of 22 May 2019, supporters of Prabowo protested in Jakarta against Jokowi's victory. The protest turned into a riot, which left eight people killed by security officers and over 600 injured.[7]

Background

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Main article: Elections in Indonesia

Elections in Indonesia were previously held separately, with a 2008 elections law regulating that presidential and legislative elections be held at least three months apart from one another. Following a 2013 Constitutional Court lawsuit, however, it was decided that the 2019 elections – which would have been the 12th legislative election and the 4th presidential election – would be held simultaneously. The stated intent of the simultaneous election was to reduce associated costs and minimize transactional politics, in addition to increasing voter turnout.[8][9]

In the 2014 presidential election, Jakarta governor Joko Widodo defeated former general Prabowo Subianto to become the seventh President of Indonesia. Despite initially having a minority government, Jokowi later managed to secure the support of Golkar and the United Development Party, giving him control of the legislature.[10][11] In the legislative elections of the same year, former opposition party PDI-P managed to secure the largest share in the DPR, ahead of Golkar and Gerindra.[12]

Despite plans to introduce electronic voting, the DPR in March 2017 announced it would not mandate e-voting in the 2019 elections because of hacking fears and because of the lack of nationwide internet coverage.[13] On 7 April 2017, the KPU, the General Election Supervisory Agency (Bawaslu) and the Ministry of Home Affairs held a meeting with the People's Representative Council's special committee to deliberate a draft law concerning the 2019 elections.[14] The Chairman of the House special committee deliberating the bill, Lukman Edy, announced on 25 April 2017 that Wednesday, 17 April 2019, had been agreed upon as the date for the elections.[15]

Nominations of candidates for the national and regional legislatures as well as candidates for president and vice president were completed in September 2018. The campaign period was from 13 October 2018 to 13 April 2019 followed by a three-day election silence before the voting day on 17 April. The final results were planned to be announced on 22 May, while the inauguration of the president and vice president was scheduled for 20 October 2019.[16]

Electoral system

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Further information: Indonesian electoral law of 2017
 
Election workers wearing traditional Minang wedding costumes at a polling station in Pariaman City, West Sumatra

The election was regulated by Law No. 7 of 2017.[17][18] The KPU, a legally independent government body was responsible for organizing the election.[19] In addition, the vote was monitored by the Bawaslu, which also had the authority to rule on violations of election rules (e.g. administrative errors, vote-buying, etc.).[20] Any ethical violations committed by either Bawaslu or the KPU were to be handled by the Elections Organizer Honor Council (Dewan Kehormatan Penyelenggara Pemilu DKPP), which consists of one member from each body and five others recommended by the government.[21]

Voters were given five ballot papers:[c] for the president and vice president, Regional Representative Council (DPD), People's Representative Council (DPR), provincial council, and regency/municipal council (DPRD Provinsi and DPRD Kabupaten/Kota) members.[24] Voters used a nail to poke a hole in the ballot paper indicating which party or candidate they wish to vote for,[25] and then dip their fingers in ink as a precaution against voter fraud.[26] Tabulation of the votes was done manually on paper.[27] The KPU is legally required to announce the results of the election within 35 days of the vote, i.e., before 22 May 2019.[28]

Presidential vote

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  • Left: A sample ballot paper for the presidential election
  • Right: List of legislative candidates from North Sumatra's 1st electoral district

To run for the presidency, a candidate had to be supported by political parties totalling 20% of the seats in the DPR or 25% of the popular vote in the previous legislative election.[17][18]:Art. 222 Political parties were allowed to remain neutral if they were unable to propose their own candidate. However, if a neutral party(s) was able to endorse their own candidate, they were required to do so, or face being barred from participating in the next election.[18]:Art. 235[29]

The voting procedure followed a two-round system, with voters simply choosing one of the candidate pairs. A winning candidate was required to win a majority and at least 20% of the votes in over half of Indonesia's provinces. If no candidate pairs had fulfilled the criterion, the election would have to be repeated with a maximum of two participants.[18]:Art. 416

Legislative vote

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Further information: List of Indonesian national electoral districts

Members of both the DPR and the Regional People's Representative Councils (DPRD) were elected from multi-member electoral districts through voting with an open list system,[18][30] and seat distribution is done with the Sainte-Laguë method in contrast to previous elections which utilised the Hare quota.[31] There was a gender quota requiring at least 30% of registered candidates to be female.[32]

A 4% parliamentary threshold was set for parties to be represented in the DPR, though candidates could still win seats in the regional councils provided they won sufficient votes.[30][33] There were 575 DPR seats contested – up from 560 in 2014.[30] Nationally, there were 80 DPR electoral districts, with 272 provincial and 2,206 municipal electoral districts.[34] Candidates for the DPD were not allowed to be members of a political party. Four members were elected for each province – a total of 136.[35]

Voters

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A voting station in Samarinda, East Kalimantan.
 
Postal voting documents sent to an Indonesian voter in the United Kingdom.

The voting age for the election is 17, or less if already married.[36] In practice, the Marriage Law 16 of 2019 raised the minimum age of marriage for women from 16 to 19 (in line with men), unless given a dispensation by the Indonesian Supreme Court.[37] This means there will be, by 2024, practically no-one under the age of 17 qualified to vote, despite this being allowed for under election Law. Indonesians living overseas could vote in either the embassies and consulates, mobile polling stations, or by post, with the voting taking place on 8–14 April.[38]

On 5 September 2018, the KPU announced there were 187 million registered voters – 185,732,093 in Indonesia and 2,049,791 voting abroad. They were to vote at 805,075 polling stations in Indonesia, with mail-in votes and 620 polling stations outside the country.[39] A large number of polling stations (which was updated in April 2019 to 810,329)[40] meant that there was an average of 200 voters per station, compared to 600 in the 2014 election.[41] Around 17 million people are involved in some way in running the election, including the election officers, polling station guards, and registered witnesses from the candidates and parties.[26]

Later on, 670,000 names were removed following complaints of duplicates in the voter registry, lowering the total voter count to around 187.1 million.[42] Further investigations resulted in over 1 million duplicate voters discovered in Papua alone in October, out of the initial voter registry of 3 million.[43] Bawaslu commissioners in early September estimated that there would be around 2 million duplicate voters,[44] while opposition party Gerindra stated that they only had 137 million voters in their internal registry, and claimed that they found 25 million duplicate names in the registry.[45] The figure was later updated to 192.8 million voters, including 2 million overseas.[46]

Due to various logistical issues, namely with the distribution of ballot papers, 2,249 polling stations had to conduct follow-up voting.[47] A repeat vote was also recommended in the Kuala Lumpur embassy due to suspected voter fraud and a follow-up election in Sydney due to the voting station there closing early.[48]

Contesting parties

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A total of 27 political parties registered with the KPU to run in the election.[49] On 17 February 2018, the KPU announced that 14 parties had passed the verification precedes and would be eligible to contest the legislative election. The PBB subsequently appealed to the Bawaslu, which ruled it could participate, making a total of 15 parties.[50][51] The PKPI's appeal to Bawaslu was rejected, but an 11 April ruling by the National Administrative Court (Pengadilan Tata Usaha Negara) decreed that the party was eligible to contest in the election.[52] A further four parties contested in Aceh only.[53]

Ballot
number		 English name Indonesian name Leader Ideology
1 National Awakening Party Partai Kebangkitan Bangsa (PKB) Muhaimin Iskandar Pluralism
2 Gerindra Party Partai Gerakan Indonesia Raya (Gerindra) Prabowo Subianto Right-wing populism
3 Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle Partai Demokrasi Indonesia Perjuangan (PDI-P) Megawati Sukarnoputri Marhaenism
4 Golkar Partai Golongan Karya Airlangga Hartarto Developmentalism
5 NasDem Party Partai NasDem Surya Paloh Liberalism
6 Garuda Party Partai Gerakan Perubahan Indonesia (Partai Garuda) Ahmad Ridha Sabana Centrism
7 Berkarya Party Partai Berkarya Tommy Suharto New order revivalism
8 Prosperous Justice Party Partai Keadilan Sejahtera (PKS) Sohibul Iman Post-Islamism
9 Perindo Party Partai Persatuan Indonesia (Perindo) Hary Tanoesoedibjo Populism
10 United Development Party Partai Persatuan Pembangunan (PPP) Suharso Monoarfa Religious pluralism
11 Indonesian Solidarity Party Partai Solidaritas Indonesia (PSI) Grace Natalie Progressivism
12 National Mandate Party Partai Amanat Nasional (PAN) Zulkifli Hasan Religious nationalism
13 People's Conscience Party Partai Hati Nurani Rakyat (Hanura) Oesman Sapta Odang Centrism
14 Democratic Party Partai Demokrat Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono Centrism
19[d] Crescent Star Party Partai Bulan Bintang (PBB) Yusril Ihza Mahendra Islamism
20 Indonesian Justice and Unity Party Partai Keadilan dan Persatuan Indonesia (PKPI) Diaz Hendropriyono Centrism

The four Aceh local parties were:[55]

Ballot
number		 English name Indonesian name Leader
15 Aceh Party Partai Aceh Muzakir Manaf
16 Independent Voice of the Acehnese Party Partai Suara Independen Rakyat Aceh Muhammad Nazar
17 Aceh Regional Party Partai Daerah Aceh Jamaluddin Thaib
18 Aceh Nanggroe Party Partai Nanggroe Aceh Irwandi Yusuf

Presidential election

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Candidates

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In July 2017, the People's Representative Council (DPR) confirmed that only parties or coalitions with at least 20% of seats in the legislature, or 25% of votes in the previous election, would be eligible to submit a presidential candidate.[56] Requirements for presidential/vice-presidential candidates were similar, with only either Indonesia-born lifelong Indonesian citizens or naturalised citizens who were born abroad and obtained foreign citizenship outside their own will being eligible to run with a minimum age of 40 and a requirement to "have a belief in the One and Only God". If the candidates had spouses, they also had to be Indonesian citizens. A criminal record resulting in over five years of incarceration or an active bankruptcy bar a candidate from running. A term limit of two terms prevented incumbent Vice President Jusuf Kalla from running as a vice-presidential candidate.[57][18]:Art. 169

Except for the PAN, all parties in the government coalition supported a second term for Jokowi.[58] In total, nine parties running in the legislative election supported Jokowi, with the coalition having met formally by May 2018. Of those nine parties, Perindo and PSI were participating for the first time.[59] Shortly after Ma'ruf was declared as Jokowi's VP candidate, Jokowi's coalition member party PPP leader Muhammad Romahurmuziy stated that the coalition, dubbed Koalisi Indonesia Kerja (lit. "Working Indonesia Coalition"),[60] was final, and would not accept any more parties.[61] In total, the coalition gained over 62% of the votes during the 2014 legislative election and controlled 337 of 560 DPR seats.

Aside from Gerindra, parties backing Prabowo did not confirm their support until late: PAN and PKS on 9 August 2018,[58][62] Demokrat and Berkarya on 10 August,[63][64] the registration day, though the coalition had existed prior.[65] PAN withdrew from the government coalition, resulting in the resignation of bureaucratic reform minister and PAN member Asman Abnur.[66] The pro-Prabowo coalition was named Koalisi Indonesia Adil Makmur (lit. "Just and Prosperous Indonesia Coalition").[67] There are five parties in the coalition – including Berkarya, a new party[68] – which won 36% of the 2014 legislative vote and holds 223 of 560 DPR seats.

Two parties – PBB (participated in the 2014 election, but did not gain a national legislature seat) and the Garuda Party (a new party) – initially did not endorse either candidate. The latter's secretary Abdullah Mansyuri stated the party was focusing on the legislative elections, while PBB chairman Yusril Ihza Mahendra said neither Jokowi nor Prabowo's camp invited PBB.[69][70] Later on, however, he would join Jokowi's campaign team as its lawyer.[71] On 27 January 2019, PBB officially endorsed Jokowi.[72] The Aceh Nanggroe Party – which held 3 of the 81 seats in Aceh's provincial council – also endorsed Jokowi in January 2019.[73]

Registration for presidential candidates was opened between 4 and 10 August 2018 at the KPU head office in Jakarta.[74] Neither candidate declared their vice presidential pick until 9 August 2018. Both picks were considered "surprising", with Jokowi selecting senior cleric and politician Ma'ruf Amin despite early reports that former Chief Justice of the Constitutional Court Mahfud MD would be selected. Prabowo's last-minute selection of businessman and Jakarta vice-governor Sandiaga Uno – close to midnight on that day – was also unexpected. Sandiaga was not mentioned in the early phases of the selection.[75][76]

Known as Party English name Supporting DPR seats (2014) DPR seats % (2014) Legislative votes % (2014)
PDI-P Partai Demokrasi Indonesia Perjuangan Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle Nominee: Joko Widodo (PDI-P)
Running mate: Ma'ruf Amin (Independent)		 Majority coalition:
PDI-P/Golkar/PPP/
Hanura/NasDem/PKB
337 / 560
 60.36% 63.62%
Golkar Partai Golongan Karya Golkar
PPP Partai Persatuan Pembangunan United Development Party
Hanura Partai Hati Nurani Rakyat People's Conscience Party
NasDem Partai NasDem NasDem Party
PKB Partai Kebangkitan Bangsa National Awakening Party
PBB Partai Bulan Bintang Crescent Star Party
PKPI Partai Keadilan dan Persatuan Indonesia Indonesian Justice and Unity Party
Perindo Partai Persatuan Indonesia Perindo Party
PSI Partai Solidaritas Indonesia Indonesian Solidarity Party
Gerindra Partai Gerakan Indonesia Raya Gerindra Party Nominee: Prabowo Subianto (Gerindra)
Running mate: Sandiaga Uno (Gerindra, later Independent)[77]		 Minority coalition:
Gerindra/PKS/PAN/Demokrat
223 / 560
 39.64% 36.38%
PKS Partai Keadilan Sejahtera Prosperous Justice Party
PAN Partai Amanat Nasional National Mandate Party
Demokrat Partai Demokrat Democratic Party[e]
Berkarya Partai Berkarya Berkarya Party

Nominees

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Potential candidates

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Other individuals who expressed an intent, received political support, or were touted as prospective presidential candidates included son of former president Yudhoyono and 2017 Jakarta gubernatorial candidate Agus Harimurti Yudhoyono,[79][80] former MPR Speaker Amien Rais,[81][82] Governor of Jakarta and former minister of education and culture Anies Baswedan,[83][84] all of whom subsequently endorsed Prabowo, and incumbent Vice President of Indonesia Jusuf Kalla, who later expressed support for Jokowi.[85][86]

Campaigns

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Main articles: Joko Widodo 2019 presidential campaign and Prabowo Subianto 2019 presidential campaign

The official campaigning period lasted around six months, starting with a "peaceful campaign" declaration on 23 September 2018, and the final day on 13 April 2019.[87] Before the start of the campaign, both parties submitted their campaign teams to the KPU; Jokowi's being led by businessman Erick Thohir while Prabowo's was led by former Indonesian National Armed Forces commander Djoko Santoso.[88]

Debates

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Election countdown at Selamat Datang Monument.
 
Presidential voting ballot sent by mail for Indonesian diaspora. The ballot is punched at section 01, in favour of Joko Widodo.

The KPU scheduled five debates to be held in 2019, the same number as in 2014. DPR member and PAN Central Committee chairman Yandri Susanto proposed that the debates be held in English, but the KPU decided that the debates would be held in Indonesian.[89][90] The debate questions from the KPU were provided in advance to the candidates. The Prabowo campaign team criticised it as belittling the candidates.[91]

The first debate held on 17 January 2019, focused on legal, human rights, terrorism and corruption issues, and was moderated by Ira Koesno and Imam Priyono.[92] Both candidates described their visions during the early stages. Jokowi admitted the difficulty of solving old human rights cases and promising to strengthen law enforcement institutions. Prabowo shared this sentiment and called for an increase in the salaries of civil servants to reduce corruption.[93]

The second debate was held on 17 February 2019, with topics covering energy, food, infrastructure, natural resources and the environment, and was moderated by news presenters Anisha Dasuki and Tommy Tjokro.[94] This time, both candidates utilised more numbers and statistics. In one segment, Jokowi questioned Prabowo on his stance about unicorn companies, briefly confusing Prabowo and led to internet memes related to the animal unicorn.[95] On the topic of agrarian land reform, Jokowi pointed out Prabowo's ownership of 340,000 hectares (840,000 acres) of land.[96] Prabowo stated that he held the land under cultivation rights instead of full ownership and was willing to return it to the state.[97][98]

The third debate, involving the vice-presidential candidates, covered education, health, labour, social affairs and culture, and was held on 17 March 2019.[99] On 30 March 2019, the fourth debate was held, which was centred around defence and foreign policy.[100] The fifth and final debate was held on 13 April 2019 and focused on economics, public welfare, industry, trade and investment.[101]

Social media

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With millennials making up around two-fifths of Indonesia's population, there were significant efforts by both sides to appeal to the age group.[102] One example of a major social media-centred campaign, dubbed #2019GantiPresiden emerged, initiated by PKS politician Mardani Ali Sera. It included holding rallies in multiple cities until they were disallowed following clashes with Jokowi supporters.[103]

Before the campaign period began, observers had expected rampant hoaxes and fake news coming through social media and WhatsApp. One observer noted that the government was limited in its impact in handling the issue, as it may be framed as favouring the incumbent.[104][105] One particular case involved activist and Prabowo campaigner Ratna Sarumpaet. She falsely claimed to have been assaulted, initially causing many prominent opposition politicians to voice support. However, she admitted that she had lied following a police investigation. She was prosecuted as a result and forced to resign from the campaign team, and Prabowo personally apologised for spreading the hoax.[106] Both sides formed dedicated anti-hoax groups to counterattacks on social media,[87][107] with the Indonesian government holding weekly fake news briefings.[108]

Amid public apathy toward mainstream parties and candidates, a pairing of spoof candidates, "Nurhadi-Aldo" (abbreviated as dildo), gained popularity on social media, with 400,000 Instagram followers within the first month of its creation. The account parodied typical political aesthetics and utilised vulgar acronyms.[109]

Finances

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On 23 September, both campaign teams submitted an initial budget. Jokowi's campaign team reported an initial balance of Rp 11.9 billion and Prabowo's team Rp 2 billion. Indonesia Corruption Watch observers deemed the initial numbers "unrealistic" (Jokowi's team spent Rp 293 billion in 2014, while Prabowo's spent Rp 166 billion). Representatives from both teams responded that the balance was just an initial balance, and would increase throughout the campaigning period.[110]

For the Prabowo Subianto campaign, in particular, Uno paid for the majority of campaign fees, with his contribution comprising 70% of the reported campaign funds (Rp 95.4 billion out of Rp 135 billion). Uno stated in an interview with Bloomberg that he spent around US$100 million on the election.[111]

Endorsements

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Main article: Endorsements in the 2019 Indonesian presidential election

Polls

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By late 2018, Jokowi was ahead of Prabowo in most surveys.[112][113] The table below gives detailed survey results from a variety of organizations.

Polls conducted after nominations
Polling organization Date Sample size Jokowi Prabowo
Charta Politika 5–10 April 2019 2,000 55.7 38.8
SMRC 5–8 April 2019 2,285 56.8 37.0
LSI 18–26 March 2019 1,200 60 40
SMRC 24 February-5 March 2019 2,479 57.6 31.8
Kompas 22 February-5 March 2019 2,000 49.2 37.4
LSI 18–25 January 2019 1,200 54.8 31.0
Median 6–15 January 2019 1,500 47.9 38.7
Charta Politika 22 December 2018 – 2 January 2019 2,000 53.2 34.1
LSI 10–19 November 2018 1,200 53.2 31.2
Median 4–16 November 2018 1,200 47.7 35.5
Kompas 24 September-5 October 2018 1,200 52.6 32.7
SMRC 7–24 September 2018 1,074 60.4 29.8
Indikator 1–6 September 2018 1,220 57.7 32.3
Y-Publica 13–23 August 2018 1,200 52.7 28.6
LSI 12–19 August 2018 1,200 52.2 29.5
Alvara 12–18 August 2018 1,500 53.5 35.2

NOTE: See warning above

Polls conducted before nominations
Polling organization Date Sample size Jokowi Prabowo JK Nurmantyo AHY Anies Ahok Tanoesoedibjo Hasan Muhaimin
RTK 23 July-1 Aug 2018 1,610 42.5 21.3 0.4 1.6 3.1 0.8 – 0.4 0.2 1.8
Median 19 April-5 May 2018 2,100 35.70 22.60 – 6.80 – 5.20 – – – –
Median (head to head) 19 April-5 May 2018 2,100 58.20 26.60 – – – – – – – –
Polcomm 3–6 May 2018 1,200 36.42 27.17 – 4.92 – 4.33 – – 3.5 2.5
IDM (head to head) 28 Apr – 8 May 2018 2,450 29.8 50.1 – – – – – – – –
IDM 28 Apr – 8 May 2018 2,450 26.4 40.1 – 8.2 6.3 – – – – –
RTK 21 Apr – 21 May 2018 1,610 38.5 20.5 – 1.6 2.7 – – 0.9 – –
Indo Barometer 15–22 Apr 2018 2,000 40.7 19.7 1.2 2.7 2.0 2.4 0.9 1.0 0.3 0.5
Charta Politika 13–19 Apr 2018 2,000 51.2 23.3 2.0 5.5 2.7 3.4 – – – 0.6
INES 12 – 28 April 2018 2,180 27.7 50.2 – 7.4 – – – – – –
Cyrus 27 March-3 April 2018 1,230 56.7 19.8 1.6 3.2 2.1 1.6 – 2.2 – –
Median 24 March-6 April 2018 1,200 36.2 20.4 4.3 7.0 1.8 2.0 – 1.6 – –
Kompas 21 March-1 April 2018 1,200 55.9 14.1 – 1.8 – – – – – –
KedaiKOPI 19–27 March 2018 1,135 48.3 21.5 – 2.1 1.1 1.1 – 0.5 – –
Populi Center 7–16 February 2018 1,200 64.3 25.3 – – – – – – – –
Median 1–9 February 2018 1,000 35.0 21.2 – 5.5 3.3 4.5 – – – –
Poltracking 27 January-3 February 2018 1,200 45.4 19.8 0.5 0.3 0.8 0.6 – 0.3 – –
Indo Barometer 23–30 January 2018 1,200 32.7 19.1 2.1 2.7 2.5 2.5 2.9 0.8 – –
SMRC 7–13 December 2017 1,220 38.9 10.5 0.9 1.2 – 1.7 – 1.3 – –
PolMark[permanent dead link‍] 13–25 November 2017 2,600 50.2 22.0 0.7 2.0 4.8 4.5 – 1.6 – –
Indo Barometer 15–23 November 2017 1,200 34.9 12.1 – 3.2 2.5 3.6 3.3 – – –
Poltracking 8–15 November 2017 2,400 41.5 18.2 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.5 – – – –
Populi Center 19–26 October 2017 1,200 49.4 21.7 0.4 2.0 – 0.7 – 0.7 – –
PolMark 22 October 2017 2,250 41.2 21 – – 2.9 – – – – –
Median 2 October 2017 1,000 36.2 23.2 2.6 2.8 – 4.4 – – – –
Indikator 17–24 September 2017 1,220 34.2 11.5 – 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.5 1 – –
SMRC 3–10 September 2017 1,220 38.9 12 0.8 0.3 0.3 0.9 0.8 0.6 – –
SMRC 14–20 May 2017 1,500 53.7 37.2 – – – – – – – –
SMRC 14–20 May 2017 1,500 34.1 17.2 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.9 1.1 – –
Kompas April 2017 41.6 22.1 – – – – – – – –

NOTE: See warning above

Legislative election

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Voters receiving ballots for the election.
 
Voters casting their choice for the election. Voters had wait for several minutes for their name to be called before voting.

Contested seats

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Legislative elections in Indonesia: April 2019[114]
Level Institution Seats contested Change from 2014
National People's Representative Council
Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat (DPR) 		575  15
National Regional Representative Council
Dewan Perwakilan Daerah (DPD) 		136  4[f]
Provincial
Provinsi 		Provincial People's Regional Representative Council
Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah Provinsi (DPRD I) 		2,207  95
Regency/Municipal
Kabupaten/Kota 		Regency/Municipal People's Regional Representative Council
Dewan Perwakilian Rakyat Daerah Kabupaten/Kota (DPRD II) 		17,340[116]  445
Total 20,258  829
 
A list of candidates for the DPD, from the Special Region of Jakarta constituency.

Candidates

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All legislative candidates had to be Indonesian citizens, over 21 years old, senior high school (or equivalent) graduates, and have never been convicted for a crime resulting in a sentence of 5 years or more. In addition, the candidates for the People's Representative Council (DPR) or local legislatures had to be endorsed by a political party and were required to resign from their non-legislative government offices – except for the president and vice president – or their state-owned company positions. Legislators running for reelection or another body through a new political party were also required to resign.[117]

For the DPR, there were 7,968 candidates – 4,774 male and 3,194 female – contesting the 575 seats for an average of 13.86 candidates per seat available. Just three parties – NasDem, PAN and PKB – used their entire quota of 575 candidates, with the PKPI registering only 137 candidates.[118] Formappi, an NGO, found that 529 out of 560 (94%) incumbent DPR members were running for reelection.[119]

The election for DPD members required candidates to be a non-partisan, with a total of 807 candidates competing for the 136 seats. The incumbent speaker, Oesman Sapta Odang, was briefly removed from the candidacy list for not resigning from Hanura, though he was restored when he submitted a resignation letter. Although all provinces were allocated four seats, the number of candidates varied from 10 for West Papua to 49 for West Java.[35][120] Approximately 245,000 candidates were running for all legislative seats across the country.[121] For example, 1,586 candidates were approved to run for the 120-seat West Java Provincial Council alone.[122]

Details for DPR candidate numbers[123]
Ballot No.
 Party Districts Candidates Male Female
1 National Awakening Party PKB 80 575 355 220
2 Gerindra Party Gerindra 79 569 360 209
3 Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle PDIP 80 573 358 215
4 Party of the Functional Groups Golkar 80 574 357 217
5 National Democratic Party NasDem 80 575 354 221
6 Garuda Party Garuda 80 225 115 110
7 Berkarya Party Berkarya 80 554 341 213
8 Prosperous Justice Party PKS 80 533 321 212
9 Indonesian Unity Party Perindo 80 568 347 221
10 United Development Party PPP 80 554 321 233
11 Indonesian Solidarity Party PSI 80 574 300 274
12 National Mandate Party PAN 80 575 356 219
13 People's Conscience Party Hanura 79 427 250 177
14 Democratic Party Demokrat 80 573 350 223
19 Crescent Star Party PBB 80 382 228 154
20 Indonesian Justice and Unity Party PKPI 61 137 61 76

Finances

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The political parties, like the presidential candidates, were required to submit their campaign budgets to the KPU. Aside from donations from sympathizers and members, the parties which participated in the 2014 election also receive money from the government amounting to Rp 1,000 (US$0.071) per vote received.[124][125] By January 2019, the national political parties have collectively reported campaign donations totalling Rp 445 billion (US$31.6 million).[126]

Polls

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NOTE: The accuracy of political surveys in Indonesia varies significantly, with some having little transparency. It should also be noted that some agencies also act as political consultants and surveys are often paid for by candidates.[127] Caution should hence be exercised in using the polling data below.

Polls for the 2019 Indonesian legislative election
Pollster Date Sample size PDI-P Golkar Gerindra Demokrat PKB PKS PAN PPP Hanura NasDem PBB Perindo PSI Berkarya Garuda PKPI
Cyrus 27 March-2 April 2019 1,230 27.9 11.4 16.7 5.5 8.0 5.1 3.7 3.2 1.2 3.7 – – – – – –
LSI 18–26 March 2019 1,200 24.6 11.8 13.4 5.9 5.8 3.9 3.1 2.9 0.9 2.5 0.2 3.9 0.2 0.7 0.1 0.1
Charta Politika 1–9 March 2019 2,000 24.8 9.8 15.7 5.1 7.2 4.1 3.2 3.6 0.8 4.9 0.4 1.3 1.4 0.4 0.2 0.3
Kompas 22 February-5 March 2019 2,000 26.9 9.4 17 4.6 6.8 4.5 2.9 2.7 0.9 2.6 0.4 1.5 0.9 0.5 0.2 0.2
LSI 18–25 January 2019 1,200 23.7 11.3 14.6 5.4 8.2 4 1.5 3.5 0.5 4.5 - 3.6 0.4 0.1 0.3 -
Charta Politika 22 December 2018 – 2 January 2019 2,000 25.2 9.0 15.2 4.5 8.1 4.2 2.6 4.3 0.6 5.3 0.4 2.7 - - - 0.1
Kompas 24 September-5 October 2018 1,200 29.90 6.20 16.00 4.80 6.30 3.30 2.30 3.20 1.00 3.60 0.40 1.50 0.40 0.40 0.30 0.10
Median 19 April–5 May 2018 1,200 26.00 8.80 16.50 8.60 8.70 3.00 3.40 2.80 0.70 2.70 0.20 3.50 0.30 0.20 – 0.20
Polcomm 3–6 May 2018 1,200 22.92 7.92 17.5 6.17 3.42 2.83 3.25 1.17 0.58 1.75 0.42 1.75 0.33 – – –
LSI 28 Apr–5 May 2018 1,200 21.7 15.3 14.7 5.8 6.2 2.2 2.5 1.8 0.7 2.3 0.4 2.3 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.1
Charta Politika 13–19 Apr 2018 2,000 24.9 11 12.3 5 7 3.5 2.8 3.8 0.6 3.6 0.7 4.0 0.2 – 0.2 –
Cyrus 27 Mar–3 Apr 2018 1,239 26.9 11.5 11.5 5.0 7.3 3.5 1.5 4.3 1.0 3.3 0.2 4.3 0.3 0.8 0.3 –
Indikator 25–31 Mar 2018 1,200 27.7 8.0 11.4 6.6 5.8 4.0 1.9 3.5 0.5 2.7 0.3 4.6 0.2 0.3 0.7 –
Median 24 Mar–6 Apr 2018 1,200 21.1 9.3 15 8.1 8.5 2.9 2 3.6 0.7 2.4 – – – – – –
Kompas 21 Mar–1 Apr 2018 1,200 33.3 7.2 10.9 2.8 4.9 2.4 1.3 2.2 – 2.5 – 1.5 – – – –
Poltracking[permanent dead link‍] 27 Jan–3 Feb 2018 1,200 26.5 11.3 13.4 6.6 6 4.6 3.6 2.7 2.3 3.3 0.5 2.1 2.1 – – –
LSI 7–14 Jan 2018 1,200 22.2 15.5 11.4 6.2 6 3.8 2 3.5 0.7 4.2 0.3 3 0.3 – – –
Indikator 17–24 Sep 2017 1,220 23.6 12 10.3 8 5.5 3.3 1.9 4.6 0.9 2 0.5 2.5 0.4 – – –
PolMark 9–20 Sep 2017 2,250 25.1 9.2 7.1 5.3 6.3 2.4 3.6 2.4 0.3 2.8 0.2 1.7 – – – –
SMRC 3–10 Sep 2017 1,220 27.1 11.4 10.2 6.9 5.5 4.4 3.6 4.3 1.3 2.4 0.1 2 – – – –

NOTE: See warning above

Results

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President

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Swing between the 2014 and 2019 presidential elections by cities and regencies

The KPU officially announced that the Jokowi-Amin ticket had won the election in the early hours of 21 May 2019.[1] The official vote tally was 85 million votes for Jokowi (55.50%) and 68 million votes for Prabowo (44.50%). The result was subject to appeals in the Constitutional Court; parties disputing the official tallies had 72 hours after the announcement to file an appeal.[128]

Prior to the announcement of official results, 40 bodies were authorized by the KPU to release quick count results.[129]

CandidateRunning matePartyVotes%
Joko WidodoMa'ruf AminIndonesian Democratic Party of Struggle85,607,36255.50
Prabowo SubiantoSandiaga UnoGerindra Party68,650,23944.50
Total154,257,601100.00
Valid votes154,257,60197.62
Invalid/blank votes3,754,9052.38
Total votes158,012,506100.00
Registered voters/turnout192,770,61181.97
Source: KPU

By province

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Province     Total valid votes
Joko Widodo
PDI-P 		Prabowo Subianto
Gerindra
Votes % Votes %
Sumatra Aceh 404,188 14.41 2,400,746 85.59 2,804,934
North Sumatra 3,936,515 52.32 3,587,786 47.68 7,524,301
West Sumatra 407,761 14.09 2,488,733 85.91 2,896,494
Riau 1,248,713 38.73 1,975,287 61.27 3,224,000
Jambi 859,833 41.68 1,203,025 58.32 2,062,858
South Sumatra 1,942,987 40.30 2,877,781 59.70 4,820,768
Bengkulu 583,488 49.89 585,999 50.11 1,169,487
Lampung 2,853,585 59.34 1,955,689 40.66 4,809,274
Bangka Belitung Islands 495,729 63.23 288,235 36.77 783,964
Riau Islands 550,692 54.19 465,511 45.81 1,016,203
Java Banten 2,537,524 38.46 4,059,514 61.54 6,597,038
Jakarta 3,279,547 51.68 3,066,137 48.32 6,345,684
West Java 10,750,568 40.07 16,077,446 59.93 26,828,014
Central Java 16,825,511 77.29 4,944,447 22.71 21,769,958
Yogyakarta 1,655,174 69.03 742,481 30.97 2,397,655
East Java 16,231,668 65.79 8,441,247 34.21 24,672,915
Kalimantan West Kalimantan 1,709,896 57.50 1,263,757 42.50 2,973,653
Central Kalimantan 830,948 60.74 537,138 39.26 1,368,086
South Kalimantan 823,939 35.92 1,470,163 64.08 2,294,102
East Kalimantan 1,094,845 55.71 870,443 44.29 1,965,288
North Kalimantan 248,239 70.04 106,162 29.96 354,401
Lesser Sunda Bali 2,351,057 91.68 213,415 8.32 2,564,472
West Nusa Tenggara 951,242 32.11 2,011,319 67.89 2,962,561
East Nusa Tenggara 2,368,982 88.57 305,587 11.43 2,674,569
Sulawesi North Sulawesi 1,220,524 77.24 359,685 22.76 1,580,209
Gorontalo 369,803 51.73 345,129 48.27 714,932
Central Sulawesi 914,588 56.41 706,654 43.59 1,621,242
Southeast Sulawesi 555,664 39.75 842,117 60.25 1,397,781
West Sulawesi 475,312 64.32 263,620 35.68 738,932
South Sulawesi 2,117,591 42.98 2,809,393 57.02 4,926,984
Maluku Maluku 599,457 60.40 392,940 39.60 992,397
North Maluku 310,548 47.39 344,823 52.61 655,371
Papua Papua 3,021,713 90.66 311,352 9.34 3,333,065
West Papua 508,997 79.81 128,732 20.19 637,729
Overseas 570,534 73.31 207,746 26.69 778,280
Total 85,607,362 55.50 68,650,239 44.50 154,257,601
Source: Tempo[130]

By region

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Region     Total valid votes
Joko Widodo
PDI-P 		Prabowo Subianto
Gerindra
Votes % Votes %
Sumatra 13,283,491 42.70 17,828,792 57.30 31,112,283
Java 51,279,992 57.87 37,331,272 42.13 88,611,264
Kalimantan 4,707,867 52.57 4,247,663 47.43 8,955,530
Lesser Sunda 5,671,281 69.15 2,530,321 30.85 8,201,602
Sulawesi 5,653,482 51.49 5,326,598 48.51 10,980,080
Maluku 910,005 55.23 737,763 44.77 1,647,768
Papua 3,530,710 88.92 440,084 11.08 3,970,794
Overseas 570,534 73.31 207,746 26.69 778,280
Total 85,607,362 55.50 68,650,239 44.50 154,257,601
Source: Tempo[131]

Jokowi won a majority of votes in 21 out of 34 provinces and the majority of overseas voters.[132] An observer from Cornell University noted Jokowi's dominance in predominantly non-Muslim regions - such as the Hindu Bali and Christian North Sulawesi - despite losing support in heavily Muslim provinces such as Aceh and West Sumatra. Jokowi also performed well in ethnically Javanese regions - mainly in Central Java and East Java. Notably, Jokowi won 100% of votes in five Papuan regencies - Puncak, Puncak Jaya, Central Mamberamo, Yalimo, and Lanny Jaya - due to the noken (communal vote) system employed there.[133] Prabowo, on the other hand, won in most of Sumatra's provinces, in addition to the provinces of Banten and West Java.[134]

Rejection

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Further information: May 2019 Jakarta protests and riots
Marines preparing for the 2019 Indonesian elections protests.

Prabowo's camp has declared that they would not accept the KPU's official results. On 14 May 2019, he held a press briefing where he alleged that vote-rigging had occurred, and claimed that his campaign team had collected evidence. The campaign team had also requested KPU stop their official vote tallying.[135] Following the unofficial quick count results that indicated a Jokowi victory, Prabowo claimed his internal counts won him 62% of the votes and accused the pollsters of taking sides.[136] One of the campaign team members, Fadli Zon, has indicated that the campaign team would not bring the case to the Constitutional Court (which rejected their appeal in 2014).[137] After KPU's official announcement on 21 May, Prabowo stated that he rejected the presidential election results, and would resort to "constitutional legal pathways".[138]

Protests by Prabowo supporters are expected on 22 May, when KPU is set to announce the results officially. In anticipation, the US and Singaporean embassies issued notices warning their citizens to avoid the protests.[139][140] Following arrests of 29 people suspected of planning attacks on the rally, the Indonesian National Police urged for people not to attend the protests.[141] Several opposition figures, such as Kivlan Zen, were investigated on suspicions of treason.[142]

Following the protests, Prabowo's campaign team launched a Constitutional Court lawsuit, with the first hearing scheduled on 18 June 2019.[143] They had previously submitted a complaint to the Bawaslu which was rejected on the grounds of insufficient evidence. According to Bawaslu, the complaint only included links to online news articles as evidence.[144] On 27 June 2019, the Constitutional Court rejected in its entirety Prabowo team's legal challenge.[145]

People's Representative Council

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The official tally puts the PDI-P in the first place with 19.33%, followed by Prabowo's Gerindra with 12.57%. The next top parties by the number of votes are Golkar, PKB, the NasDem Party and PKS.[146][147] 286 of the 575 elected legislators to the People's Representative Council were incumbents, with two-thirds aged between 41 and 60.[148]

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 


 
PartyVotes%+/–Seats+/–
Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle27,053,96119.33+0.38128+19
Gerindra Party17,594,83912.57+0.7678+5
Golkar17,229,78912.31–2.4485–6
National Awakening Party13,570,0979.69+0.6558+11
NasDem Party12,661,7929.05+2.3359+24
Prosperous Justice Party11,493,6638.21+1.4250+10
Democratic Party10,876,5077.77–2.4254–7
National Mandate Party9,572,6236.84–0.7544–5
United Development Party6,323,1474.52–2.0119–20
Perindo Party3,738,3202.67New0New
Berkarya Party2,929,4952.09New0New
Indonesian Solidarity Party2,650,3611.89New0New
People's Conscience Party2,161,5071.54–3.720–16
Crescent Star Party1,099,8480.79–0.6700
Garuda Party702,5360.50New0New
Indonesian Justice and Unity Party312,7750.22–0.6900
Total139,971,260100.00–575+15
Valid votes139,971,26088.88
Invalid/blank votes17,503,95311.12
Total votes157,475,213100.00
Registered voters/turnout192,770,61181.69
Source: KPU, Jakarta Globe Medcom

By province

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34 provinces with a range of 3 to 91 seats in each

Province Total
seats 		Seats won
PDI-P Golkar Gerindra NasDem PKB Demokrat PKS PAN PPP
Aceh 13 0 2 2 0 2 2 2 1 2
North Sumatra 30 7 4 4 4 1 3 4 3 0
West Sumatra 14 0 2 3 1 0 2 2 3 1
Riau 13 2 2 2 0 1 2 2 1 1
Jambi 8 1 2 1 1 1 1 0 1 0
South Sumatra 17 2 3 3 3 1 2 1 2 0
Bengkulu 4 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0
Lampung 20 5 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 0
Bangka Belitung Islands 3 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
Riau Islands 4 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0
Jakarta 21 7 1 3 1 0 2 5 2 0
West Java 91 13 14 17 5 8 10 13 8 3
Central Java 77 26 11 8 5 13 5 5 0 4
Yogyakarta 8 2 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0
East Java 87 20 11 11 9 19 7 2 5 3
Banten 22 5 3 4 0 1 3 3 2 1
Bali 9 6 2 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
West Nusa Tenggara 11 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 1
East Nusa Tenggara 13 3 2 0 3 2 2 0 1 0
North Kalimantan 3 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0
West Kalimantan 12 4 2 1 2 1 0 1 1 0
Central Kalimantan 6 2 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0
South Kalimantan 11 3 2 2 0 1 0 1 1 1
East Kalimantan 8 2 2 1 1 0 1 1 0 0
North Sulawesi 6 3 1 0 2 0 0 0 0 0
Central Sulawesi 7 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0
South Sulawesi 24 3 4 3 4 2 2 1 3 2
Southeast Sulawesi 6 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0
Gorontalo 3 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0
West Sulawesi 4 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0
Maluku 4 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0
North Maluku 3 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
Papua 10 1 1 1 3 1 1 0 2 0
West Papua 3 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
Total 575 128 85 78 59 58 54 50 44 19
Source: General Election Commission

Provincial legislatures

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Provincial legislature (DPRD Provinsi) election results
Summary of the 17 April 2019 Indonesian Provincial People's Representative Council election results (number of seats won)
Province PKB Gerindra PDIP Golkar NasDem Garuda Berkarya PKS Perindo PPP PSI PAN Hanura Demokrat PBB PKPI PA PNA PDA SIRA Total
Aceh[149] 3 8 1 9 2 0 0 6 0 6 0 6 1 10 0 1 18 6 3 1 81
North Sumatra[150] 2 15 19 15 12 0 0 11 1 2 0 8 6 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 100
West Sumatra[151] 3 14 3 8 3 0 0 10 0 4 0 10 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 65
Riau[152] 6 8 10 11 2 0 0 7 0 4 0 7 1 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 65
Jambi[153] 5 7 9 7 2 0 1 5 0 3 0 7 2 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 55
Bengkulu[154] 4 6 7 7 5 0 0 2 2 2 0 2 3 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 45
South Sumatra[155] 8 10 11 13 6 0 0 6 3 1 0 5 3 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 75
Riau Islands[156] 3 4 8 8 6 0 0 6 0 1 0 2 3 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 45
Bangka Belitung[157] 0 6 10 7 5 0 0 4 0 6 0 1 0 5 1 0 0 0 0 0 45
Lampung[158] 9 11 19 10 9 0 0 9 0 1 0 7 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 85
Banten[159] 7 16 13 11 4 0 1 11 0 5 1 6 1 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 85
Jakarta[160] 5 19 25 6 7 0 0 16 0 1 8 9 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 106
West Java[161] 12 25 20 16 4 0 0 21 1 3 0 7 0 11 0 0 0 0 0 0 120
Central Java[162] 20 13 42 12 3 0 0 10 0 9 0 6 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 120
Yogyakarta[163] 6 7 17 5 3 0 0 7 0 1 1 7 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 55
East Java[164] 25 15 27 13 9 0 0 4 0 5 0 6 1 14 1 0 0 0 0 0 120
Bali[165] 0 6 33 8 2 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 55
NTB[166] 6 9 4 10 5 0 2 7 0 7 0 5 1 7 2 0 0 0 0 0 65
NTT[167] 7 6 10 10 9 0 0 0 6 1 1 6 5 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 65
West Kalimantan[168] 5 7 15 8 8 0 0 3 1 3 0 5 2 7 0 1 0 0 0 0 65
Central Kalimantan[169] 4 5 12 7 5 0 0 1 1 1 0 2 1 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 45
South Kalimantan[170] 5 8 8 12 4 0 0 5 0 3 0 6 1 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 55
East Kalimantan[171] 5 8 11 12 2 0 0 4 0 4 0 5 1 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 55
North Kalimantan[172] 2 5 5 4 2 0 0 3 1 1 0 2 5 4 1 0 0 0 0 0 35
South Sulawesi[173] 8 11 8 13 12 0 0 8 1 6 0 7 1 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 85
West Sulawesi[174] 2 4 6 8 6 0 0 0 3 1 0 2 4 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 45
Southeast Sulawesi[175] 3 4 5 7 5 0 0 4 0 2 0 8 1 5 1 0 0 0 0 0 45
Central Sulawesi[176] 4 6 6 7 7 0 0 4 2 1 0 2 2 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 45
Gorontalo[177] 1 4 7 10 6 0 0 4 0 5 0 3 2 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 45
North Sulawesi[178] 1 2 18 7 8 0 0 1 0 0 1 2 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 45
North Maluku[179] 1 5 8 8 4 1 2 2 2 0 0 4 2 4 2 0 0 0 0 0 45
Maluku[180] 3 6 7 6 3 0 1 5 2 2 0 1 5 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 45
West Papua[181] 2 3 7 8 7 0 0 2 2 0 0 3 3 6 0 2 0 0 0 0 45
Papua[182] 3 5 7 6 8 1 3 3 1 1 0 6 3 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 55

Municipal legislatures

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Municipal legislature (DPRD Kabupaten/Kota) election results
No. Party Member count Distribution Notes
Count % Provinces Municipalities
1 PKB 1,553 8.97% 33 429
2 Gerindra 1,970 11.42% 33 504
3 PDIP 2,803 16.18% 33 494
4 Golkar 2,412 13.89% 33 515
5 NasDem 1,628 9.37% 33 484
6 Garuda 33 0.19% 7 21
7 Berkarya 131 0.75% 26 93
8 PKS 1,229 7.05% 33 411
9 Perindo 379 2.18% 31 229
10 PPP 954 5.50% 33 357
11 PSI 60 0.35% 15 43
12 PAN 1,302 7.51% 32 433
13 Hanura 746 4.30% 32 346
14 Demokrat 1,584 9.13% 33 486
15 PA 120 0.69% 1 22 Regional party
16 SIRA 4 0.02% 1 2 Regional party
17 PDA 17 0.10% 1 6 Regional party
18 PNA 46 0.27% 1 18 Regional party
19 PBB 214 1.23% 30 143
20 PKPI 155 0.89% 24 100

Source:[183]

Quick count results

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Unofficial quick count results for the 2019 Indonesian legislative election
Polling organization PKB Gerindra PDI-P Golkar NasDem Garuda Berkarya PKS Perindo PPP PSI PAN Hanura PD PBB PKPI Data received Source
Litbang Kompas 9.27 12.87 19.89 11.86 8.23 0.53 2.12 8.67 2.84 4.62 2.06 6.67 1.34 8.05 0.76 0.23 93.9% [184]
LSI 9.71 12.52 19.69 12.19 8.61 0.98 2.41 8.04 2.95 4.34 2.37 6.15 1.89 6.83 0.93 0.39 99.55% [184]
Indo Barometer 8.97 13.37 19.49 11.64 7.84 0.57 2.12 9.66 2.67 4.40 2.07 6.83 1.64 7.63 0.84 0.27 91.58% [184]
Indikator 10.05 12.88 19.11 11.88 9.00 0.50 2.06 8.42 2.66 4.46 1.99 6.55 1.63 7.64 0.93 0.25 88.71% [185]
Poltracking 10.42 12.71 19.21 12.64 8.50 0.62 2.17 7.83 2.78 4.48 1.82 6.32 1.64 7.69 0.86 0.31 N/A [186]
SMRC 9.57 12.59 19.42 12.14 8.95 0.63 2.19 8.12 2.80 4.48 1.94 6.65 1.71 7.55 0.87 0.31 N/A [186]

Turnout

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The voter turnout for the election was a record, with around 81% of the registered voters participating in the presidential election. It was the highest turnout in Indonesian presidential electoral history, in contrast to the trend of an increasing number of abstentions between 2004 and 2014.[187] Certain areas in Papua also allowed traditional voting procedures where a single village head represented entire communities, resulting in nominal 100% turnouts.[188]

Controversies

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A woman (wearing white hijab) supervising the election process. The woman is a witness from PKS. Witnesses from other parties can be seen behind the woman.

Observers criticised the decision to hold the legislative and presidential elections simultaneously for being too complicated. Manual tabulation of votes at polling stations lasted until the day after the election itself.[189] Exhaustion and fatigue caused by the long hours resulted in at least 225 election officers dying during the voting or in the ensuing vote counts, in addition to 1,470 falling ill.[190] Vice President Jusuf Kalla has called for the 2024 election to return to the 2014 format of separated legislative and presidential votes.[191] The 2024 election, under the existing regulations, would be a vote on all elected legislative and executive posts in the country.[192] As of 9 May 2019, the KPU confirmed that 569 deaths had occurred due to overwork; this number includes 456 election officers, 91 supervisory agents and 22 police officers. Besides, 4,310 had reportedly fallen sick.[6]

In July 2018, the KPU passed a regulation barring ex-corruption convicts, sexual offenders and people convicted of drug offences from running for office.[193] However, the Bawaslu and the DPR objected to the regulation and accused the KPU of violating the 2017 election law.[194] The Supreme Court of Indonesia eventually ruled that the KPU regulation was invalid, allowing convicts to contest in the election.[195] Thirty-eight people who had been corruption convicts eventually ran for office across the country – 26 for regency/municipal councils and 12 for provincial councils.[196]

The KPU was also criticised for giving legislative candidates an option not to publish their resumes. Formappi found that around a quarter of the candidates chose not to publish their information, with a further 18% not having submitted any. Some candidates noted that they wished to publish their information, but could not due to technical reasons with the KPU's website.[119][197]

Ballot boxes for the election were made from waterproof cardboard intended for single-use. The KPU said it would save ballot box costs and allow construction of transparent boxes as mandated by election regulations.[198] Although all parties in DPR approved the decision, Prabowo's campaign team contested it.[199] Uno remarked that there was a potential for cheating.[200] PDI-P Secretary General Hasto Kristiyanto remarked that "Gerindra was making up reasons for losing".[201] The KPU later held public demonstrations where a ballot box was sprayed with water and sat on to demonstrate its strength,[202] although KPU officials from various region had reported receiving 70 ballot boxes with water damage,[203][204][205] and even the cardboard ballot boxes eaten by termites.[206][207]

In January 2019, it was rumoured by Yusril Ihza Mahendra that Jokowi was considering releasing Islamist Abu Bakar Ba'asyir due to old age and declining health. The move was seen as controversial in Indonesia as part of a growing number of actions taken by Jokowi to appease Indonesia's conservative Muslims ahead of the election.[208] The government later suspended this attempt as Ba'asyir refused to accept Pancasila as his ideology. He instead stuck to his fundamentalist Islam point of view.[209]

Throughout his campaign, Prabowo was accused of spreading pessimism and using Donald Trump's 2016 campaign strategy of highlighting economic disparity.[210] In one speech in October 2018, Prabowo stated he wanted to "Make Indonesia Great Again", much like Trump's 2016 campaign slogan.[211][212] He also accused journalists of "manipulating" the attendance of the 212 "Mujahideen" Grand Reunion on 2 December 2018.[213][214] Prabowo is known to have close relations with fundamentalist Muslims,[215] with Muhammad Rizieq Shihab of the Islamic Defenders Front being one prominent example. Rizieq, who was on a self-imposed exile in Mecca, persistently campaigned against Jokowi and for Prabowo.[216] Prabowo also promised to bring Rizieq home should he be elected.[217]

Budget

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A budget of Rp 24.9 trillion (US$1.8 billion) was allocated for the election – 3% higher than the budget used in the 2014 election. This included spending on "safeguarding the election from hijacking".[218] The KPU estimated a Rp 16.8 trillion funding requirement in December 2017,[219] later revising it to Rp 15 trillion for a one-stage election,[220] and ended up submitting a funding request of Rp 18.1 trillion, on top of the Rp 8.6 trillion requested by Bawaslu, in September 2018.[221] Officers at the polling stations are paid Rp 500,000 (roughly US$35) each.[222]

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  •  
    Ballot boxes
  •  
    A polling station in Langkat Regency, North Sumatra
  •  
    List of presidential and legislative candidates displayed outside a polling station
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    Officials of the KPU and representatives of various organizations and parties witness the vote count at Polling Station 100 in North Jakarta.

Notes

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  1. ^ Including the PDI-P, Golkar, the National Awakening Party, the United Development Party, the NasDem Party, the People's Conscience Party, the Indonesian Justice and Unity Party, the Crescent Star Party, the Indonesian Solidarity Party, and the Perindo Party.
  2. ^ Including Gerindra, the Democratic Party, the National Mandate Party, the Prosperous Justice Party, and the Berkarya Party.
  3. ^ Except for voters in Jakarta, who did not vote for the regency/municipal council and only received four ballot papers[22] and overseas voters who only voted for the president/vice president and DPR.[23]
  4. ^ Ballot numbers 15 to 18 are assigned to local parties in the province of Aceh[54]
  5. ^ Though part of Prabowo's coalition, the Democratic Party explicitly permits its members to endorse either pair of candidates.[78]
  6. ^ Due to the formation of North Kalimantan, which was previously unrepresented[115]

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