An infrastructure for peace or an I4P refers to multiple social levels of grassroots peacebuilding constituting sociopolitical infrastructure in a country that is a complement to state-level institutional peace processes in that country.[1]
Definition
editIn 2010, governments, political parties, civil society and United Nations country representatives from 14 African countries in Kenya agreed upon a working definition of the term infrastructures for peace as a 'dynamic network of interdependent structures, mechanisms, resources, values and skills which, through dialogue and consultation, contribute to conflict prevention and peacebuilding in a society'.[1] The term was motivated by the effectiveness of locally led, participatory peacebuilding practices in several countries undergoing armed conflicts. The term is intended to stress conflict transformation and the combination of grassroots peacebuilding together with top-down political agreements.[citation needed]
Examples
editExamples of infrastructures considered to qualify as infrastructures to peace include the National Peace Council (Ghana); the Department on Ethnic, Religious Policy and Civil Society Interaction (Kyrgyzstan);[2] economical approaches in Guyana, Bolivia and Kenya[clarification needed] and, as of 2012[update], about 30 infrastructure for peace projects around the globe supported by the United Nations Development Programme.[3]
Criticisms
editCritical studies on the infrastructure for peace mainly see this as a fuzzy concept because peacebuilding cannot be guaranteed only by local efforts. Such local infrastructures are prone to suffer from political upheavals,[4] they still rely on external funding and cannot do well under strictly autocratic regimes.[5] New research works, which conflate infrastructures for peace with security sector reform have also suggested such architectures need to rise above local boundaries to negotiate on security issues because (in)security has transnational connections.[6]
Contributions
editAcademic conferences, special editions of journals, issue-specific books and websites dedicated to this topic have begun to emerge including the UNE Peace Studies Conference (2015) on questioning 'peace formation' and 'peace infrastructure', Berghof Handbook[7] and a Journal of Peacebuilding and Development Special Edition in Vol. 7, No. 3.
References
edit- ^ a b "The Evolving Landscape of Infrastructures for Peace". Journal of Peacebuilding & Development. 7 (3): 1–7. 2012. doi:10.1080/15423166.2013.774793.
- ^ Kumar, Chetan; de la Haye, Jos (2012). "Hybrid Peacemaking: Building National "Infrastructures for Peace"" (PDF). Global Governance. 18 (1): 13–20. doi:10.1163/19426720-01801003.
- ^ Ryan, Jordan (December 2012). "Infrastructures for Peace as a Path to Resilient Societies: An Institutional Perspective". Journal of Peacebuilding & Development. 7 (3): 14–24. doi:10.1080/15423166.2013.774806. S2CID 153337459.
- ^ Chuma, Aeneas; Ojielo, Ozonnia (December 2012). "Building a Standing National Capacity for Conflict Prevention and Resolution in Kenya". Journal of Peacebuilding & Development. 7 (3): 25–39. doi:10.1080/15423166.2013.774790. S2CID 153944265.
- ^ Odendaal, Andries (December 2012). "The Political Legitimacy of National Peace Committees". Journal of Peacebuilding & Development. 7 (3): 40–53. doi:10.1080/15423166.2013.767601. S2CID 154106923.
- ^ Ghimire, Safal. 2016. Making Security Sector Reform Organic: Infrastructures for Peace as an Entry Point? In: Peacebuilding, DOI:10.1080/21647259.2016.1156813
- ^ Unger, B; Lundström, S; Austin, B; Planta, K (2013). Peace Infrastructures: Assessing Concept and Practice (Berghof Handbook Dialogue Series, No. 10) (PDF). Berlin: Berghof Foundation.