The Ingelrii group consists of about 20 known[1] medieval swords from the 10th to 12th century with a damascening blade inscription INGELRII, appearing with several slight spelling variations such as INGELRD and INGELRILT.[2] It is comparable to the older, much better-documented Ulfberht group (9th to 11th century, about 170 known examples).
By 1951, Ewart Oakeshott had originally identified thirteen such swords of this inscription, and had suggested that another, at Wisbech Museum, found in the river bed of the Old Nene in 1895, is also an Ingelrii; supported by Davidson as a possible fourteenth.[2]
Other variations of the inscription have also been found: INGRLRIIMEFECIT on a sword found by Sigridsholm,[2][3] Sweden, and INGELRIH FECIT on a sword found in Flemma, Norway.[2]
Known Ingelrii swords
edit- British Museum – Ingelrii, found in the River Thames, along the King's Reach,[4] at Temple[5]
- Wisbech Museum – found at Raven's Willow, Peterborough[5]
- Lower Saxony State Museum, Hanover[6]
- Bavarian National Museum, Munich – found in the Danube near Hilgartsberg[6]
- Swiss National Museum, Zurich — an 11th-century sword found in Marin, Neuchatel[7]
- Sword with +INGELRI+ inscription, and +PREBM+ on the reverse side, pommel of "tea-cosy", length 89.5 cm (blade 75 cm)[8]
- A singular sword with a variant form of the inscription, read as +SINIGELRINIS+, dated mid-10th to mid-11th century, formerly of the Frank Unrath collection (auctioned in 2013)[9]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Oakeshott, Ewart R. (1960). The Archaeology of Weapons: Arms and Armour from Prehistory to the Age of Chivalry. Woodbridge: Boydell Press. p. 145. ISBN 9781566195966.
- ^ a b c d Davidson, Hilda Ellis (1962). The Sword in Anglo-Saxon England: Its Archaeology and Literature. Woodbridge: The Boydell Press. pp. 47–48. ISBN 9780851157160.
- ^ (in Swedish) Historiskt-geografiskt och statistiskt Lexikon öfver Sverige, Volume 6, p. 70. Probably Ling, north of Stockholm. At Google Books. Retrieved 27 September 2013.
- ^ Peirce, Ian, G. (2002) Swords of the Viking Age, p. 80. Boydell Press.
- ^ a b Davidson, Hilda Ellis (1998) The Sword in Anglo-Saxon England: Its Archaeology and Literature, p. xviii–xx. Boydell & Brewer Ltd. (Full text via Google Books.). Retrieved 27 September 2013.
- ^ a b Oakeshott, Ewart (2012) The Sword in the Age of Chivalry, p. 82. Boydell Press.
- ^ Jahresbericht Schweizerisches Landesmuseum Zürich 19 (1910).
- ^ "Bonhams Auction 21639 (26 November 2014) Lot 218". Archived from the original on 6 April 2016. Retrieved 25 March 2016.
- ^ "Bonhams Auction 20801 Lot 188". Archived from the original on 6 April 2016. Retrieved 25 March 2016.
- Alfred Geibig, Beiträge zur Morphologischen Entwicklung des Schwertes im Mittelalter, 1991, p. 124
- Lech Marek, Early Medieval Swords from Central and Eastern Europe, 2005, pp. 49–54, plates 6c and 25c
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