Innsbruck Rural (German: Innsbruck-Land), also known as Electoral District 7B (German: Wahlkreis 7B), is one of the 39 multi-member regional electoral districts of the National Council, the lower house of the Austrian Parliament, the national legislature of Austria. The electoral district was created in 1992 when electoral regulations were amended to add regional electoral districts to the existing state-wide electoral districts and came into being at the following legislative election in 1994. It consists of the districts of Innsbruck Rural and Schwaz in the state of Tyrol. The electoral district currently elects six of the 183 members of the National Council using the open party-list proportional representation electoral system. At the 2019 legislative election the constituency had 193,217 registered electors.
Innsbruck Rural | |
---|---|
Innsbruck-Land | |
Electoral District for the National Council | |
District | List |
State | Tyrol |
Population | 273,295 (2024)[1] |
Electorate | 193,217 (2019) |
Area | 3,833 km2 (2023)[2] |
Current Electoral District | |
Created | 1994 |
Seats | List
|
Members[3] | List |
History
editInnsbruck Rural was one 43 regional electoral districts (regionalwahlkreise) established by the "National Council Electoral Regulations 1992" (Nationalrats-Wahlordnung 1992) passed by the National Council in 1992.[4] It consisted of the districts of Innsbruck Rural and Schwaz in the state of Tyrol.[5] The district was initially allocated five seats in May 1993.[6] Electoral regulations require the allocation of seats amongst the electoral districts to be recalculated following each national census and in June 2023 the number of seats allocated to Innsbruck Rural was increased to six based on the population as at the 2021 national census.[7]
Electoral system
editInnsbruck Rural currently elects six of the 183 members of the National Council using the open party-list proportional representation electoral system.[8][9][10] The allocation of seats is carried out in three stages.[11] In the first stage, seats are allocated to parties (lists) at the regional level using a state-wide Hare quota (wahlzahl) (valid votes in the state divided by the number of seats in the state).[12][13] In the second stage, seats are allocated to parties at the state/provincial level using the state-wide Hare quota (any seats won by the party at the regional stage are subtracted from the party's state seats).[12][13] In the third and final stage, seats are allocated to parties at the federal/national level using the D'Hondt method (any seats won by the party at the regional and state stages are subtracted from the party's federal seats).[12][13] Only parties that reach the 4% national threshold, or have won a seat at the regional stage, compete for seats at the state and federal stages.[12][13]
Electors may cast one preferential vote for individual candidates at the regional, state and federal levels.[13] Split-ticket voting (panachage), or voting for more than one candidate at each level, is not permitted and will result in the ballot paper being invalidated.[13][14] At the regional level, candidates must receive preferential votes amounting to at least 14% of the valid votes cast for their party to over-ride the order of the party list (10% and 7% respectively for the state and federal levels).[14] Prior to April 2013 electors could not cast preferential votes at the federal level and the thresholds candidates needed to over-ride the party list order were higher at the regional level (half the Hare quota or 1⁄6 of the party votes) and state level (Hare quota).[13][15][16]
Election results
editSummary
editElection | Communists KPÖ+ / KPÖ |
Social Democrats SPÖ |
Greens GRÜNE |
NEOS NEOS / LiF |
People's ÖVP |
Freedom FPÖ | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Votes | % | Seats | Votes | % | Seats | Votes | % | Seats | Votes | % | Seats | Votes | % | Seats | Votes | % | Seats | |
2019 | 758 | 0.54% | 0 | 18,862 | 13.51% | 0 | 20,198 | 14.47% | 0 | 12,822 | 9.18% | 0 | 62,028 | 44.43% | 2 | 21,771 | 15.59% | 0 |
2017 | 790 | 0.53% | 0 | 31,002 | 20.98% | 1 | 6,185 | 4.19% | 0 | 8,361 | 5.66% | 0 | 54,927 | 37.18% | 2 | 39,035 | 26.42% | 1 |
2013 | 769 | 0.61% | 0 | 23,377 | 18.50% | 0 | 19,488 | 15.42% | 0 | 6,249 | 4.94% | 0 | 39,723 | 31.43% | 1 | 24,918 | 19.72% | 1 |
2008 | 636 | 0.49% | 0 | 23,619 | 18.27% | 0 | 14,118 | 10.92% | 0 | 3,148 | 2.44% | 0 | 38,821 | 30.03% | 1 | 22,552 | 17.45% | 0 |
2006 | 959 | 0.76% | 0 | 30,350 | 24.15% | 1 | 16,344 | 13.00% | 0 | 53,380 | 42.47% | 2 | 13,912 | 11.07% | 0 | |||
2002 | 732 | 0.54% | 0 | 33,850 | 25.14% | 1 | 15,730 | 11.68% | 0 | 2,221 | 1.65% | 0 | 68,854 | 51.14% | 2 | 13,264 | 9.85% | 0 |
1999 | 334 | 0.27% | 0 | 28,715 | 23.33% | 1 | 12,444 | 10.11% | 0 | 4,536 | 3.68% | 0 | 38,216 | 31.04% | 1 | 35,627 | 28.94% | 1 |
1995 | 317 | 0.24% | 0 | 35,472 | 27.35% | 1 | 8,384 | 6.46% | 0 | 8,219 | 6.34% | 0 | 38,715 | 29.85% | 1 | 36,597 | 28.22% | 1 |
1994 | 200 | 0.17% | 0 | 29,223 | 24.34% | 1 | 11,893 | 9.91% | 0 | 6,355 | 5.29% | 0 | 41,687 | 34.72% | 1 | 27,793 | 23.15% | 1 |
Detailed
edit2010s
edit2019
editResults of the 2019 legislative election held on 29 September 2019:[17][18]
Party | Votes per district | Total Votes |
% | Seats | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Inns- bruck Rural |
Schwaz | Voting card | ||||||
Austrian People's Party | ÖVP | 40,993 | 20,942 | 93 | 62,028 | 44.43% | 2 | |
Freedom Party of Austria | FPÖ | 14,517 | 7,213 | 41 | 21,771 | 15.59% | 0 | |
The Greens – The Green Alternative | GRÜNE | 15,466 | 4,603 | 129 | 20,198 | 14.47% | 0 | |
Social Democratic Party of Austria | SPÖ | 13,430 | 5,377 | 55 | 18,862 | 13.51% | 0 | |
NEOS – The New Austria and Liberal Forum | NEOS | 9,672 | 3,087 | 63 | 12,822 | 9.18% | 0 | |
JETZT | JETZT | 1,729 | 611 | 19 | 2,359 | 1.69% | 0 | |
KPÖ Plus | KPÖ+ | 571 | 184 | 3 | 758 | 0.54% | 0 | |
Der Wandel | WANDL | 358 | 150 | 5 | 513 | 0.37% | 0 | |
My Vote Counts! | GILT | 205 | 83 | 4 | 292 | 0.21% | 0 | |
Valid Votes | 96,941 | 42,250 | 412 | 139,603 | 100.00% | 2 | ||
Rejected Votes | 703 | 346 | 3 | 1,052 | 0.75% | |||
Total Polled | 97,644 | 42,596 | 415 | 140,655 | 72.80% | |||
Registered Electors | 132,217 | 61,000 | 193,217 | |||||
Turnout | 73.85% | 69.83% | 72.80% |
The following candidates were elected:[19][20]
- Personal mandates - Hermann Gahr (ÖVP), 11,759 votes.
- Party mandates - Rebecca Kirchbaumer (ÖVP), 2,327 votes.
2017
editResults of the 2017 legislative election held on 15 October 2017:[21][22]
Party | Votes per district | Total Votes |
% | Seats | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Inns- bruck Rural |
Schwaz | Voting card | ||||||
Austrian People's Party | ÖVP | 36,457 | 18,359 | 111 | 54,927 | 37.18% | 2 | |
Freedom Party of Austria | FPÖ | 26,039 | 12,937 | 59 | 39,035 | 26.42% | 1 | |
Social Democratic Party of Austria | SPÖ | 22,828 | 8,065 | 109 | 31,002 | 20.98% | 1 | |
NEOS – The New Austria and Liberal Forum | NEOS | 6,187 | 2,118 | 56 | 8,361 | 5.66% | 0 | |
The Greens – The Green Alternative | GRÜNE | 4,832 | 1,312 | 41 | 6,185 | 4.19% | 0 | |
Peter Pilz List | PILZ | 4,306 | 1,373 | 49 | 5,728 | 3.88% | 0 | |
My Vote Counts! | GILT | 821 | 306 | 2 | 1,129 | 0.76% | 0 | |
Communist Party of Austria | KPÖ | 563 | 216 | 11 | 790 | 0.53% | 0 | |
The Whites | WEIßE | 236 | 93 | 3 | 332 | 0.22% | 0 | |
Free List Austria | FLÖ | 162 | 91 | 0 | 253 | 0.17% | 0 | |
Valid Votes | 102,431 | 44,870 | 441 | 147,742 | 100.00% | 4 | ||
Rejected Votes | 701 | 422 | 6 | 1,129 | 0.76% | |||
Total Polled | 103,132 | 45,292 | 447 | 148,871 | 77.67% | |||
Registered Electors | 131,002 | 60,658 | 191,660 | |||||
Turnout | 78.73% | 74.67% | 77.67% |
The following candidates were elected:[23][24]
- Personal mandates - Hermann Gahr (ÖVP), 10,285 votes; and Peter Wurm (FPÖ), 5,828 votes.
- Party mandates - Rebecca Kirchbaumer (ÖVP), 1,293 votes; and Maximilian Unterrainer (SPÖ), 2,169 votes.
2013
editResults of the 2013 legislative election held on 29 September 2013:[25][26]
Party | Votes per district | Total Votes |
% | Seats | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Inns- bruck Rural |
Schwaz | Voting card | ||||||
Austrian People's Party | ÖVP | 26,206 | 13,460 | 57 | 39,723 | 31.43% | 1 | |
Freedom Party of Austria | FPÖ | 16,839 | 8,050 | 29 | 24,918 | 19.72% | 1 | |
Social Democratic Party of Austria | SPÖ | 16,226 | 7,111 | 40 | 23,377 | 18.50% | 0 | |
The Greens – The Green Alternative | GRÜNE | 15,001 | 4,396 | 91 | 19,488 | 15.42% | 0 | |
Team Stronach | FRANK | 4,645 | 2,546 | 8 | 7,199 | 5.70% | 0 | |
NEOS – The New Austria | NEOS | 4,863 | 1,351 | 35 | 6,249 | 4.94% | 0 | |
Alliance for the Future of Austria | BZÖ | 2,684 | 1,191 | 7 | 3,882 | 3.07% | 0 | |
Pirate Party of Austria | PIRAT | 560 | 223 | 2 | 785 | 0.62% | 0 | |
Communist Party of Austria | KPÖ | 599 | 168 | 2 | 769 | 0.61% | 0 | |
Valid Votes | 87,623 | 38,496 | 271 | 126,390 | 100.00% | 2 | ||
Rejected Votes | 1,079 | 464 | 5 | 1,548 | 1.21% | |||
Total Polled | 88,702 | 38,960 | 276 | 127,938 | 68.25% | |||
Registered Electors | 127,916 | 59,549 | 187,465 | |||||
Turnout | 69.34% | 65.43% | 68.25% |
The following candidates were elected:[27][28]
- Personal mandates - Hermann Gahr (ÖVP), 9,711 votes; and Peter Wurm (FPÖ), 5,070 votes.
2000s
edit2008
editResults of the 2008 legislative election held on 28 September 2008:[29][30]
Party | Votes per district | Total Votes |
% | Seats | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Inns- bruck Rural |
Schwaz | Voting card | ||||||
Austrian People's Party | ÖVP | 25,724 | 12,909 | 188 | 38,821 | 30.03% | 1 | |
Social Democratic Party of Austria | SPÖ | 16,201 | 7,304 | 114 | 23,619 | 18.27% | 0 | |
Freedom Party of Austria | FPÖ | 15,709 | 6,756 | 87 | 22,552 | 17.45% | 0 | |
The Greens – The Green Alternative | GRÜNE | 10,841 | 3,080 | 197 | 14,118 | 10.92% | 0 | |
Fritz Dinkhauser List – Citizens' Forum Tyrol | FRITZ | 8,780 | 3,616 | 62 | 12,458 | 9.64% | 0 | |
Alliance for the Future of Austria | BZÖ | 7,991 | 4,106 | 59 | 12,156 | 9.40% | 0 | |
Liberal Forum | LiF | 2,475 | 624 | 49 | 3,148 | 2.44% | 0 | |
The Christians | DC | 618 | 268 | 7 | 893 | 0.69% | 0 | |
Independent Citizens' Initiative Save Austria | RETTÖ | 507 | 259 | 2 | 768 | 0.59% | 0 | |
Communist Party of Austria | KPÖ | 429 | 204 | 3 | 636 | 0.49% | 0 | |
Left | LINKE | 65 | 31 | 0 | 96 | 0.07% | 0 | |
Valid Votes | 89,340 | 39,157 | 768 | 129,265 | 100.00% | 1 | ||
Rejected Votes | 1,146 | 534 | 16 | 1,696 | 1.30% | |||
Total Polled | 90,486 | 39,691 | 784 | 130,961 | 71.97% | |||
Registered Electors | 123,828 | 58,148 | 181,976 | |||||
Turnout | 73.07% | 68.26% | 71.97% |
The following candidates were elected:[31][32]
- Personal mandates - Hermann Gahr (ÖVP), 7,591 votes.
2006
editResults of the 2006 legislative election held on 1 October 2006:[33][34]
Party | Votes per district | Total Votes |
% | Seats | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Inns- bruck Rural |
Schwaz | Voting card | ||||||
Austrian People's Party | ÖVP | 34,033 | 17,345 | 2,002 | 53,380 | 42.47% | 2 | |
Social Democratic Party of Austria | SPÖ | 20,270 | 9,146 | 934 | 30,350 | 24.15% | 1 | |
The Greens – The Green Alternative | GRÜNE | 11,701 | 3,482 | 1,161 | 16,344 | 13.00% | 0 | |
Freedom Party of Austria | FPÖ | 9,399 | 4,205 | 308 | 13,912 | 11.07% | 0 | |
Hans-Peter Martin's List | MATIN | 3,820 | 1,426 | 155 | 5,401 | 4.30% | 0 | |
Alliance for the Future of Austria | BZÖ | 2,624 | 1,152 | 83 | 3,859 | 3.07% | 0 | |
EU Withdrawal – Neutral Free Austria | NFÖ | 1,097 | 344 | 36 | 1,477 | 1.18% | 0 | |
Communist Party of Austria | KPÖ | 658 | 268 | 33 | 959 | 0.76% | 0 | |
Valid Votes | 83,602 | 37,368 | 4,712 | 125,682 | 100.00% | 3 | ||
Rejected Votes | 1,056 | 584 | 29 | 1,669 | 1.31% | |||
Total Polled | 84,658 | 37,952 | 4,741 | 127,351 | 73.53% | |||
Registered Electors | 117,691 | 55,499 | 173,190 | |||||
Turnout | 71.93% | 68.38% | 73.53% |
The following candidates were elected:[35][36]
- Personal mandates - Hermann Gahr (ÖVP), 6,084 votes.
- Party mandates - Maria Grander (ÖVP), 3,091 votes; and Erwin Niederwieser (SPÖ), 4,105 votes.
2002
editResults of the 2002 legislative election held on 24 November 2002:[37][38]
Party | Votes per district | Total Votes |
% | Seats | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Inns- bruck Rural |
Schwaz | Voting card | ||||||
Austrian People's Party | ÖVP | 44,581 | 21,889 | 2,384 | 68,854 | 51.14% | 2 | |
Social Democratic Party of Austria | SPÖ | 22,787 | 10,268 | 795 | 33,850 | 25.14% | 1 | |
The Greens – The Green Alternative | GRÜNE | 11,061 | 3,535 | 1,134 | 15,730 | 11.68% | 0 | |
Freedom Party of Austria | FPÖ | 8,527 | 4,413 | 324 | 13,264 | 9.85% | 0 | |
Liberal Forum | LiF | 1,496 | 649 | 76 | 2,221 | 1.65% | 0 | |
Communist Party of Austria | KPÖ | 474 | 244 | 14 | 732 | 0.54% | 0 | |
Valid Votes | 88,926 | 40,998 | 4,727 | 134,651 | 100.00% | 3 | ||
Rejected Votes | 1,232 | 706 | 20 | 1,958 | 1.43% | |||
Total Polled | 90,158 | 41,704 | 4,747 | 136,609 | 83.62% | |||
Registered Electors | 110,618 | 52,748 | 163,366 | |||||
Turnout | 81.50% | 79.06% | 83.62% |
The following candidates were elected:[39][40]
- Personal mandates - Hermann Gahr (ÖVP), 11,591 votes.
- Party mandates - Maria Grander (ÖVP), 2,004 votes; and Erwin Niederwieser (SPÖ), 4,253 votes.
1990s
edit1999
editResults of the 1999 legislative election held on 3 October 1999:[41][42]
Party | Votes per district | Total Votes |
% | Seats | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Inns- bruck Rural |
Schwaz | Voting card | ||||||
Austrian People's Party | ÖVP | 25,018 | 11,836 | 1,362 | 38,216 | 31.04% | 1 | |
Freedom Party of Austria | FPÖ | 23,291 | 11,393 | 943 | 35,627 | 28.94% | 1 | |
Social Democratic Party of Austria | SPÖ | 19,028 | 8,817 | 870 | 28,715 | 23.33% | 1 | |
The Greens – The Green Alternative | GRÜNE | 8,592 | 3,068 | 784 | 12,444 | 10.11% | 0 | |
Liberal Forum | LiF | 3,259 | 941 | 336 | 4,536 | 3.68% | 0 | |
The Independents | DU | 1,234 | 713 | 51 | 1,998 | 1.62% | 0 | |
No to NATO and EU – Neutral Austria Citizens' Initiative |
NEIN | 415 | 220 | 15 | 650 | 0.53% | 0 | |
Christian Voters Community | CWG | 430 | 112 | 38 | 580 | 0.47% | 0 | |
Communist Party of Austria | KPÖ | 231 | 94 | 9 | 334 | 0.27% | 0 | |
Valid Votes | 81,498 | 37,194 | 4,408 | 123,100 | 100.00% | 3 | ||
Rejected Votes | 1,180 | 710 | 29 | 1,919 | 1.53% | |||
Total Polled | 82,678 | 37,904 | 4,437 | 125,019 | 78.90% | |||
Registered Electors | 107,218 | 51,232 | 158,450 | |||||
Turnout | 77.11% | 73.99% | 78.90% |
The following candidates were elected:[43][44]
- Party mandates - Hermann Gahr (ÖVP), 5,446 votes; Erwin Niederwieser (SPÖ), 3,179 votes; and Susanne Riess (FPÖ), 5,772 votes.
Substitutions:
- Susanne Riess (FPÖ) resigned on 10 February 2000 and was replaced by Bernd Brugger (FPÖ) on 14 February 2000.[45]
1995
editResults of the 1995 legislative election held on 17 December 1995:[46][47]
Party | Votes per district | Total Votes |
% | Seats | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Inns- bruck Rural |
Schwaz | Voting card | ||||||
Austrian People's Party | ÖVP | 25,712 | 12,136 | 867 | 38,715 | 29.85% | 1 | |
Freedom Party of Austria | FPÖ | 23,513 | 12,519 | 565 | 36,597 | 28.22% | 1 | |
Social Democratic Party of Austria | SPÖ | 23,882 | 10,980 | 610 | 35,472 | 27.35% | 1 | |
The Greens – The Green Alternative | GRÜNE | 5,791 | 2,176 | 417 | 8,384 | 6.46% | 0 | |
Liberal Forum | LiF | 5,841 | 1,993 | 385 | 8,219 | 6.34% | 0 | |
No – Civic Action Group Against the Sale of Austria |
NEIN | 1,360 | 604 | 36 | 2,000 | 1.54% | 0 | |
Communist Party of Austria | KPÖ | 198 | 116 | 3 | 317 | 0.24% | 0 | |
Valid Votes | 86,297 | 40,524 | 2,883 | 129,704 | 100.00% | 3 | ||
Rejected Votes | 2,501 | 1,395 | 35 | 3,931 | 2.94% | |||
Total Polled | 88,798 | 41,919 | 2,918 | 133,635 | 87.94% | |||
Registered Electors | 102,425 | 49,533 | 151,958 | |||||
Turnout | 86.70% | 84.63% | 87.94% |
The following candidates were elected:[48][49]
- Party mandates - Dieter Lukesch (ÖVP), 1,879 votes; Walter Meischberger (FPÖ), 4,448 votes; and Erwin Niederwieser (SPÖ), 3,036 votes.
Substitutions:
- Walter Meischberger (FPÖ) resigned on 23 February 1999 and was replaced by Wilfried Tilg (FPÖ) on 24 February 1999.[50][51][52]
- Wilfried Tilg (FPÖ) resigned on 2 April 1999 and was replaced by Walter Meischberger {FPÖ) on 20 April 1999.[51][52][53]
- Walter Meischberger (FPÖ) resigned on 22 April 1999 and was replaced by Anton Blünegger (FPÖ) on 26 April 1999.[51][54][55]
1994
editResults of the 1994 legislative election held on 9 October 1994:[56][57]
Party | Votes per district | Total Votes |
% | Seats | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Inns- bruck Rural |
Schwaz | Voting card | ||||||
Austrian People's Party | ÖVP | 26,917 | 13,518 | 1,252 | 41,687 | 34.72% | 1 | |
Social Democratic Party of Austria | SPÖ | 18,892 | 9,590 | 741 | 29,223 | 24.34% | 1 | |
Freedom Party of Austria | FPÖ | 18,083 | 8,971 | 739 | 27,793 | 23.15% | 1 | |
The Greens – The Green Alternative | GRÜNE | 8,191 | 2,992 | 710 | 11,893 | 9.91% | 0 | |
Liberal Forum | LiF | 4,585 | 1,392 | 378 | 6,355 | 5.29% | 0 | |
No – Civic Action Group Against the Sale of Austria |
NEIN | 910 | 472 | 31 | 1,413 | 1.18% | 0 | |
Christian Voters Community | CWG | 756 | 215 | 33 | 1,004 | 0.84% | 0 | |
Natural Law Party | ÖNP | 230 | 74 | 10 | 314 | 0.26% | 0 | |
Communist Party of Austria | KPÖ | 143 | 55 | 2 | 200 | 0.17% | 0 | |
United Greens Austria – List Adi Pinter | VGÖ | 112 | 44 | 12 | 168 | 0.14% | 0 | |
Valid Votes | 78,819 | 37,323 | 3,908 | 120,050 | 100.00% | 3 | ||
Rejected Votes | 2,045 | 1,335 | 51 | 3,431 | 2.78% | |||
Total Polled | 80,864 | 38,658 | 3,959 | 123,481 | 82.01% | |||
Registered Electors | 101,391 | 49,184 | 150,575 | |||||
Turnout | 79.75% | 78.60% | 82.01% |
The following candidates were elected:[58][59]
- Personal mandates - Franz Fischler (ÖVP), 11,600 votes.
- Party mandates - Walter Meischberger (FPÖ), 4,184 votes; and Erwin Niederwieser (SPÖ), 2,761 votes.
Substitutions:
- Franz Fischler (ÖVP) resigned on 28 November 1994 and was replaced by Dieter Lukesch (ÖVP) on 29 November 1994.[60][61][62]
References
edit- ^ "Bevölkerung zu Jahresbeginn nach Politischen Bezirken bzw. Wiener Gemeindebezirken seit 2002" (in German). Vienna, Austria: Statistics Austria. Retrieved 9 July 2024.
- ^ "Stadtgebiet nach Nutzungsklassen und Gemeindebezirken" (in German). Vienna, Austria: Municipal Council and Landtag of Vienna. Archived from the original on 25 June 2024. Retrieved 9 July 2024.
- ^ "Nationalrat: Abgeordnete zum Nationalrat" (in German). Vienna, Austria: National Council. Retrieved 23 September 2024.
- ^ "471. Bundesgesetz über die Wahl des Nationalrates (Nationalrats-Wahlordnung 1992 — NRWO)" (PDF). Bundesgesetzblatt (in German). Vol. 1992, no. 164. Vienna, Austria. 4 August 1992. p. 1885. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 April 2024. Retrieved 10 July 2024 – via Rechtsinformationssystem des Bundes.
- ^ "471. Bundesgesetz über die Wahl des Nationalrates (Nationalrats-Wahlordnung 1992 — NRWO)" (PDF). Bundesgesetzblatt (in German). Vol. 1992, no. 164. Vienna, Austria. 4 August 1992. p. 1919. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 April 2024. Retrieved 10 July 2024 – via Rechtsinformationssystem des Bundes.
- ^ "322. Kundmachung des Bundesministers für Inneres über die Zahl der auf jeden Wahlkreis entfallenden Mandate für die Wahl des Nationalrates" (PDF). Bundesgesetzblatt (in German). Vol. 1993, no. 118. Vienna, Austria. 11 May 1993. p. 2708. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 October 2023. Retrieved 10 July 2024 – via Rechtsinformationssystem des Bundes.
- ^ "180. Kundmachung: Zahl der auf jeden Wahlkreis entfallenden Mandate für die Wahl des Nationalrates". Bundesgesetzblatt (in German). Vol. 2023. Vienna, Austria. 13 June 2023. p. 3. Archived from the original on 1 July 2023. Retrieved 18 July 2024 – via Rechtsinformationssystem des Bundes.
- ^ "Nationalratswahlen: Wahlkreiseinteilung" (in German). Vienna, Austria: Ministry of the Interior. Archived from the original on 21 April 2024. Retrieved 10 July 2024.
- ^ "Austrian National Council 2019 General". Election Guide. Arlington, U.S.A.: International Foundation for Electoral Systems. Archived from the original on 28 February 2024. Retrieved 10 July 2024.
- ^ "Electoral Assistance: ElecData, Compendium of Electoral Data - Austria". Strasbourg, France: Council of Europe. Archived from the original on 3 April 2024. Retrieved 10 July 2024.
- ^ Müller, Wolfgang C. (15 September 2005). "Austria: A Complex Electoral System with Subtle Effects". In Gallagher, Michael; Mitchell, Paul (eds.). The Politics of Electoral Systems. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. pp. 396–416. ISBN 9780191603280. Retrieved 10 July 2024.
- ^ a b c d "Nationalratswahlen: Überblick" (in German). Vienna, Austria: Ministry of the Interior. Archived from the original on 31 December 2023. Retrieved 10 July 2024.
- ^ a b c d e f g Reimink, Elwin. "Electoral System Change in Europe since 1945: Austria" (PDF). Electoral System Change in Europe since 1945. Jean-Benoit Pilet and Alan Renwick. pp. 7–8. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 February 2024. Retrieved 10 July 2024.
- ^ a b "Nationalratswahlen: Vorzugsstimmen" (in German). Vienna, Austria: Ministry of the Interior. Archived from the original on 19 January 2024. Retrieved 10 July 2024.
- ^ "Demokratiepaket soll Kluft zwischen Politik und Bürgern reduzieren" (in German). Vienna, Austria: Austrian Parliament. 31 January 2013. Retrieved 10 July 2024.
- ^ "Bundesrat befürwortet Stärkung des Persönlichkeitswahlrechts" (in German). Vienna, Austria: Austrian Parliament. 5 April 2013. Retrieved 10 July 2024.
- ^ "Nationalratswahl 2019: Ergebnisse auf Gemeindeebene und Landeswahlkreiseben" (in German). Vienna, Austria: Ministry of the Interior. Archived from the original on 15 November 2021. Retrieved 7 December 2021.
- ^ "Nationalratswahl 2019: Tirol - Regionalwahlkreis Innsbruck-Land". Bundeswahlen (in German). Vienna, Austria: Ministry of the Interior. Archived from the original on 19 September 2024. Retrieved 23 September 2024.
- ^ "Nationalratswahl 2019: Broschüre Landeswahlvorschläge" (PDF) (in German). Vienna, Austria: Ministry of the Interior. p. 49. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 February 2024. Retrieved 13 July 2024.
- ^ "Nationalrat seit 1920: Alle Abgeordneten zum Nationalrat seit 1920" (in German). Vienna, Austria: National Council. Retrieved 23 September 2024.
- ^ "Nationalratswahl 2017: Ergebnisse auf Gemeindeebene, Landeswahlkreisebene und Ergebnisse der Wahlkarten" (in German). Vienna, Austria: Ministry of the Interior. Archived from the original on 6 December 2021. Retrieved 8 December 2021.
- ^ "Nationalratswahl 2017: Tirol - Regionalwahlkreis Innsbruck-Land". Bundeswahlen (in German). Vienna, Austria: Ministry of the Interior. Archived from the original on 19 September 2024. Retrieved 23 September 2024.
- ^ "Nationalratswahl 2017: Landeswahlvorschläge - Landesparteilisten - Regionalparteilisten einschließlich erreichter Vorzugsstimmen" (PDF) (in German). Vienna, Austria: Ministry of the Interior. pp. 61–62. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 April 2023. Retrieved 9 July 2024.
- ^ "Nationalrat seit 1920: Alle Abgeordneten zum Nationalrat seit 1920" (in German). Vienna, Austria: National Council. Retrieved 23 September 2024.
- ^ "Nationalratswahl 2013: Ergebnisse auf Gemeindeebene, Landeswahlkreisebene und Ergebnisse der Wahlkarten" (in German). Vienna, Austria: Ministry of the Interior. Archived from the original on 29 January 2021. Retrieved 8 December 2021.
- ^ "Nationalratswahl 2013: Tirol - Regionalwahlkreis Innsbruck-Land". Bundeswahlen (in German). Vienna, Austria: Ministry of the Interior. Archived from the original on 19 September 2024. Retrieved 23 September 2024.
- ^ "Nationalratswahl 2013: Landeswahlvorschläge - Landesparteilisten - Regionalparteilisten einschließlich erreichter Vorzugsstimmen" (PDF) (in German). Vienna, Austria: Ministry of the Interior. p. 68. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 December 2023. Retrieved 13 July 2024.
- ^ "Nationalrat seit 1920: Alle Abgeordneten zum Nationalrat seit 1920" (in German). Vienna, Austria: National Council. Retrieved 23 September 2024.
- ^ "Nationalratswahl 2008: Ergebnisse auf Gemeindeebene, Landeswahlkreisebene und Ergebnisse der Wahlkarten" (in German). Vienna, Austria: Ministry of the Interior. Archived from the original on 28 February 2022. Retrieved 16 October 2021.
- ^ "Nationalratswahl 2008: Tirol - Regionalwahlkreis Innsbruck-Land". Bundeswahlen (in German). Vienna, Austria: Ministry of the Interior. Archived from the original on 19 September 2024. Retrieved 23 September 2024.
- ^ "Nationalratswahl 2008: Erzielte Vorzugstimmen auf Regionalwahlkreisebene" (PDF) (in German). Vienna, Austria: Ministry of the Interior. p. 61. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 February 2024. Retrieved 13 July 2024.
- ^ "Nationalrat seit 1920: Alle Abgeordneten zum Nationalrat seit 1920" (in German). Vienna, Austria: National Council. Retrieved 23 September 2024.
- ^ "Nationalratswahl 2006: Ergebnisse auf Gemeindeebene, Regionalwahlkreisebene, Landeswahlkreisebene, Ergebnisse der Wahlkarten" (in German). Vienna, Austria: Ministry of the Interior. Archived from the original on 17 July 2020. Retrieved 9 December 2021.
- ^ "Nationalratswahl 2006: Mandatsspiegel" (PDF) (in German). Vienna, Austria: Ministry of the Interior. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 May 2021. Retrieved 9 December 2021.
- ^ "Nationalratswahl 2006: Erzielte Vorzugstimmen auf Regionalwahlkreisebene" (PDF) (in German). Vienna, Austria: Ministry of the Interior. p. 42. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 June 2024. Retrieved 9 July 2024.
- ^ "Nationalrat seit 1920: Alle Abgeordneten zum Nationalrat seit 1920" (in German). Vienna, Austria: National Council. Retrieved 23 September 2024.
- ^ "Nationalratswahl 2002: Gesamtergebnis mit Wahlkartenergebnissen der Nationalratswahl 2002" (in German). Vienna, Austria: Ministry of the Interior. Archived from the original on 9 August 2022. Retrieved 9 December 2021.
- ^ "Nationalratswahl 2002: Mandatsvergabe - Bundesgebiet - Hauptübersicht" (PDF) (in German). Vienna, Austria: Ministry of the Interior. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 October 2021. Retrieved 9 December 2021.
- ^ "Nationalratswahl 2002: Erzielte Vorzugstimmen auf Regionalwahlkreisebene" (PDF) (in German). Vienna, Austria: Ministry of the Interior. pp. 25–26. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 November 2023. Retrieved 9 July 2024.
- ^ "Nationalrat seit 1920: Alle Abgeordneten zum Nationalrat seit 1920" (in German). Vienna, Austria: National Council. Retrieved 23 September 2024.
- ^ "Nationalratswahl 1999: Ergebnis der Nationalratswahl 1999" (in German). Vienna, Austria: Ministry of the Interior. Archived from the original on 9 July 2022. Retrieved 9 December 2021.
- ^ "Nationalratswahl 1999: Erzielte Mandate" (in German). Vienna, Austria: Ministry of the Interior. Archived from the original on 29 May 2024. Retrieved 23 September 2024.
- ^ "Nationalratswahl 1999: Vorzugsstimmen" (in German). Vienna, Austria: Ministry of the Interior. Archived from the original on 31 July 2022. Retrieved 9 July 2024.
- ^ "Nationalrat seit 1920: Alle Abgeordneten zum Nationalrat seit 1920" (in German). Vienna, Austria: National Council. Retrieved 23 September 2024.
- ^ "XXI. Gesetzgebungsperiode: 11. Sitzung des Nationalrates der Republik Österreich - Donnerstag, 24. Feber 2000" (PDF). Stenographisches Protokoll (in German). Vol. XXI, no. 11. Vienna, Austria: National Council. 24 February 2000. p. 11. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 July 2024. Retrieved 23 September 2024.
- ^ Nationalratswahl vom 17. Dezember 1995 (PDF) (in German). Vienna, Austria: Ministry of the Interior. 1996. pp. 246–249. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 June 2024. Retrieved 14 August 2024.
- ^ Nationalratswahl vom 17. Dezember 1995 (PDF) (in German). Vienna, Austria: Ministry of the Interior. 1996. p. 132. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 June 2024. Retrieved 14 August 2024.
- ^ Nationalratswahl vom 17. Dezember 1995 (PDF) (in German). Vienna, Austria: Ministry of the Interior. 1996. pp. 42–43. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 June 2024. Retrieved 14 August 2024.
- ^ "Nationalrat seit 1920: Alle Abgeordneten zum Nationalrat seit 1920" (in German). Vienna, Austria: National Council. Retrieved 23 September 2024.
- ^ "XX. Gesetzgebungsperiode: 159. Sitzung des Nationalrates der Republik Österreich - Mittwoch, 24. Februar 1999" (PDF). Stenographisches Protokoll (in German). Vol. XX, no. 159. Vienna, Austria: National Council. 24 February 1999. p. 20. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 October 2023. Retrieved 23 September 2024.
- ^ a b c Index zu den Stenographischen Protokollen des Nationalrates und des Bundesrates für die Zeit der XX. Gesetzgebungsperiode des Nationalrates, das ist vom 15. Jänner 1996 bis 28. Oktober 1999 (in German). Vienna, Austria: Austrian Parliament. 2011. Retrieved 23 September 2024.
- ^ a b Index zu den Stenographischen Protokollen des Nationalrates und des Bundesrates für die Zeit der XX. Gesetzgebungsperiode des Nationalrates, das ist vom 15. Jänner 1996 bis 28. Oktober 1999 (in German). Vienna, Austria: Austrian Parliament. 2011. Retrieved 23 September 2024.
- ^ "XX. Gesetzgebungsperiode: 165. Sitzung des Nationalrates der Republik Österreich - Mittwoch, 21. April 1999" (PDF). Stenographisches Protokoll (in German). Vol. XX, no. 165. Vienna, Austria: National Council. 21 April 1999. p. 25. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 December 2023. Retrieved 23 September 2024.
- ^ "XX. Gesetzgebungsperiode: 168. Sitzung des Nationalrates der Republik Österreich - Montag, 10. Mai 1999" (PDF). Stenographisches Protokoll (in German). Vol. XX, no. 168. Vienna, Austria: National Council. 10 May 1999. p. 14. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 August 2024. Retrieved 23 September 2024.
- ^ Index zu den Stenographischen Protokollen des Nationalrates und des Bundesrates für die Zeit der XX. Gesetzgebungsperiode des Nationalrates, das ist vom 15. Jänner 1996 bis 28. Oktober 1999 (in German). Vienna, Austria: Austrian Parliament. 2011. Retrieved 23 September 2024.
- ^ Nationalratswahl vom 9. Oktober 1994 (PDF) (in German). Vienna, Austria: Ministry of the Interior. 1995. pp. 232–235. ISBN 3-7046-0713-4. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 November 2021. Retrieved 10 December 2021.
- ^ Nationalratswahl vom 9. Oktober 1994 (PDF) (in German). Vienna, Austria: Ministry of the Interior. 1995. p. 132. ISBN 3-7046-0713-4. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 November 2021. Retrieved 10 December 2021.
- ^ Nationalratswahl vom 9. Oktober 1994 (PDF) (in German). Vienna, Austria: Ministry of the Interior. 1995. p. 40. ISBN 3-7046-0713-4. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 November 2021. Retrieved 10 December 2021.
- ^ "Nationalrat seit 1920: Alle Abgeordneten zum Nationalrat seit 1920" (in German). Vienna, Austria: National Council. Retrieved 23 September 2024.
- ^ "XIX. Gesetzgebungsperiode: 9. Sitzung des Nationalrates der Republik Österreich - Mittwoch, 30. November, und Donnerstag, 1. Dezember 1994" (PDF). Stenographisches Protokoll (in German). Vol. XIX, no. 9. Vienna, Austria: National Council. 1 December 1994. p. 15. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 December 2023. Retrieved 23 September 2024.
- ^ Index zu den Stenographischen Protokollen des Nationalrates und des Bundesrates für die Zeit der XIX. Gesetzgebungsperiode des Nationalrates, das ist vom 7. November 1994 bis 14. Jänner 1996 (PDF) (in German). Vienna, Austria: Austrian Parliament. 1996. p. 170. Retrieved 23 September 2024.
- ^ Index zu den Stenographischen Protokollen des Nationalrates und des Bundesrates für die Zeit der XIX. Gesetzgebungsperiode des Nationalrates, das ist vom 7. November 1994 bis 14. Jänner 1996 (PDF) (in German). Vienna, Austria: Austrian Parliament. 1996. p. 303. Retrieved 23 September 2024.