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Interstate 375 (Michigan)

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Interstate 375 (I-375) is a north–south auxiliary Interstate Highway in Detroit, Michigan, United States. It is the southernmost leg of the Walter P. Chrysler Freeway and a spur of I-75 into Downtown Detroit, ending at the unsigned Business Spur I-375 (BS I-375), better known as Jefferson Avenue. The freeway opened on June 12, 1964. At only 1.062 miles (1.709 km) in length, it once had the distinction of being the shortest signed Interstate Highway in the country before I-110 in El Paso, Texas, was signed. The Michigan Department of Transportation (MDOT) announced in 2021 plans to convert the freeway to a boulevard. Details of that project were revealed in April 2023 with MDOT reaffirming that construction is scheduled to begin in 2025.

Interstate 375 marker
Interstate 375
Walter P. Chrysler Freeway
Map
I-375 highlighted in red, BS I-375 in green
Route information
Auxiliary route of I-75
Maintained by MDOT
Length1.062 mi[1] (1.709 km)
ExistedJune 12, 1964 (1964-06-12)[2]–present
NHSEntire route
Major junctions
South endBS I-375 in Detroit
North end I-75 in Detroit
Location
CountryUnited States
StateMichigan
CountiesWayne
Highway system
← M-343→ I-475

Route description

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I-375 and the Chrysler Freeway begin at Jefferson Avenue between St. Antoine Street and Beaubien Street in Downtown Detroit near the Renaissance Center.[3] The freeway runs east before turning north. Just about a mile (1.6 km) after the southern terminus, I-375 meets the Fisher Freeway which carries I-75 north of downtown. At this interchange, I-75 takes ramps to leave the Fisher Freeway and uses the Chrysler Freeway, replacing I-375. I-375 is a four-lane freeway south of the I-75 interchange, where it widens to six lanes.[4] As with all other Interstate Highways, the entire length of I-375 is included on the National Highway System,[5] a network of roadways that are important to the country's economy, defense, and mobility.[6]

According to MDOT, I-375 is 1.062 miles (1.709 km).[1] At the time it opened until at least 2007, I-375 was the shortest signed Interstate in the country.[2] Based on Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) data, there are three Interstates that are shorter: I-110 in Texas (0.92 mi or 1.48 km), I-878 in New York (0.70 mi or 1.13 km), and I-315 in Montana (0.83 mi or 1.34 km).[7] The latter two designations are not signed on their respective roadways,[8] and I-110 in Texas has since been signed.[9]

Every year, MDOT conducts a series of surveys on its highways in the state to measure traffic volume. In 2009, MDOT calculated that 14,112 vehicles per day used the southernmost section of I-375 on average and 53,900 vehicles used the northernmost section near I-75. These vehicles included 798 trucks.[10]

History

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A view of I-375, looking northbound

Construction on the first segments of the Chrysler Freeway started on January 30, 1959.[11] The area where the freeway was built was called Black Bottom, a historic district that received its name from the soil found there by French explorers.[12] In the 1940s and 1950s, the area was home to a community of African-American entrepreneurs and businesses that rivaled Harlem in New York City. Black Bottom was one of the oldest neighborhoods in the city, and, at the time of freeway construction, it had wooden sewers and dilapidated buildings.[13] In the 1950s and 1960s, many lower-class African-American residents lived in overcrowded and run-down housing in Black Bottom. These residents could not afford to maintain their homes because of their low income, leading outsiders to view the area as neglected and in need of updating and development.[14] The area, like Corktown to the west of downtown, was targeted by urban planners for urban renewal and infrastructure improvements in the 1950s and 1960s, which included the Chrysler Freeway and public housing projects.[13] In the case of the construction of the Chrysler Freeway, some of the most crucial entertainment and cultural communities in Detroit, Black Bottom, and Paradise Valley were destroyed.[15]

On June 12, 1964, a surface street highway/freeway in Detroit that ran north from Jefferson Avenue and Randolph Street to the Fisher/Chrysler freeway interchange was opened.[2][10] The southernmost segment, built through the Black Bottom neighborhood,[16] was designated I-375 at this time.[2][10] The freeway cost $50 million to build (equivalent to $376 million in 2023[17]).[16]

Future

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In April 2013, MDOT announced that it was studying whether to repair the freeway at a cost of $80 million (equivalent to $103 million in 2023[17]) or convert the freeway south of Gratiot Avenue into a boulevard to reduce maintenance cost. This change would make the area more pedestrian-friendly and bring new developers and residents into the neighborhood. Converting this segment of the freeway and its right-of-way to a boulevard would free up 12 acres (4.9 ha) of land for development.[18] The department invited businesses and other groups affected by the potential project to participate in the study in November 2013. Advocates of the conversion cite increased pedestrian access and an improved connection between Eastern Market and downtown as reasons to remove the freeway.[16] Also, because the freeway has outdated geometric conditions, such as ramp widths and curvature, the high crash rates and congestion of I-375 are used to support the freeway's removal.[19] Some people who live or work along the freeway and in the downtown area note the improved access I-375 provides to the area as reasons to retain the freeway.[16]

Six alternative proposals for rebuilding I-375 were unveiled by MDOT in June 2014. They ranged in price from $40 million to $80 million (equivalent to $50.7 million–101 million in 2023[17]). These options included rebuilding the freeway as is, reducing it to a boulevard or multiple one-way streets, or upgrading the existing freeway right-of-way to include bike lanes and other pedestrian-friendly features.[20] In January 2016, the department announced that any decision on a course of action would be delayed indefinitely.[21] However, in May 2017, MDOT announced it was going forward with an environmental assessment to identify a preferred alternative.[22] In December 2017, the department announced that they were down to two alternatives, both of which involved replacing the freeway with a boulevard.[23] Both alternatives presented included a four-lane surface boulevard between Gratiot Avenue and Atwater Street.[19]

In January 2020, the State Transportation Commission removed the project from its five-year plan citing other priorities, pushing the potential completion of the project back to 2027.[24] A refined locally preferred alternative consisting of a boulevard aligned within the southbound lanes of the current freeway was chosen in January 2021.[25] The proposed boulevard is six lanes between the interchanges with I-75 and Jefferson Avenue, and four lanes in width south of Jefferson; it also includes a two-way cycle track on the east side of the boulevard.[26] Costs for the full project were estimated at $250 million, including $200 million for the reconstruction of the interchange, $50 million for the boulevard, and $20 million for reconstruction of Gratiot Avenue east of the intersection.[26]

In November 2021, Governor Gretchen Whitmer requested funding for the project from the United States Department of Transportation under the newly created Reconnecting Communities program.[27] In March 2022, the Federal Highway Administration returned a finding of no significant impact, allowing the project to enter its design phase.[26] On September 15, 2022, it was announced by US Secretary of Transportation Pete Buttigieg that the state of Michigan had received a $105 million federal grant from the Infrastructure for Rebuilding America grant program for the project; reactions to the announcement were mixed at the time. MDOT announced that construction would start in 2025 with an expected completion in 2028.[28]

Exit list

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The entire highway is in Detroit, Wayne County. All exits are unnumbered.

mi[1]kmDestinationsNotes
0.0000.000Jefferson Avenue west (BS I-375 south) – Civic CenterContinuation beyond southern terminus
0.4300.692Jefferson Avenue eastSouthbound exit and northbound entrance
0.6891.109Lafayette Avenue, Macomb AvenueSouthbound exit and northbound entrance
0.9191.479 
  I-75 south – Toledo
 
  M-3 north (Gratiot Avenue)		Northbound exit and southbound entrance; exit 51C on I-75
1.0621.709Madison StreetSouthbound left exit and northbound left entrance
 
  I-75 north – Flint		Northern terminus; exit 51C on I-75; Chrysler Freeway continues north on I-75
1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi

Business spur

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Business Spur Interstate 375
LocationDetroit
Length0.167 mi[1] (269 m)
Existed1964[2]–present

Business Spur Interstate 375 (BS I-375), which is 0.167 miles (0.269 km) long, is an unsigned business route that continues west on Jefferson Avenue from the southern end of I-375, ending at the entrance to the Detroit–Windsor Tunnel at Randolph Street. Jefferson Avenue past that intersection is M-10.[1] BS I-375 runs next to the Renaissance Center and under a segment of the People Mover.[4] This designation was created in 1964.[2][a] The 2009 traffic surveys by MDOT reported that 33,376 vehicles, including 922 trucks, had used BS I-375 on an average day.[10]

Major junctions
The entire highway is in Detroit, Wayne County.

mi[1]kmDestinationsNotes
0.0000.000 
  M-10 north (Jefferson Avenue west)
Randolph Street		Southern termini of BS I-375 and M-10; Jefferson Avenue continues west as M-10
0.1670.269Jefferson Avenue east
 
  
  I-375 north to I-75 – Flint		Interchange; northern terminus; southern terminus of I-375
1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ The section of Jefferson Avenue that connects I-375 with M-10 is combined with the freeway as I-375 on MDOT right-of-way (ROW) maps that document property transfers and ROW descriptions,[29] but in the department's Physical Reference Finder Application the street is marked as BS I-375,[1] a designation missing from the official state map for the public.[4]

References

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  1. ^ a b c d e f g Michigan Department of Transportation (2021). Next Generation PR Finder (Map). Michigan Department of Transportation. Retrieved October 11, 2021.
  2. ^ a b c d e f American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (2006). "Today in Interstate History: June 12, 1964". The Interstate is 50. American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. Archived from the original on August 4, 2007. Retrieved March 25, 2010.
  3. ^ Greenwood, Tom (May 10, 2006). "Both Directions of I-375 in Detroit Will Close Today". The Detroit News. p. 2A. ISSN 1055-2715. OCLC 137348716.
  4. ^ a b c Michigan Department of Transportation (2013). Pure Michigan: State Transportation Map (Map). c. 1:221,760. Lansing: Michigan Department of Transportation. Downtown inset. § H13. OCLC 42778335, 861227559.
  5. ^ Federal Highway Administration (August 2003). National Highway System: Detroit, MI (PDF) (Map). Scale not given. Washington, DC: Federal Highway Administration. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 28, 2011. Retrieved November 13, 2010.
  6. ^ Natzke, Stefan; Neathery, Mike & Adderly, Kevin (June 26, 2013). "What is the National Highway System?". National Highway System. Federal Highway Administration. Retrieved July 1, 2013.
  7. ^ Federal Highway Administration (October 31, 2002). "Table 2: Auxiliary Routes of the Dwight D. Eisenhower National System of Interstate and Defense Highways as of October 31, 2002". Route Log and Finder List. Federal Highway Administration. OCLC 47914009. Retrieved March 25, 2010.
  8. ^ Rand McNally (2013). The Road Atlas (2013 Walmart ed.). Chicago: Rand McNally. ISBN 978-0-528-00626-5. OCLC 773666955.
    • "Montana" (Map). 1:190,080. pp. 60–1. Great Falls inset. § N16.
    • "New York: New York City" (Map). 1:126,720. pp. 72–3. New York City & Vicinity inset. §§ J13–14.
  9. ^ Texas Department of Transportation (2010). I-110, US 54, I-10 and US 180 (Highway guide sign). El Paso, TX: Texas Department of Transportation. Retrieved April 11, 2014.
  10. ^ a b c d Bureau of Transportation Planning (2008). "Traffic Monitoring Information System". Michigan Department of Transportation. Retrieved November 13, 2010.
  11. ^ Barnett, LeRoy (2004). A Drive Down Memory Lane: The Named State and Federal Highways of Michigan. Allegan Forest, Michigan: Priscilla Press. p. 233. ISBN 1-886167-24-9. OCLC 57425393.
  12. ^ Binelli, Mark (2012). Detroit City Is the Place to Be: The Afterlife of an American Metropolis. New York: Metropolitan Books. p. 20. ISBN 978-0-8050-9229-5. OCLC 753631067 – via Google Books.
  13. ^ a b Gallagher, John (December 15, 2013). "When Detroit Paved over Paradise: The Story of I-375". Detroit Free Press. pp. 17A, 18A. ISSN 1055-2758. OCLC 10345127, 137343179. Retrieved July 13, 2018 – via Newspapers.com.
  14. ^ Sugrue, Thomas J. (1996). The Origins of the Urban Crisis. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-12186-9.[page needed]
  15. ^ Vejendla, Nithin (July 5, 2020). "Freeways Are Detroit's Most Enduring Monuments to Racism. Let's Excise Them". Opinion. Detroit Free Press. Retrieved November 19, 2020.
  16. ^ a b c d Gallagher, John (November 24, 2013). "I-375: Walk? Or Drive?". Detroit Free Press. pp. 1A, 12A. ISSN 1055-2758. OCLC 10345127, 137343179. Retrieved July 13, 2018 – via Newspapers.com.
  17. ^ a b c Johnston, Louis & Williamson, Samuel H. (2023). "What Was the U.S. GDP Then?". MeasuringWorth. Retrieved November 30, 2023. United States Gross Domestic Product deflator figures follow the MeasuringWorth series.
  18. ^ Gautz, Christ (April 29, 2013). "Among Ideas to Revamp I-375: A Boulevard". Crain's Detroit Business. Archived from the original on November 12, 2020. Retrieved October 21, 2013.
  19. ^ a b I-375 Advisory Committee (September 16, 2019). "I-375 Improvement Project Meeting Summary" (PDF). Michigan Department of Transportation. Retrieved November 13, 2019.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  20. ^ Gallagher, John (June 8, 2014). "Reimagining I-375: Choose from 6 Ways to Rebuild or Replace the Detroit Expressway". Detroit Free Press. pp. 1A, 10A. ISSN 1055-2758. OCLC 10345127, 137343179. Retrieved July 13, 2018 – via Newspapers.com.
  21. ^ Gallagher, John (January 26, 2016). "What Next for I-375? Final Decision Delayed". Detroit Free Press. pp. 3A, 8A. ISSN 1055-2758. OCLC 10345127, 137343179. Retrieved July 13, 2018 – via Newspapers.com.
  22. ^ Morosi, Rob (n.d.). "MDOT Hosting Open House to Discuss Next Steps on I-375 Environmental Study in Detroit" (Press release). Michigan Department of Transportation. Retrieved May 9, 2017.
  23. ^ Gallagher, John (December 5, 2017). "MDOT Moving Ahead with Plan to Rip Out I-375". Detroit Free Press. pp. 1A, 11A. ISSN 1055-2758. OCLC 10345127, 137343179. Retrieved July 13, 2018 – via Newspapers.com.
  24. ^ "State: Detroit's I-375 Won't Become a Surface Street Anytime Soon". Deadline Detroit. July 27, 2020. Retrieved September 16, 2022.
  25. ^ "Gov. Whitmer Announces I-375 Modernization Project Advancing in Detroit to Reconnect Communities, Fix the Damn Roads and Create Good-Paying Jobs" (Press release). Executive Office of the Governor. Retrieved September 16, 2022.
  26. ^ a b c Lawrence, Eric D. (March 17, 2022). "I-375 Replacement Project in Detroit Moves Closer to Reality, Gets OK from Feds". Detroit Free Press. Retrieved September 16, 2022.
  27. ^ DeVito, Lee (November 24, 2021). "Whitmer Requests Federal Funds to Fix the Damn I-375, Citing Its Racist Legacy". Detroit Metro Times. Retrieved January 4, 2022.[permanent dead link‍]
  28. ^ Duffy, Mike (September 15, 2022). "Detroiters React to I-375 Being Converted into a Boulevard". Detroit: WXYZ-TV. Retrieved September 16, 2022.
  29. ^ Michigan Department of Transportation & Gosselin Group (February 11, 2010). "Wayne County" (PDF) (Map). Right-of-Way File Application. Lansing: Michigan Department of Transportation. Sheet 173. Retrieved April 11, 2014.
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