Inverlochy Castle (Scottish Gaelic: Caisteal Inbhir Lòchaidh) is a ruined, 13th-century castle near Inverlochy and Fort William, Highland, Scotland. The site of two battles, the castle remains largely unchanged since its construction. It is now in the care of Historic Environment Scotland.
History
editInverlochy Castle was built circa 1270–1280 by John "the Black" Comyn, Lord of Badenoch and Lochaber, and chief of the Clan Comyn. It may have been built on the site of an earlier Pictish fortification and settlement, which the historian Hector Boece (1465–1536) records as a "city" that was destroyed by Vikings.[1] After Robert the Bruce succeeded to the Scottish throne in 1306, he captured and burned the castle the following year.[2] The Comyns were thus dispossessed, and the ruined castle was unoccupied for a time.[1] In 1431, clansmen of Alexander MacDonald, Lord of the Isles, defeated King James I's larger army in the first Battle of Inverlochy, fought close by the castle. It came under control of the Clan Cameron until 1501.
In 1505, the partially ruined castle was granted to Alexander Gordon, 3rd Earl of Huntly, who was charged by King James IV with repairing the castle for use as a Royal garrison.[1] His brother William Gordon, Laird of Gight, became master of Inverlochy, and was slain commanding the Camerons at Flodden. In 1645, the castle served as a stopping-off point for the royalist army of James Graham, 1st Marquess of Montrose during his campaign against the Covenanter forces of the Marquess of Argyll. This culminated in a victory for the royalists in the second Battle of Inverlochy, on 2 February 1645. In the 19th century, the estate was bought by James Scarlett, 1st Baron Abinger, who built a Scottish baronial style mansion to the north-west, which is now the Inverlochy Castle Hotel. Minor enhancements, including the restoration of loops and battlements, were carried out by Lord Abinger in advance of the visit of Queen Victoria in 1873.
Description
editInverlochy is now a ruin, but is unusual because it has remained unaltered since it was built in the reign of King Alexander III. The castle is sited on the south bank of the River Lochy, at the strategically important entrance to the Great Glen, a key passage through the Scottish Highlands. With one side defended by the river, the castle's other three sides were originally protected by a water-filled ditch.[1] Inverlochy is a castle of enceinte, with its main defence being a substantial curtain wall. The simple layout comprises a quadrangular courtyard, 31 by 27 metres (102 by 89 ft) across, surrounded by a wall up to 2.7 metres (8.9 ft) thick and up to 7.6 metres (25 ft) high, with round towers at each corner.[3] The largest of these, known as the Comyn Tower, is 6.1 metres (20 ft) across the interior, and served as the castle's "donjon", or keep. The smaller towers are 14 feet (4.3 m), and all four have stairways curving up within the thickness of the walls.[3] The main entrance was to the south, with a "water gate" facing the river to the north.[1] Both entrances were defended by a portcullis, and the south door may have had an interior gatehouse.[3]
The ruined castle is now a scheduled monument.[4]
References
edit- ^ a b c d e Historic Environment Scotland. "Inverlochy Castle (23701)". Canmore. Retrieved 12 November 2008.
- ^ Crome, Sarah. Scotland's First War of Independence, p. 100.
- ^ a b c MacGibbon, David and Ross, Thomas. (1887) The Castellated and Domestic Architecture of Scotland Vol. 1. Edinburgh: David Douglas
- ^ Historic Environment Scotland. "Inverlochy Castle (SM90172)". Retrieved 24 February 2019.
External links
edit
- Inverlochy Castle at Historic Environment Scotland
- www.inverlochycastle.co.uk
- Lewis, John; Smith, Helen (1998). "Excavations at Inverlochy Castle, Inverness-shire, 1983-95" (PDF). Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland. 128: 619–644.
- Inverlochy Castle Virtual Tour