Iran and Serbia maintain diplomatic relations established between Iran and Kingdom of Yugoslavia in 1937.
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Relations
editYugoslav Wars
editIran's relations with Serbia (then part of Yugoslavia) were strained during the Yugoslav Wars in which Iran supported the government of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina against opposing rebel Bosnian Serb forces. According to a former Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) commander, the IRGC sent 400 of its fighters to Bosnia during the war to train Bosnian mujahideen fighters.[1] In addition to training, Iran was given the green light by the Clinton administration to supply the Army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina with an extensive array of weaponry including assault rifles, ammunition, mortars, anti-tank weapons and SAM's.[2]
Unsubstantiated reports during the Kosovo War stated that Iran sent up to four arms shipments to the KLA.[3]
Iran Air's refueling hub in Belgrade
edit
From March to June 2011, Iran Air made scheduled landings in Belgrade for fueling aircraft which had been denied kerosene in airports in the European Union.[4] After 18 June 2011, Belgrade Nikola Tesla Airport revoked landing rights for Iran Air,[5] citing pressure from the United States.[6]
Non-Aligned Movement
editThe Imperial State of Iran and the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia were the founding members of the Non-Aligned Movement in 1961.
In September 2011, the Deputy Foreign Minister of Iran, Mohammed Akondzadeh, visited Serbia during the annual Non-Aligned Movement council held in Belgrade that year,[7] declared that Iran did not recognize Kosovo as a sovereign nation, and that he hoped friendly relations between Serbia and Iran would progress further.[8] Less than a year later, Ivan Mrkić traveled to Tehran to represent Serbia at the 16th Summit of the Non-Aligned Movement. It was reported on 31 August 2012 that Mrkić addressed the summit participants that Serbia wishes to remain engaged with Non-Aligned Movement member states while devoting to accession to the EU.[9]
Conflicting EU interest
editSerbia put sanctions on Iran as a part of EU accession procedure, according to local media in November 2012.[10] The announcement of sanctions met very harsh criticism among Serbian media and political writers and reflected a divide between the actions of the Serbian government and the opinions of Serbian citizens.[11][12] Professor Predrag Simić of the UB Faculty of Political Science said in an interview with S Media that Iran seemed to be tolerant of the Serbian government's accession into the EU, and inferred that it was possible that relations with Iran would not be as damaged as they are with other western nation's despite Serbia's sanctions.[13] In 2013, Serbia's ambassador in Tehran Aleksandar Tasić met with Mahmoud Ahmadinejad; the meeting was cited by Mohammad Reza Rahimi in a note of congratulations to Serbia's state holiday on 15 February, in which it was stated that there are "no impediments" to further relations between Tehran and Belgrade.[14]
Visa waiver agreement
editOn 23 August 2017, the government of Serbia announced on its website that citizens of the Islamic Republic of Iran as well as those of India can travel to Serbia without applying to obtain visas.[15] This agreement was abolished by the Serbian government over EU pressure on 8 October 2018,[16] and the abolition entered into force on 17 October 2018.[17]
Before the agreement was abolished, three Iranian airlines maintained flights between Tehran and Belgrade.[citation needed] After the abolition, only Mahan Air maintains direct scheduled flights between Iran and Serbia.
Recent period
editIn April 2016, the Serbian President Tomislav Nikolic paid a state visit to Iran, meeting different Islamic Republic officials including President Hassan Rouhani and vice president for science and technology Sorena Sattari. The Serbian president was one of several European heads of state and government who traveled to Iran once international sanctions over Tehran's nuclear program were lifted.[18]
In March 2018, after a 27-year hiatus, it was decided that direct flights would resume between the two capitals, namely Tehran and Belgrade. Iran's flag carrier Iran Air offered a direct service between the two capitals twice weekly, and the other Iranian airline Qeshm Air also expressed its interest for flying to Belgrade.[19]
In April 2021, Iran reaffirmed their support for Serbia in their dispute with Kosovo.[20]
Cultural relations
editThere is an Iranian cultural center in Belgrade.[21]
Resident diplomatic missions
editSee also
editReferences
edit- ^ Aarabi, Kasra (February 2020). "The Expansionist Ideology of Iran's Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps" (PDF). Tony Blair Institute for Global Change: 38. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 October 2022. Retrieved 7 August 2021.
- ^ Risen, James; McManus, Doyle (5 April 1996). "US OKd Iranian Arms for Bosnia, Officials Say". LA Times. Retrieved 7 August 2021.
- ^ Samii, William (23 April 1999). "Iranian Attitudes toward the Kosovo Crisis". The Washington Institute of Near East Policy. Retrieved 7 August 2021.
- ^ Photos: Airbus A300B4-605R Aircraft Pictures, Airliners.net, 28 March 2011.
- ^ Aerodrom „Nikola Tesla“ otkazao usluge kompaniji "Iran air", Blic Online, 25 June 2011.
- ^ Iran Air ends Belgrade technical stop, EX-YU Aviation News, 24 June 2011.
- ^ RTS – Nesvrstani ponovo u Beogradu (Serbian)
- ^ Iran ne priznaje Kosovo, Kurir, 7 September 2011.
- ^ B92 - Serbian foreign minister addresses NAM summit Archived 1 September 2012 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 31 August 2012.
- ^ Vesti Online (Serbian): Srbija uvela sankcije Iranu 3 November 2012
- ^ Srbin: БРУКА: Србија увела санкције Ирану! 3 November 2012
- ^ Standard: MIHAIL VAŠČENKO: ZAŠTO SRBIJA KAŽNJAVA IRAN I BELORUSIJU Archived 9 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine 20 November 2012
- ^ S Media: Srbija u EU: Uvodimo sankcije zemljama koje nisu priznale Kosovo? Archived 11 October 2012 at the Wayback Machine 3 November 2012
- ^ Fars News Agency: VP: Iran Keep to Develop Ties with Serbia Archived 10 April 2013 at archive.today 15 February 2013
- ^ InSerbia Network Foundation: Serbia abolishes visas for Iran and India[permanent dead link] 23 August 2017
- ^ AP News 23 October 2018
- ^ Statement by the Embassy of The Republic of Serbia Tehran
- ^ "Embassy of the Republic of Serbia in the Islamic Republic of Iran".
- ^ "Iran, Serbia resume direct flights after 27-year gap | Arab News". 10 March 2018.
- ^ "Serbia's FM: Iran supports Serbia on the issue of Kosovo". N1 News. 18 April 2021. Retrieved 7 August 2021.
- ^ "Kulturni centar I.R. Irana u Beogradu – Zvanicni Portal (Serbian)". Archived from the original on 26 May 2012. Retrieved 2 April 2012.
