Isaiah the Solitary (? – 11 August 491), also known as Isaiah of Gaza, Isaias the Solitary, Abba Isaiah, or possibly also Isaiah of Scetis, was a Christian ascetic and monastic writer known from the Sayings of the Desert Fathers[1] and various Palestinian Miaphysite sources.[2][3] He is canonized as a saint by the Coptic Orthodox Church, with his feast day on the 11th day of the month Abib (Epip) in the Coptic calendar.[4]
Saint Isaiah the Solitary | |
|---|---|
| Abba | |
| Died | 491 AD Gaza |
| Venerated in | Eastern Orthodox Church Oriental Orthodox Church Roman Catholic Church |
| Feast | 3 July |
Tradition or genre | Desert Fathers |
His work "On Guarding the Intellect" can be found in the Philokalia.
Life
editAlthough he was active in Gaza (as he was quoted by Barsanuphius of Gaza), Isaiah was a product of the Egyptian monasticism which had developed in the 4th century in the Kellia (Cells) of the desert of Scetes, where he was first a monk during the early 400s.[4] There, he lived on a mountain and moved then to Palestine.[5][6][7]
Much of Isaiah's writings were instructive for monks and solitaries. Very few of his writings are extant, as the majority of them have been destroyed by Muslims.[8]
Isaiah was also influential in bringing Christianity to Palestine.[9] He was also in contact with intellectuals of the city of Gaza such as Aeneas of Gaza, one of the members of the Rhetorical School of Gaza, who consulted him in regard to the philosophical writings of Plato, Aristotle and Plontius. He also became a close friend of Peter the Iberian and the two would meet periodically.[10]
He died as a hermit in a monastery near Gaza on 11 August 491.[4][5][11]
Writings
editMany of Isaiah's works have been lost. The Asceticon, a collection of about 30 discourses on Christian asceticism, was especially popular in the Eastern Orthodox monastic tradition, and has survived in many translations in Syriac (6th century), Coptic (6th century), Ethiopic (8th century, translation from Coptic), Armenian (8th century), Arabic, and Georgian (of which only logoi 3, 7, 23, and 27 have survived). The Syriac version of his Asceticon, which is only a partial translation of the original Greek text, has been translated into French.
Excerpts of his writings are also included in the Philokalia.[12] His work the 'Book on Religious Exercises and Quiet' is also available in English.[13]
Isaiah of Scetis
editSome scholars suggest that Isaiah of Gaza and Isaiah of Scetis were in fact two different people, with the Asceticon first written by Isaiah of Scetis (d. early 5th century) and later edited by Isaiah of Gaza (d. 491).[14]
References
edit- ^ Ward, Benedicta (1984). The sayings of the Desert Fathers: the alphabetical collection. Kalamazoo, MI: Cistercian Publications. ISBN 0-87907-959-2.
- ^ "Commentaire d'Abba Isaïe, Catéchèses Aimilianos de Simonos Petra". Monastère De Solan (in French). 2017-07-26. Retrieved 2021-11-12.
- ^ Houdaille, Clémence (2018-03-24). "Isaïe de Gaza". La Croix (in French). Retrieved 2021-11-12.
- ^ a b c "Claremont Coptic Encyclopedia". Claremont Colleges Digital Library. Claremont Colleges. Retrieved 2021-11-12.
- ^ a b "Our Holy Father Isaiah the Solitary. Commemorated July 3 (Civil Date: July 16 )". www.orthodox.net.
- ^ "Isaiah the Solitary". Isaiah the Solitary | Red Zambala. November 20, 2013.
- ^ "Abba Isaiah the Solitary Part 1". Wind Ministries.
- ^ "July". POKROV.
- ^ Harmless, William (2004). Desert Christians: An Introduction to the Literature of Early Monasticism. Oxford [Oxfordshire]: Oxford University Press. pp. 265–267. ISBN 0-19-516222-6.
- ^ Bitton-Ashkelony, Brouria; Kofsky, Aryeh (February 2006). The Monastic School of Gaza. Brill. pp. 22, 27. ISBN 9789047408444. Retrieved 12 November 2023.
- ^ "St. Isaiah the Solitary of Seeds and Palestine (370)". www.holytrinityorthodox.com.
- ^ Palmer, G. E. H.; Ware, Kallistos; Sherrard, Philip (1979). The Philokalia: The Complete Text. Vol. 1. London: Faber and Faber. ISBN 0-571-11377-X.
- ^ Curtin, D. P. (1 November 2022). Book on Religious Exercise and Quiet. ISBN 9781960069634.
- ^ "Isaiah of Scetis". e-GEDSH. Retrieved 2021-11-12.
Further reading
edit
- Chryssavgis, John. "Abba Isaiah of Scetis: Aspects of Spiritual Direction," Studia Patristica 35 (2001): 32–40.
- Chryssavgis, John and Penkett, Robert. "Abba Isaiah of Scetis: Ascetic Discourses." Cistercian Publications (2002). ISBN 0879075503.
- Chitty, Derwas J. "Abba Isaiah." Journal of Theological Studies n.s. 22 (1971): 47–72.
- Regnault, Lucien. "Isaïe de Scété ou de Gaza." In Dictionnaire de spiritualité ascétique et mystique: doctrine et histoire, 7:2083–2095. Paris: G. Beauchesne et ses fils, 1932–1995.
- Regnault, Lucien. "Isaïe de Scété ou de Gaza? Note critiques en marge d'une introduction au probleme iasïen." Revue d'ascétique et mystique 46 (1970): 33–44.