Ishad

Ishad was an Old Turkic word used to designate the highest-ranking Göktürk generals (e.g., Buri-sad). It is also used in some Arabic sources to describe the Khagan Bek of the Khazars. Brook,^[1] citing Golden,^[2] proposes that Ishad is a variant of Shad, a Turkic title of Iranian origin.

Notes

^ Brook, Kevin A. (2018). The Jews of Khazaria (3rd ed.). Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. p. 261.
^ Golden, Peter B. (1980). Khazar Studies: An Historio-Philological Inquiry into the Origins of the Khazars. Vol. 1. Akadémiai Kiadó. p. 208.

References

Kevin Alan Brook. The Jews of Khazaria. 3rd ed. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2018.
Douglas M. Dunlop. The History of the Jewish Khazars, Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1954.
Peter B. Golden. Khazar Studies: An Historio-Philological Inquiry into the Origins of the Khazars. Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1980.
Norman Golb and Omeljan Pritsak, Khazarian Hebrew Documents of the Tenth Century. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1982.

[1] Brook, Kevin A. (2018). The Jews of Khazaria (3rd ed.). Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. p. 261.

[2] Golden, Peter B. (1980). Khazar Studies: An Historio-Philological Inquiry into the Origins of the Khazars. Vol. 1. Akadémiai Kiadó. p. 208.

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