Jørgen Brønlund (14 December 1877 – November 1907[1]) was a Greenlandic polar explorer,[2] educator, and catechist.[3] He participated in two Danish expeditions to Greenland in the early 20th century.
Early years
editBrønlund, a Greenlandic Inuk and the son of a hunter,[4] was born in Ilulissat, Greenland, Kingdom of Denmark, then known as Jakobshavn, on 14 December 1877. He was a childhood friend of Knud Rasmussen whose father was a priest in Jakobshavn. Trained as a teacher,[5] Brønlund graduated in 1901 from Nuuk College and was employed as a catechist at a trading post near the Nuup Kangerlua estuary.
Career
editAlong with Rasmussen, Harald Moltke, and Ludvig Mylius-Erichsen, Brønlund was a member of the 1902-1903 Danish Literary Greenland Expedition.[6] At its conclusion, Brønlund went to Denmark. Here, he studied drawing with Kristian Zahrtmann and taught in Askov at Denmark's largest folk high school.
An expert interpreter, one of Brønlund's responsibilities during the 1906 Danish Expedition to Northeast Greenland under Mylius-Erichsen was to keep a travel diary,[7] and to drive the dogs.[8] He died in November 1907 of hunger and freezing while travelling back from the Independence Fjord and attempting to return to their base camp. He was found near the depot in Lambert Land on 13 March 1908 along with his diary that recounted the fate of Mylius-Erichsen and the expedition's cartographer, Niels Peter Høeg Hagen, both of whom died before Brønlund in Nioghalvfjerdsbrae at 79° latitude. He was buried where he was found,[9] at Kap Bergendahl in southeast Lambert Land. The headland is also known today as Brønlunds Grave (Danish: Brønlunds Grav).[10]
The last entry of his diary reads as follows:
I perished in 77° N lat., under the hardships of the return journey over the inland ice in November. I reached this place under a waning moon, and cannot go on, because of my frozen feet and the darkness. The bodies of the others are in the middle of the fjord. Hagen died on November 15, Mylius-Erichsen some ten days later.[11]
Legacy
editThe 172-page diary is archived at the Royal Danish Library.[12] A memorial stone erected in Copenhagen's harbor quotes the diary's last lines.[5]
Jørgen Brønlund Fjord in Peary Land is named in his honor.[13] The one hundred year anniversary of his birth was commemorated by the issue of a Greenlandic postal stamp.[14]
Also by a medallion of G (Eugene L. Daub), Sculptor, Pennsylvania:
References
edit- ^ Mirsky, Jeannette (1998). To the Arctic!: The Story of Northern Exploration from Earliest Times (2 ed.). University of Chicago Press. p. 236. ISBN 0-226-53179-1.
- ^ Bærenholdt, Jørgen Ole (2007). Coping with distances: producing nordic Atlantic societies. Berghahn Series. Berghahn Books. p. 157. ISBN 978-1-84545-290-2.
- ^ Rasmussen, Knud; Herring, G.; Moltke, Harald Viggo (1908). The people of the polar north: a record. K. Paul, Trench, Trübner & Co. p. 70. ISBN 9780790570716. Archived from the original on 2023-10-27. Retrieved 2024-06-02.
- ^ Danish biographical dictionary, Volume 3 (1979), p. 38
- ^ a b "Jørgen Brønlund". gravsted.dk. Archived from the original on 21 September 2010. Retrieved 5 October 2010.
- ^ Geir O. Kløver, ed. (2009). Recall: Reflections of a Polar Explorer. Oslo, Norway: Fram Museum. p. 14. ISBN 978-82-8235-003-7.
- ^ "The Ilulissat Ice Fjord". kulturarv.dk. Archived from the original on 22 March 2012. Retrieved 5 October 2010.
- ^ Greely, Adolphus Washington (1912). True tales of Arctic heroism in the New world. C. Scribner's sons. p. 364.
- ^ Royal Scottish Geographical Society (1908). Scottish geographical magazine. Vol. 24. p. 548.
- ^ "Place names, NE Greenland". Archived from the original on 2018-09-24. Retrieved 2024-06-02.
- ^ Spencer Apollonio, Lands That Hold One Spellbound: A Story of East Greenland, 2008 pp. 117
- ^ "Jørgen Brønlund: Dagbog 1907" (in Danish). Det Kongelige Bibliotek. Archived from the original on 3 February 2011. Retrieved 5 October 2010.
- ^ Meroplankton in Jorgen Bronlund Fjord, North Greenland. Museum Tusculanum Press. 1984. ISBN 87-635-1159-2. Archived from the original on 2023-10-27. Retrieved 2024-06-02.
- ^ "GREENLAND stamp 1977 Jørgen Brønlund". Retrieved 5 October 2010.
External links
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