The Jüdische Humanitätsgesellschaft (Jewish Humanities Society) was a Zionist organisation founded in Germany in 1893 by Max Bodenheimer, Heinrich Loewe,[1] and Max Oppenheimer.The organisation was created as a response to аntisemitism.[2] The name that was chosen for the organisation was neutral because most of the German Jews opposed Zionism.[3] It became a group for many future leaders in German Zionism.[4] Members included Arthur Menachem Hantke.[5] Because the organisation had not set any clear goals except that of Jewish self-awareness ("its name was as mysterious as its purpose"),[1] it attracted many young students.[6]
The organization joined with Jung Israel to form the Vereinigung Jüdischer Studierender, on 4 July 1895. The organization changed its name around the turn of the century to Verein Jüdischer Studenten an der Universität Berlin, and, with its sympathy for the ascending Zionist movement in Germany, can be regarded as a forerunner of the Kartell Jüdischer Verbindungen.[1]
References
edit- ^ a b c Reinharz, Jehuda, ed. (1981). Dokumente zur Geschichte des deutschen Zionismus 1882-1933. Schriftenreihe wissenschaftlicher Abhandlungen des Leo Baeck Instituts. Vol. 37. Mohr Siebeck. p. 24. ISBN 9783167432723.
- ^ Gross, W. (1959-01-01). "The Zionist Students' Movement". The Leo Baeck Institute Yearbook. 4 (1): 143–164. doi:10.1093/leobaeck/4.1.143. ISSN 0075-8744.
- ^ Germany, Turkey, and Zionism 1897-1918. Transaction Publishers. 1997-09-01. ISBN 9781412824569.
- ^ Sadmon, Zeev W. (2015). "Die Gründung des Technions in Haifa im Lichte deutscher Politik: 1907–1920". Einzelveröffentlichungen der Historischen Kommission zu Berlin. Vol. 78. Walter de Gruyter. p. 48. ISBN 9783110972351.
- ^ Heymann, Michael (2007). "Hantke, Arthur". In Skolnik, Fred; Berenbaum, Michael (eds.). Encyclopaedia Judaica. Vol. 8. Macmillan. p. 331. ISBN 9780028659367.
- ^ Reinharz, Jehuda; Shapira, Anita (1996). Essential Papers on Zionism. NYU Press. ISBN 9780814774496.
External links
edit- Beerstein of the organization with slogan "Hilf dir Selbst"(Help yourself), from the collection of the Jewish Museum, Berlin