J. Laurens Barnard (also known as Jerry Laurens Barnard; February 27, 1928 – August 16, 1991) was an American zoologist, taxonomist, and carcinologist. He was noted for his contributions to amphipod taxonomy.
J. Laurens Barnard | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | February 27, 1928 |
| Died | August 16, 1991 |
| Other names | Jerry Laurens Barnard |
| Alma mater | Pasadena Junior College, University of Southern California |
| Spouse | Charline Barnard |
| Scientific career | |
| Fields | Amphipoda, Crustacea, Invertebrates |
| Institutions | University of Southern California, Beaudette Foundation for Biological Research, National Museum of Natural History, Bishop Museum, New Zealand Oceanographic Institute, Western Australian Museum, University of Arizona |
| Thesis | The Wood Boring Habits of Chelura terebrans Philippi in Los Angeles Harbor (1953) |
| Doctoral advisor | J. W. Mohr |
Early life and education
editBarnard was born in Pasadena, California on February 27, 1928. In childhood, Barnard showed great curiosity for nature and affection of the environment.[1] When he was twelve, Barnard was inspired to become a scientist after watching a movie made by the Allan Hancock Foundation of the University of Southern California.[2] He was also fond of collections and categorization, as his close friend and colleague J. Darwin Thomas recalled:
"Jerry was a born taxonomist. He possessed a great natural curiosity tinged with a sense of urgency. In discussions about his earliest memories of childhood, 'JLB', as he was affectionately called by friends, was always a collector, a surveyor of nature and his environment. This quality was combined with an intense interest in human nature and it drove him always to search for additional information and clarification for the things he collected."[1]
In 1947, Barnard graduated from Pasadena Junior College and started his studies in the zoology program at the University of Southern California. While he initially focused on Eastern Pacific corals, he turned to the research of amphipods after taking a tour of crustacean collections with fellow graduate students. In 1949, Barnard started his Ph.D. program at University of Southern California. Working in the Marine Borer Council, which was formed by his professor J. W. Mohr, Barnard focused on Chelura terebrans[3] for his dissertation.[2] He received his Ph.D. in 1953.
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Career
editBeaudette Foundation
editAfter he graduated, Barnard joined the Beaudette Foundation for Biological Research[5] in 1958. There he first worked as Associate Investigator and then promoted to Associate Research Director in 1960.[2] During his years in the Beaudette Foudation, Barnard actively undertook research trips, the most important being the trip to the Baja California Peninsula on which he described several species including those of the genus Liljeborgia, which are associated with specific marine habitats such as burrows of spoon worms.[6][7] Meanwhile, Barnard was also involved in other research trips, including one to the Galápagos funded by the Galapagos International Scientific Expedition.[2]
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National Museum of Natural History and related postings
editIn 1964, Barnard left the Beaudette Foundation and accepted a job at the U.S. National Museum of Natural History at Washington, D.C. There he worked as Associate Curator of Crustacea. Since then, postings took Barnard to the Bishop Museum, the New Zealand Oceanographic Institute, and the Western Australian Museum.
University of Arizona
editFrom 1970 to 1974, Barnard worked at the University of Arizona, Tucson after a series of postings.[8] During this period, he frequently visited Puerto Peñasco, Mexico and collected the region, contributing to the taxonomy collections in the Sea of Cortes.[6] Meanwhile, he dedicated to providing scientific education and insights to marine science students and focused on amphipod evolution and Pacific biogeography.
Death and significance
editBarnard's death in 1991 was a loss for many, especially his colleagues, who praised him for his passion for marine fauna, unselfishness, and affection. His significance went beyond his scientific contributions. L. Watling remarked on Barnard's meaningful life:
"To many of us, though, Jerry was more than a source of descriptions and details. Jerry's work, and personality, influenced the lives and careers of many people. His devotion to amphipods and birds, his appreciation of the natural world, and his sense of humor and generosity were an inspiration to those who knew him. He always encouraged us to continue our taxonomic studies, recognizing that for many of us it would mean only part-time devotion to this field. He was also a sympathetic sounding board, always willing to try out new ideas and approaches..."[9]
Research and contributions
editBarnard was a prominent figure in the field of marine biology, particularly known for his extensive research on crustaceans, especially amphipods. His contributions significantly advanced the understanding of marine biodiversity and ecology, particularly in the context of the northeastern Pacific Ocean.
One of Barnard's key contributions was his taxonomic work on amphipods, where he described numerous new species and genera. His seminal work, The Amphipoda of the Pacific Coast of North America, published in 1957, provided a comprehensive overview of the amphipod fauna in this region, detailing their morphological characteristics, ecological roles, and distribution patterns.[10] This work has been foundational for subsequent studies in marine biology and ecology, as it established a baseline for understanding the diversity and ecological significance of amphipods in marine ecosystems.
Barnard's research extended beyond taxonomy; he also explored the ecological interactions of amphipods within their environments. He emphasized the importance of amphipods in marine food webs, particularly their roles as scavengers and prey for larger marine organisms.[10] His studies highlighted how environmental factors, such as sediment type and water temperature, influenced amphipod distribution and abundance, thereby contributing to the broader understanding of marine ecosystem dynamics.[11] In addition to his work on amphipods, Barnard was involved in various ecological studies that assessed the impacts of human activities on marine environments. He advocated for the conservation of marine biodiversity, recognizing the threats posed by pollution, habitat destruction, and climate change.[12] His research underscored the necessity of protecting marine habitats to maintain the ecological balance and the health of marine species, which is particularly relevant in the context of ongoing environmental challenges.[citation needed]
Barnard's legacy is reflected in the continued relevance of his research in contemporary marine biology and conservation efforts. His meticulous documentation and analysis of marine species have provided valuable resources for scientists and conservationists working to protect marine biodiversity. His work serves as a reminder of the intricate connections within marine ecosystems and the importance of preserving these environments for future generations.[13]
References
edit- ^ a b Thomas, J. Darwin (1993). "J. Laurens Barnard: a personal glimpse". Journal of Natural History. 27 (4): 725–726. doi:10.1080/00222939300770431. ISSN 0022-2933 – via Taylor & Francis Online.
- ^ a b c d "J. Laurens Barnard (1928–1991)". Journal of Crustacean Biology. 12 (1): 324–326. April 1992 – via Oxford Academic.
- ^ https://invasions.si.edu/nemesis/species_summary/93571
- ^ https://invasions.si.edu/nemesis/species
- ^ https://aquadocs.org/handle/1834/17542
- ^ a b Briones, Elva Escobar (2023-03-22). "OBITUARY TO J. LAURENS BARNARD (1928–1991)". Anales del Instituto de Biología, UNAM, Serie Zoología, Vol. 38-75 (in Spanish). 64 (1): 87–88. ISSN 0368-8720.
- ^ Marin, Ivan (2020). "A new species of the genus Liljeborgia Spence Bate, 1862 (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Liljeborgiidae) associated with the burrows of the spoon worm Urechis unicinctus in the Sea of Japan". European Journal of Taxonomy (613). doi:10.5852/ejt.2020.613.
- ^ Brusca, R.C. (1993). "The Arizona/Sea of Cortez years of J. Laurens Barnard". Journal of Natural History. 27 (4): 727–730. doi:10.1080/00222939300770441. ISSN 0022-2933.
- ^ Watling, Les; Thomas, Jim (October 1991). "J. Laurens Barnard 1928?1991". Hydrobiologia. 223 (1): viii–viii. doi:10.1007/BF00047622. ISSN 0018-8158.
- ^ a b Hancock, Zachary B.; Ogawa, Hiroshi; Light, Jessica E.; Wicksten, Mary K. (2021). "Origin and evolution of the Haustoriidae (Amphipoda): a eulogy for the Haustoriidira". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 194 (4). doi:10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab023.
- ^ Crist, Michele R.; Wilmer, Bo; Aplet, Gregory H. (2005). "Assessing the value of roadless areas in a conservation reserve strategy: biodiversity and landscape connectivity in the northern Rockies". Journal of Applied Ecology. 42 (1). doi:10.1111/j.1365-2664.2005.00996.x.
- ^ Boeck, Hans J. De; Bloor, Juliette; Kreyling, Jüergen; Ransijn, Johannes; Nijs, Ivan; Jentsch, Anke; Zeiter, Michaela (2017). "Patterns and drivers of biodiversity–stability relationships under climate extremes". Journal of Ecology. 106 (3). doi:10.1111/1365-2745.12897.
- ^ Webster, Patrick; Stoetzel, Henry (2021). "First confirmed record of Chestnut-backed Button-quail Turnix castanotus in Queensland". Australian Field Ornithology. 38. doi:10.20938/afo38145150.