Wikipedia

Jack van Tongeren

In this Dutch name, the surname is van Tongeren, not Tongeren.

Peter Joseph "Jack" van Tongeren (/væn ˈtɒŋərən/ van TONG-ər-ən, Dutch: [ˈpeːtər ˈjoːzə fɑn ˈtɔŋərə(n)];[a] born 14 December 1947) is the former leader of the West Australian Neo-Nazi group Australian Nationalist Movement (ANM), a white supremacist and far-right group, and a successor organisation called the Australian Nationalist Worker's Union (ANWU). He served 13 years, one month, and six days in prison from 1989 to 2002 for theft and arson, having robbed and firebombed businesses owned by Asians in Western Australia. In the late 1980s it was revealed Van Tongeren's father was of part-Javanese ancestry. Nevertheless, Van Tongeren resumed anti-Asian activities upon his release in 2002, leading to further convictions, in 2006.[5]

Peter Joseph Van Tongeren
Born (1947-12-14) 14 December 1947 (age 76)
Netherlands
Other namesJack van Tongeren
Known forArson attacks against Asian-owned businesses, distribution of anti-Asian flyers
Parent(s)Rudi van Tongeren
Stella van Tongeren
AllegianceAustralian Nationalist Movement (1985–2007)
Motivewhite supremacist ideology
Conviction(s)arson, assault, theft, conspiracy
Criminal penalty18-year sentence (1989)
2-year suspended sentence (2006)
Accomplice(s)John Van Blitterswyk[1]
Details
Span of crimes
1985–2004
CountryAustralia
State(s)Western Australia
Target(s)6+ restaurants arsoned
1+ restaurant fire-bombed
Date apprehended
August 1989, 2004
Military career
Allegiance Australia
Service / branchAustralian Army
Years of service1971–1975[2][3]
Unit6 Platoon, B Company, 2 RAR/NZ[4]
Battles / warsVietnam War

Biography

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Peter Joseph van Tongeren was born in the Netherlands on 14 December 1947 to a father of Dutch-Javanese descent, Rudi, and an Australian mother, Stella. The family later migrated to Australia. He joined the Australian army and saw action in Vietnam in 1971. Following his military service he travelled throughout Australia from 1979 to 1983 associating with a variety of far-right groups such as the South Australia League of Rights, the Tasmanian branch of the Anglo-Saxon Keltic Society (ASKS), the Sydney based group National Action (NA) and the Los Angeles-based neo-Nazi American Worker's Party.[6][7][8]

Australian Nationalist Movement

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Van Tongeren's involvement with NA led to his running, unsuccessfully, for the Senate in the 1984 election on an independent ticket, attaining just 861 votes (0.11%).[9] He attempted to gain control of the NA, but when this failed, van Tongeren split from the group and in April 1985 formed his own organisation, the Australian Nationalist Movement (ANM).[10][11]The ANM was formed in Perth, but soon afterwards gathered membership in the other Australian states. Van Tongeren styled himself as the organisation's "supreme leader", with John van Blitterswyk as second-in-command, Russell Willey as third-in-command and treasurer; other prominent members were Christoper Bartle, Wayne van Blitterswyk, Judith Lyons and Mark Ferguson.[10]

There was also an attempt to set up a parallel group to the ANM, called the Australian Aryan Army (AAA), with John van Blitterswyk as the nominal "Commander". The ANM was conceived as the political branch of van Tongeren's organisation, with the AAA as its paramilitary and terrorist branch (a structure modelled on the Irish separatist groups of Sinn Féin and its paramilitary counterpart, the Irish Republican Army). A training facility for members was set up on a property east of Perth called 'Bindoon', containing a shelter, lookout and rifle range. In reality, however, the AAA "never moved beyond the conceptual stage".[10]

ANM's initial actions involved an extensive flyer-distribution campaign in Perth of more than 400,000 photocopied posters. The crude posters and fliers bore repetitive messages that included phrases such as "No Asians", "White Revolution The Only Solution", "Coloured Immigration: Trickle Is Now A Flood" and "Asians Out Or Racial War" and brought the organisation to the attention of the public. ANM is believed to have had approximately 100 loosely-affiliated members by the mid-1980s.[12][13]

By 1988, ANM turned towards identifying with international neo-Nazi ideology with public expressions of Antisemitism and holocaust denial.[12]

Commencement of criminal activities

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February 1988 – August 1989

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ANM's criminal activity may have commenced in February 1988 when a member of the group's home was arsoned in a failed attempt at insurance fraud. ANM then turned towards arsoning and fire-bombing Asian-owned businesses with the intention of intimidating Asians and inciting a race war. Between September 1988 and May 1989, five restaurants were arsoned, and one was bombed leading to community tensions, vigilantism, and a decline in Asian investment.[14][15][16][17][18][19][20]

Short on cash, ANM turned to theft, stealing an estimated $800,000 in goods during a series of warehouse robberies. They also bashed a left-wing anti-racist campaigner in a home invasion. A tip-off to the police led them to the location where ANM's stolen goods were being stored and the arrest of Van Tongeren's associates, Russell Willey and John van Blitterswyk. Willey turned informant and collected recordings of the group's leadership leading to their arrest in August 1989. Following the arrest, two other members of ANM suspected fellow member David Locke to be a police informant and lured him into a Park in the suburb of Gosnells where he was beaten with iron bars and his throat slit.[21][22][23]

The murder trial of the two men in June 1990 led to the trial of Van Tongeren and the five other ANM members being aborted due to the media atmosphere at the time. At a second trial in August 1990, six members of ANM were found guilty, with Van Tongeren was sentenced to 18 years on 53 counts. Van Tongeren was sentenced in absentia due to a hunger strike that commenced a few days into the trial. The two men who murdered David Locke received life sentences.[24][25]

Willey would later participate in the filming of a documentary about the ANM, Nazi Supergrass, in 1993. According to van Tongeren, Willey only joined the ANM in order to further his own interests in crime and did not care for white nationalism.

Australian Nationalist Worker's Union

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Release from prison

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Van Tongeren expressed no remorse following his release from Karnet Prison Farm in September 2002. His first public statement accused the Western Australian premier Geoff Gallop and Attorney General Jim McGinty of pandering to the Asian minority. He also denied being a terrorist. He soon formed a successor organisation to the ANM called the Australian Nationalist Worker's Union, and expressed interest in seeking election. Banned under Western Australian law from running for state parliament, Van Tongeren was free to run for a seat in the federal parliament. This led to the Attorney-General calling on the Commonwealth Government to tighten laws on the eligibility of convicted criminals.[26][27]

Resumption of racist attacks

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In February 2004 three Chinese restaurants in Perth were firebombed in the early hours of the morning. Other synagogues and Asian-owned shops where plastered with posters and daubed with swastikas. Van Tongeren denied responsibility, instead claiming that the attacks must be the actions of angry Australians reacting against "Asian gangs and African crime." It was later reported that Van Tongeren instigated the attacks to drum up publicity for his book, The ANM Story, which had been written in 1991 but remained unpublished for thirteen years. Western Australian police launched "Operation Atlantic" in response to the attacks, leading to the arrest of five men involved in the attacks. The police also identified a plot to harm Jim McGinty and his family, two police officers and an ethnic community leader, and raided Van Tongeren's home.[28][29][30][31][32] These threats led to Jim McGinty cancelling meetings in Adelaide and returning to Perth.[33]

In August 2004 a week-long man-hunt for Van Tongeren ended with police receiving a tip-off that located him at an RSL club. Van Tongeren claimed to be innocent, and that he was only hiding from the police out of fear that they would shoot him. Following these arrests, the racist graffiti attacks around the Perth CBD ceased. In February 2006, Van Tongeren, out on bail pending his trial, failed to report to police and was believed to be at large and travelling with former ANM member Matthew Billing. On 23 March 2006, a letter was received by staff at ABC Television Studios, purporting to be from Van Tongeren. It claimed that charges against him were a conspiracy created by the WA Government, and indicated that they would need to be dropped by Attorney-General Jim McGinty, in order for Van Tongeren to return from hiding. A month later Van Tongeren and his co-accused Matthew Billing were found and arrested in the Boddington area south-east of Perth. Both men once again faced the courts over the 2004 arson plots.[34]

During a hearing on 2 November, Van Tongeren collapsed, was taken to hospital, and later used a wheelchair. Van Tongeren was released from jail on the condition that he leave Western Australia. He currently resides in the eastern states. In 2007 the ANM/ANWU was reported to have been disbanded.[35][36]

On 30 September 2023, Crispian Chan, an ethnic Chinese resident of Perth whose family's restaurant had been bombed by the ANM in the 1980s, published an article for the Australian Broadcasting Corporation about how he had attempted to track van Tongeren down, discovering that he was living in South Australia, however was threatened by an associate of van Tongeren's.[37] In his article, Chan compares van Tongeren to himself in the context of the two men's shared Asian heritage, and the fact that van Tongeren himself had suffered anti-Asian racism and bullying in his youth, citing an article written by Stella van Tongeren in 1990 talking about her son's childhood.

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ In isolation, Joseph and van are pronounced [ˈjoːzəf] and [vɑn].

References

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Notes

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  1. ^ "White supremacist jailed over bomb plot". The Australian. 24 May 2007.
  2. ^ Van Tongeren 2004, p. 20-21.
  3. ^ Fox, Vashti (2 February 2022). "Far-right terror: Perth's 1980s 'fascist revolution' | Red Flag". Red Flag. Socialist Alternative.
  4. ^ Van Tongeren 1999, p. 20.
  5. ^ "Anti-Asian Crusader on Dole". The West Australian. 12 August 1987. p. 1.
  6. ^ van Tongeren, Stella (20 October 1990). "The Making of a Racist". The Age Saturday Extra. pp. 1, 6.
  7. ^ Greason, David (1997). "Australia's racist far-Right". Faces of Hate: Hate Crime in Australia. Sydney: Hawkins Press. p. 198. ISBN 1876067055.
  8. ^ van Tongeren, Jack. The ANM Story. True Blue Aussie Underground. pp. 67–72.
  9. ^ Commonwealth of Australia Legislative Election of 1 December 1984: The Senate, Psephos: Adam Carr's Election Archive website; accessed 22 September 2023.
  10. ^ a b c Kristy Campion (2019), page 9.
  11. ^ Saleam 1999, p. 222.
  12. ^ a b Saleam 1999, p. 231.
  13. ^ "Hill Calls For Report on Anti-Racism Law". The West Australian. 5 August 1987.
  14. ^ Saleam 1999, p. 233.
  15. ^ "Arsonist Afraid of Group, Judge Told". The West Australian. 5 April 1990.
  16. ^ "School Plastered in Racist Posters". The West Australian. 23 May 1989.
  17. ^ "Violence Feared in Poster War". The West Australian. 8 May 1989.
  18. ^ "Ninjas To Combat Racism". The West Australian. 11 May 1989.
  19. ^ "Ninjas V. Racists". Sunday Times. 28 May 1989.
  20. ^ Lacy, Caroline (4 July 1991). "Racist Tag Hurting W.A". South Western Times. p. 1.
  21. ^ "Skinhead Jailed for Gang Raid on House". The West Australian. 13 July 1989.
  22. ^ Gibson, Roy (22 September 1990). "Operation Jackhammer". The West Australian.
  23. ^ "Publicity should not affect verdict, jury told". The Canberra Times. 15 June 1990. p. 12.
  24. ^ "WA judge aborts alleged neo-Nazi trial over public prejudice fears". The Canberra Times. 13 June 1990. p. 3.
  25. ^ Judge D. Hammond, Sentencing of Jack Van Tongeren, 20 September 1990, p. 68
  26. ^ Weber, David (20 September 2002). "Racist arsonist released from jail". ABC (Transcript from PM radio program).
  27. ^ Holland, Ian (24 March 2003). "Current Issues Brief No 22 2002-03: Crime and Candidacy". Parliament of Australia (Current Issues Brief).
  28. ^ "Australia faces up to race violence - again". IOL. 1 August 2004.
  29. ^ Nolan, Tanya (2 February 2004). "Racist attacks against Perth restaurants". ABC (Transcript from AM radio program).
  30. ^ Weber, David (24 May 2007). "ANM leaders guilty of bomb plans". ABC (Transcript from The World Today radio program).
  31. ^ "White supremacist appears in court". The Age. 8 August 2004.
  32. ^ "Police not ready to talk to van Tongeren". The Age. 4 August 2004.
  33. ^ "Threat to kill WA attorney". The Age. 31 July 2004.
  34. ^ David, Weber (6 August 2004). "WA police arrest white supremacist leader". ABC (Transcript from PM radio program).
  35. ^ "Supremacist leader in court" theage.com.au. AAP. 7 August 2004. Retrieved 10 March 2015
  36. ^ "Notorious anti-Asian hate movement bites the dust". Crikey. 28 May 2007.
  37. ^ "Confronting a Terrorist". Crispian Chan, Australian Broadcasting Corporation, 30 September 2023. Retrieved 1 October 2023.

Bibliography

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