Jacques Clément (1567 – 1 August 1589) was a French conspirator and the assassin of King Henry III.[1]
Jacques Clément | |
|---|---|
 Jacques Clément assassinating Henry III | |
| Born | 1567 Serbonnes, France |
| Died | 1 August 1589 (aged c. 22) Saint-Cloud, France |
| Nationality | French |
| Known for | Assassinating Henry III of France |
He was born at Serbonnes, in today's Yonne département, in Burgundy, and became a Dominican lay brother.[1]
During the French Wars of Religion, Clément became fanatically religious and an ardent partisan of the Catholic League. Viewing Protestantism as heresy, he talked of exterminating the Huguenots and formed a plan to assassinate Henry III in retaliation for the killing of the Duke of Guise and his brother. His project was encouraged by some of the heads of the League, in particular Catherine de Guise, the Duchess Montpensier. He was assured of worldly rewards if he succeeded and of eternal bliss if he failed. Having obtained letters for the king, he left Paris on 31 July 1589 and reached Saint-Cloud, the headquarters of Henry, who was besieging Paris, on 1 August 1589.[1]
Assassination
editClément was admitted to the king's presence, and while he was presenting his letters he told the king he had an important and confidential message to deliver. The attendants then withdrew and, as Clément leaned in to whisper in Henry's ear, he mortally wounded him with a dagger concealed beneath his cloak. The assassin was immediately killed by the returning attendants, but Henry died early in the morning of the following day. Clément's body was later quartered and burned at the stake.[1] His crime led Le Laboureur to anagrammatize "Frère Jacques Clément" into "C'est l'enfer qui m'a créé" ("It is hell that created me").[2]
Although seen by supporters of Henry III as a fanatical, brutal act, the assassination was viewed with very different feelings in Paris and by the partisans of the League. Clément was seen as a martyr and was praised by Pope Sixtus V as well as the Jesuit historian and political philosopher Juan de Mariana, S.J.[3] His praise was such that even canonization was discussed.[1] On the other side, atheist philosopher Jean Meslier praised him as freedom fighter against tyranny.
References
edit- ^ a b c d e One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: "Clément, Jacques". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 6 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 490.
- ^ Collet, Stephen (1823). Relics of literature. Thomas Boys. p. 119.
- ^ See his work De rege et regis instutitione, c. 6.
- See E Lavisse, Histoire de France, tome vi. (Paris, 1904).