Jajpur[4] (also known as Jajapur) () is a town and a municipality in Jajpur district in the Indian state of Odisha. It was the capital of the Kesari dynasty, later supplanted by Cuttack.[3][5] Now, it is the headquarter of Jajpur district.
Jajpur | |
|---|---|
Town | |
 The Biraja Temple in Jajpur | |
  Jajpur Location in Odisha, India  Jajpur Jajpur (India) | |
| Coordinates: 20°51′N 86°20′E / 20.85°N 86.33°E | |
| Country | India |
| State | Odisha |
| district | Jajpur |
| Founded by | Jajati Keshari |
| Government | |
| • Type | Municipality |
| • Collector and District Magistrate of Jajpur | Singh Rathore[1] |
| • Superintendent of Police | Shri Rahul P R[2] |
| Area | |
| • Total | 2,887.69 km2 (1,114.94 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 8 m (26 ft) |
| Population (2011)[3] | |
| • Total | 37,458 |
| • Density | 620/km2 (1,600/sq mi) |
| Languages | |
| • Official | Odia |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| Vehicle registration | OD-04 &OD-34 |
| Website | www.jajpur.nic.in |
Etymology and names
editJajpur,[6] the place of the ancient Biraja Temple, was originally known as Biraja. Other names of the town in the ancient texts include Viranja, Varanja-nagara, Varaha-tirtha.[7] The Bhauma-Kara kings established their capital city of Guhadevapataka (or Guheshvarapataka), identified with modern Gohiratikar (or Gohiratikra) near Jajpur.[8] The later Somavanshi kings moved their capital from Yayatinagara (modern Binka) to Guheshvarapataka, and renamed the town Abhinava-Yayatinagara ("the new city of Yayati").[7]
Later, the Jajpur[9] town came to be known as Yajanagara. According to one theory, this name is a corruption of "Yayatinagara". Another theory is that it derives from the Brahmanical sacrifices (Yajna) that became popular during the Ganga-Gajapati period (11th-16th century).[10] In the Muslim chronicles such as Tabaqat-i-Nasiri and Tarikh-i-Firuzshahi, the town's name was mentioned as "Jajnagar". Later, the suffix "-nagar" ("town") was replaced with the equivalent "-pur", and the town's name became "Jajpur".[7]
History
editEarliest account of Jajpur is part of the history of the Odisha. It was the capital of Keshari King Yayati Keshari in 473 CE.[11] Accounts by Chinese travelers mention Jajpur as capital in 7th century. It has been a center of Tantrism. The Buddhist kingdom of Bhauma Karas also kept Jajpur as their capital in 8th century CE. Many Buddhist structures have been unearthed in and around Jajpur i.e. in Ratnagiri,Udayagiri and Lalitagiri that point to the Buddhist past of the town.[5][12]
Geography and climate
edit| Jajpur[13] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Climate chart (explanation) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Jajpur is located at 20°51′N 86°20′E / 20.85°N 86.33°E[14] and has an average elevation of 8 metres (26 ft). The climate of Jajpur District is normal as per Indian standards. All the seasons arrive in the District at their usual time. The District's average height from the sea level is 331 m and its average rain fall is 1014.5 mm. The average maximum and minimum temperatures are 40 degree C and 10 degree C respectively. Overall, the climate of the District is neither hotter nor cooler. The summer season is from March to June when the climate is hot and humid. Thunderstorms are common at the height of the summer. The monsoon months are from July to October when the town receives most of its rainfall from the South West Monsoon. The annual rainfall is around 1014.5 mm. The winter season from November to February is characterised by mild temperatures and occasional showers.
| Climate data for Jajpur | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 29.2 (84.6) |
32.3 (90.1) |
35.4 (95.7) |
37.0 (98.6) |
37.5 (99.5) |
34.7 (94.5) |
32.3 (90.1) |
31.8 (89.2) |
32.3 (90.1) |
32.0 (89.6) |
30.7 (87.3) |
29.0 (84.2) |
32.9 (91.1) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 15.2 (59.4) |
18.7 (65.7) |
22.6 (72.7) |
25.0 (77.0) |
26.2 (79.2) |
26.1 (79.0) |
25.5 (77.9) |
25.3 (77.5) |
25.0 (77.0) |
23.3 (73.9) |
19.1 (66.4) |
15.0 (59.0) |
22.3 (72.1) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 41.3 (1.63) |
26.0 (1.02) |
27.8 (1.09) |
48.5 (1.91) |
130.6 (5.14) |
243.4 (9.58) |
340.6 (13.41) |
401.1 (15.79) |
269.5 (10.61) |
195.8 (7.71) |
37.2 (1.46) |
38.5 (1.52) |
1,800.3 (70.87) |
| Source: Jajpur Weather | |||||||||||||
Demographics
edit
As of 2011 Indian Census, Jajpur municipality had a total population of 37,458, of which 19,216 were males and 18,242 were females. Population within the age group of 0 to 6 years was 3,823. The total number of literates in Jajpur was 29,975, which constituted 80.0% of the population with male literacy of 83.5% and female literacy of 76.4%. The effective literacy rate of 7+ population of Jajpur was 89.1%, of which male literacy rate was 92.9% and female literacy rate was 85.1%. The Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes population was 6,363 and 565 respectively. Jajpur had 8198 households in 2011.[3]
Education
editColleges
edit- N.C. Autonomous College, Jajpur Town
- S G College, Kanikapada, Jajpur
- V. N. Autonomous College, Jajpur Road
- Baba Bhairavananda Autonomous Mahavidyalaya, Chandikhol,Jajpur
- Jajati Kesari Medical College & Hospital, Jajpur Town
High schools
edit- G C Highschool (1969)
- Kendriya Vidyalaya Jajpur
- Apex English Medium School, Jajpur Town
- Sun Public School
- DAV HIGH SCHOOL
Places of interest
editSee also
editReferences
edit- ^ "Collector & District Magistrate of Jajpur District". District Portal Jajpur. Archived from the original on 10 October 2016. Retrieved 20 October 2016.
- ^ "Who's Who | Jajpur District:Odisha | India". Retrieved 6 May 2021.
- ^ a b c "Census of India: Jajpur". www.censusindia.gov.in. Retrieved 7 January 2021.
- ^ Das, Saudamini; Vincent, Jeffrey R.; Daily, Gretchen C. (2009). "Mangroves Protected Villages and Reduced Death Toll during Indian Super Cyclone". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 106 (18): 7357–7360. doi:10.1073/pnas.0810440106. ISSN 0027-8424. JSTOR 40483277. PMC 2678660. PMID 19380735.
- ^ a b Rout, K.C. (1988). Local Self-government in British Orissa, 1869-1935. Daya Publishing House. p. 35. ISBN 978-81-7035-046-0. Retrieved 21 June 2019.
- ^ Nath, Suryakant (2013). "Gandhi's Harijan Padyatra in Orissa in 1934: Claims over a Contested Social Space". Proceedings of the Indian History Congress. 74: 564–570. ISSN 2249-1937. JSTOR 44158858.
- ^ a b c Thomas E. Donaldson 2001, p. 51.
- ^ Thomas E. Donaldson 2001, p. 6.
- ^ Saran, Richard D.; Ziegler, Norman P. (2001), "THE TRANSLATIONS", The Mertiyo Rathors of Merto, Rajasthan, Select Translations Bearing on the History of a Rajput Family, 1462–1660, Volumes 1–2, University of Michigan Press, pp. 81–216, doi:10.3998/mpub.19305, ISBN 978-0-89148-085-3, JSTOR 10.3998/mpub.19305, retrieved 6 May 2021
- ^ Kailash Chandra Dash 2010, p. 169.
- ^ Asiatic Society (Calcutta, India); Asiatic Society of Bengal (1871). Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal. Bishop's College Press. p. 151. Retrieved 21 June 2019.
- ^ Deshpande, A. (2013). Buddhist India Rediscovered. Jaico Publishing House. p. 245. ISBN 978-81-8495-247-6. Retrieved 21 June 2019.
- ^ Chhotray, G. P.; Pal, B. B.; Khuntia, H. K.; Chowdhury, N. R.; Chakraborty, S.; Yamasaki, S.; Ramamurthy, T.; Takeda, Y.; Bhattacharya, S. K.; Nair, G. Balakrish (2002). "Incidence and Molecular Analysis of Vibrio cholerae Associated with Cholera Outbreak Subsequent to the Super Cyclone in Orissa, India". Epidemiology and Infection. 128 (2): 131–138. doi:10.1017/S0950268801006720. ISSN 0950-2688. JSTOR 3865257. PMC 2869804. PMID 12002529.
- ^ "Maps, Weather, Videos, and Airports for Jajpur, India".
Bibliography
edit- Kailash Chandra Dash (2010). "A traditional account on Yayati Keshari: Its formation and historical authenticity". Proceedings of the Indian History Congress. 71 (2010–2011): 165–178. JSTOR 44147485.
- Thomas E. Donaldson (2001). Iconography of the Buddhist Sculpture of Orissa. Abhinav. ISBN 978-81-7017-406-6.
External links
edit