Jakob Eduard Polak (12 November 1818 – 8 October 1891) was an Austrian physician, born to a Jewish family from Bohemia, who played an important role in introducing modern medicine in Iran.[1]
Jakob Eduard Polak | |
|---|---|
 Jakob Eduard Polak | |
| Born | 12 November 1818 Groß-Morzin/Mořina, Bohemia |
| Died | 8 October 1891 (aged 72) Vienna |
| Occupation | Austrian physician |
Life
editPolak studied medicine in Prague and Vienna. He was one of the six Austrian teachers invited by Amir Kabir, the Persian chief minister, as the instructors of Dar ul-Fonun, the first modern higher education institution in Iran. By his own account, he entered Iran on 24 November 1851, before the inauguration of the Dar ul-Fonun.
From 1851 to 1860, he taught medicine at Dar ul-Fonun. In the beginning, he taught in French and used a translator. Soon, the incompetence of the translators motivated him to learn Persian. He learned Persian in six months, and then taught his course in Persian.[2]
In 1885, he funded Otto Stapf, a Viennese botanist, to undertake a botanical expedition to South- and Western Persia.[3] This led to the discovery of numerous new species of plants.
From 1855 to 1860, he served as personal physician of Naser-al-din Shah. In this capacity he was succeeded by French physician Joseph Désiré Tholozan.
Works
editPolak published his Persian experiences in: "Persien, das Land und seine Bewohner; Ethnograpische Schilderungen" (Leipzig, Brockhaus, 1865), which belongs to the outstanding ethnographic works about 19th-century Iran.[4]
His other works include:
- Bimari i vaba (Tehran: Nast’aliq, 1269 [AH]).
- “La médicine militaire en Perse. Par le docteur J. E. Polak, ancien médecin particulier du schah de Perse,” Revue scientifique et administrative des médecins des armées de terre et de mer 7, 1865
- Topographische Bemerkungen zur Karte der Umgebung und zu dem Plane von Teheran. Mittheilungen der K.K. Geographischen Gesellschaft 20. Wien, L. C. Zamarski, k.k. Hof- Buchdruckereir und Hof-Lithographie 1877.
- Beitrag zu den agrarischen Verhältnissen in Persien. Mittheilungen der K.K. Geographischen Gesellschaft 6, 1863, 107–143.
- "Farben der persischen Teppiche". In: Katalog der Ausstellung orientalischer Teppiche im K.K. Österreichischen Handelsmuseum, Vienna, 1891, 44–49.
See also
editBibliography
edit- Afsaneh GÄCHTER: Briefe aus Persien. Jacob E. Polaks medizinische Berichte. With an English Summary and Translation of Polak's „Letters from Persia“. New Academic Press, Vienna 2013, ISBN 978-3-7003-1867-5.
- Christoph WERNER: Polak, Jakob Eduard In: Encyclopædia Iranica. 2009
- Obituary: Richard von Drasche-Wartinberg: Dr. J. E. Polak. In: Neue Freie Presse, 14 October 1891, p. 22 (Online at ANNO).
- Mofakham, Yashar Samimi; Rafiee, Tarlan; Assmann, Peter (2020). Solace of Lovers: Trost Der Liebenden. Innsbruck, Austria: Haymon Verlag, Tiroler Landesmuseen Betriebsgesellschaft m.b.H. ISBN 978-3-7099-8119-1.
References
edit- ^ "POLAK, Jakob Eduard – Encyclopaedia Iranica". iranicaonline.org. Retrieved 2014-12-26.
- ^ "Ekhtiar, Maryam, 1994, "The Dar al-Funun: Educational reform and cultural development in Qajar Iran", Ph.D Dissertation, New York University, USA."
- ^ Franz Speta 2000, Warum Otto STAPF (1857–1933) Wien verlassen hat. Phyton (Horn, Austria) 40/1, 89-113
- ^ Polak, J.E. (1999). Persien: Das Land und Seine Bewohner. Ethnographische Schilderungen. Adegi Graphics LLC. ISBN 9780543970770. Retrieved 2014-12-26.
Further reading
edit- Gächter, A. (2015) “Medicine and Anthropology: the ‘Ambassador-Physician’ Jacob Eduard Polak (1818–1891) as a Mediator of Modernity in Iran,” in Krasnowolska, A. and Rusek-Kowalska, R. (eds) Studies on the Iranian World: Medieval and Modern. Jagiellonian University Press, pp. 329–340.
External links
edit
Media related to Jakob Eduard Polak at Wikimedia Commons- Encyclopædia Iranica Website Archived 2019-04-16 at the Wayback Machine. Full-text access to the Encyclopædia as it currently exists.
- "POLAK, JAKOB EDUARD - JewishEncyclopedia.com". jewishencyclopedia.com. Retrieved 2014-12-26.
