James H. N. Waring, also known as J. H. N. Waring,[a] (September 22, 1861 – December 29, 1923) was an educator and physician who practiced in Washington, D.C., and Baltimore, Maryland.[1] He implemented trade courses in Baltimore and studied societal pressures on African Americans. During World War II, he treated soldiers at Camp Devens during the Spanish flu epidemic. He sat on the Board of Trustees of his alma mater, Howard University.
Early life and education
editJames Henry Nelson Waring was born in Niles, Michigan on September 22, 1861, to Amanda Fitzallen (nee Hill) Waring,[2] the daughter of Henry Nelson Hill,[3] and Reverend William Waring.[2][4][5][b] William Waring attended schools in Oberlin, Ohio, and was a Howard University educated lawyer and a minister.[3][6] During the Civil War, he was a chaplain of the Michigan Volunteers.[3][6] He became the Berean Baptist Church's first pastor. He was a co-founder of the country's first black bank, Capital Savings Bank. He was on the board of trustees at Howard University.[6] James' great uncle was Arthur Waring, a member of the American Society of Free Persons of Color (1830).[6][7]
Waring's siblings were Charles, Robert Louis, Lavinia, Hattie, Bert, and Alice.[3] He attended public schools in his birth state and in Oberlin, Ohio[2] and taught school first in St. Louis, Missouri, at the age of 15.[2] He received his A.B. in 1877 and M.D. degree in 1888 from Howard University.[2][8] In 1897, Howard awarded him a Master's degree.[2]
Career
editWaring was an educator and supervisor in Washington, D.C., schools for about 23 years,[8] from 1879 to 1891.[2] He then became a principal of the Colored High School in Baltimore and then a supervising principal of Baltimore's colored schools and the Teacher's Training School.[2] He developed carpentry, cooking, drawing, sewing, and printing courses for the colored schools, which were subsequently added to the curriculum of the city's white schools.[2]
He recognized that there was unfounded fear of African Americans by whites and that African Americans were more likely to be charged with minor offenses, which led to friction between the police and African Americans.[9] Waring, a member of the Colored Law and Order League, was concerned with the living conditions and social constructs of the lives of African Americans. The group was founded by "prominent black" physicians, lawyers, educators, and business leaders. He researched the problems of African Americans in Baltimore and wrote Some Causes of Criminality Among Colored People, about the effect of poor living conditions.[1] He found that there was a lack of conscience in the greater community that allowed for children "to live [where] sunlight, pure air, pure thoughts, chaste conduct and associates… are denied them from their very birth" and were a breeding ground for lawlessness.[1] He established the first Boy Scout troop for African American children in the District of Columbia.[6]
Waring also practiced medicine in the District of Columbia, was superintendent of Camp Pleasant, and worked with the Associated Charities of the District.[2] He operated a free medical clinic in the People's Congregational Church and was a physician at Howard University.[2] In 1916, he became the principal of the Howard Orphanage Industrial School in Kings Park, Long Island, New York. He was the educational secretary and physician during the Spanish flu epidemic at Camp Devens in Massachusetts during World War I.[2] After the war, he practiced medicine in Hopkinton, Massachusetts before he moved to Downington, Pennsylvania and worked at the Industrial School for Boys.[2] He sat on the Board of Trustees for Howard University, with his term ending in 1920.[10]
Personal life
editWaring was married in Washington, D.C., on April 4, 1883, to Carrie Brown,[11] also known as Caroline Brown. They had seven children, six of whom were Roberta, Regendia, James, Dorothy, Mary, and Alfred.[12][13][c] James N. H. Waring, Jr. was also an educator[2] who also secured the position of principal at the Downingtown Industrial and Agricultural School in Downington, Chester County, Pennsylvania.[15] Dorothy, who married Dr. William J. Howard (son of humanitarian and activist Reverend William James Howard), established in 1929 one of the first private nursery schools, The Garden of Children.[6]
Waring died on December 29, 1923, in Cochituate, within Wayland, Massachusetts.[5][14] Caroline died on February 16, 1927, in Youngstown, Ohio.[13]
References
editNotes
- ^ He is also commonly referred to as Dr. James Waring.
- ^ One source states that his father's name is James, but census and other public records state that his father's name is William.[2][5][6]
- ^ Regendia and Alfred were not mentioned in the obituary for James Waring, and may have predeceased their father. His daughter's married names were Roberta W. Booker, Dorothy W. Howard, and Mary W. Steele.[14]
Citations
- ^ a b c Robert, Samuel Kelton Jr. (2009). Infectious Fear: Politics, Disease, and the Health Effects of Segregation. Chapel Hill, North Carolina: University of North Carolina Press. p. 131. ISBN 978-0-8078-9407-1.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Wormley, G. Smith (April 4, 1932). "Educators of the First Half Century of Public Schools of the District of Columbia". The Journal of Negro History. 17 (2): 135–136. doi:10.2307/2714463. JSTOR 2714463. S2CID 149604129. Retrieved February 28, 2021.
- ^ a b c d Woodson, C. G. (1948). "The Waring Family". Negro History Bulletin. 11 (5): 101. ISSN 0028-2529. JSTOR 44174775.
- ^ "Howard University Catalogue 1917-1918" (PDF). moses.law.umn.edu/. p. 5. Retrieved February 28, 2021.
- ^ a b c "James Henry Nelson Waring - death record", Town and City Clerks of Massachusetts. Massachusetts Vital and Town Records. Provo, UT: Holbrook Research Institute (Jay and Delene Holbrook)
- ^ a b c d e f g "Mary Ann French, Augustus Palmer Wed". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved March 1, 2021.
- ^ "Constitution of the American Society of Free Persons of Colour, for improving their condition in the United States". Colored Conventions Project. 1830. Retrieved March 1, 2021.
- ^ a b Staff (1905). "The Negro in the Cities of the North". Charity Organization Society . Retrieved February 28, 2021.
- ^ Halpin, Dennis (July 1, 2015). ""Manufacturing Criminals": The Historical Roots of Baltimore's Racialized Criminal Justice System". Perspectives on History. Retrieved February 28, 2021.
- ^ "Howard University Record" (PDF). May 1918.
- ^ "Jas H. N. Waring", District of Columbia, Marriages, 1830-1921. Salt Lake City, Utah: FamilySearch, 2013
- ^ "James H. Waring, born in Michigan in 1861, lived in Wheaton, Montgomery, Maryland in 1900", United States of America, Bureau of the Census. Twelfth Census of the United States, 1900, Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration
- ^ a b "Obituary for Caroline Brown Waring". Evening Star. Washington, D.C. February 18, 1927. p. 9. Retrieved February 28, 2021.
- ^ a b "Dr. James H. N. Waring obituary". Evening Star. December 29, 1923. p. 7. Retrieved March 1, 2021.
- ^ "Letter from J. N. H. Waring to W. E. B. DuBois". credo.library.umass.edu. March 21, 1933. Retrieved February 28, 2021.
Further reading
- Hemphill, Katie M., ed. (2020). Black Baltimoreans and the Bawdy Trade. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 199–227. ISBN 978-1-108-48901-0.
- Waring, James H. N. (1908). Work of the Colored Law and Order League, Baltimore, Maryland. Cheyney, Pennsylvania: Committee of Twelve for the Advancement of the Interests of the Negro Race.