James Shepherd (1796–1882) was an Australian-born Wesleyan Christian missionary and settler in Northland, New Zealand. He was prominent in the early European community of the Bay of Islands, involved in construction of the Stone Store in Kerikeri,[1] and involved in drafting of the first written Maori publications.
Biography
editShepherd was born in New South Wales, the son of freed-convict parents James Shepherd (a horse thief) and Ann Thorn (transported for stealing silver spoons).
As a cadet at the Church Mission Society's Samuel Marsden, Shepherd was present when Marsden celebrated Christmas at the Bay of Islands in 1814.[2] This celebration was the first known Christian service in New Zealand.[3] Subsequently, Shepherd and his wife Harriet left Sydney and settle in New Zealand permanently in 1821,[4] as Marsden selected him in NSW for his farming skills and his wife's nursing talents.[5] Shepherd and his family settled first in 1820 on the land of Ngapuhi chief Te Morenga of Tai-a-mai,[6][7] near Waimate North, then moved to church service at Keri Keri in 1833.[8] There, he was asked to take charge of the existing store until the new building was completed, planting the gardens at Kemp House.[1]
Religious mission
editShepherd assisted Samuel Marsden's missions at Oihi and Te Puna near Kerikeri and Henry Williams' mission at Paihia.[9] These first C.M.S. missionaries in New Zealand (William Hall, John King, Thomas Kendall, Francis Hall, John Butler, James Kemp and James Shepherd) met criticisms stating: "they did not convert one single Maori; their survival is attributed to Maoris' tolerance rather than missionary proselytizing".[10]
Contributions to Māori language
edit
As Shepherd was fluent in Maori,[11] he wrote in Maori an account of the 'Creation, Fall and Recovery of man', then a translation of St. John's Gospel. Later, as a member of a team including William Gilbert Puckey, William Yate and William Williams, he contributed to the drafting of the first Maori language version of the Bible.[12] This was the first time Te Reo was put into written form. A printed copy of Shepherd's translation of the “Book of Ruth” is currently displayed at Te Papa, Museum of New Zealand.[5] Several of James Shepherds' children grew up at Waitangi fluent in Maori before they became fluent in English, and at least two (Isaac Shepherd and John Goodwin Shepherd) became government certified interpreters, with Isaac Shepherd active in that role during the NZ Wars in Taupo/King Country.
Settlement
editIn 1836, Shepherd purchased a block of land at Tauranga, Whangaroa from James Kemp Tupe,[13] From 1838, he settled permanently at his home named 'Waitangi' near the St James Anglican Church, Matangirau.[9] He is also buried at Waitangi.
References
edit- ^ a b Te Puna – A New Zealand Mission Station: Historical Archaeology in New Zealand
- ^ "Inmagic DB/Text WebPublisher PRO: 1 records". www.aucklandcity.govt.nz.
- ^ Wises New Zealand Guide, 7th Edition, 1979. p.367
- ^ "Shepherd family – Pre-1839 foreigners in NZ". sites.google.com.
- ^ a b Proceedings of the Society of Architectural Historians, Australia and New Zealand Vol. 31 <https://www.unitec.ac.nz/epress/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/Agents-of-Change-or-Changed-Agents_Early-Missionary-Landscape-Translations-through...-by-Susan-Wake-and-Jo-Leather.pdf>
- ^ "The King's Candlesticks: Pedigrees Rev Samuel MARSDEN [16859]". www.thekingscandlesticks.com.
- ^ Taonga, New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage Te Manatu. "Marsden, Samuel". teara.govt.nz.
- ^ "Bio" (PDF). www.the1814hansenfamilysocietyinc.org.
- ^ a b "Whangaroa – Tauranga Bay". www.whangaroa.co.nz.
- ^ "ENZB – 1974 – Williams, W. The Turanga Journals – Preparation, p 19-70". Enzb.auckland.ac.nz. Retrieved 4 July 2018.
- ^ "Timeline of Events". www.bibleandtreaty.co.nz.
- ^ The Conversion of the Maori: Years of Religious and Social Change, 1814–1842
- ^ "Translation – NZETC". nzetc.victoria.ac.nz.