Jan Samuel Timmerman Thijssen (1783 – 15 January 1823) was a Dutch trader who served as Governor of Malacca from 1818 to 1823.
Jan Samuel Timmerman Thijssen | |
|---|---|
| Governor of Dutch Malacca | |
| In office 1818–1823 | |
| Preceded by | William Farquhar (British Resident) |
| Succeeded by | Adriaan Koek (acting) |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 1783 |
| Died | 15 January 1823 (aged 39–40) |
Early life
editJan Samuel Timmerman Thijssen was born in 1783[1] and became a leading Dutch merchant. Whilst in the Dutch East Indies he became a friend of Thomas Stamford Raffles, who was governor during the British occupation of Java from 1811 to 1816.[2]
Governor of Malacca
editIn 1818, he went to Malacca after the British agreed to allow the Dutch to retake possession of the town which the Dutch had previously captured from the Portuguese and held since 1641, it having been briefly relinquished to the British during the Napoleonic Wars (1803 to 1815).[3] There he met British Resident William Farquhar, who handed over control of the town to Thijssen, as the head of the Dutch commissioners, and Thijssen was installed as the Governor of Malacca.[2]
Thijssen soon restored Dutch trade in the Malay Peninsula. The Dutch were strongly opposed to the establishment of the new settlement by Raffles in Singapore in 1819[4] and, despite the friendship between the two men, Thijssen, during his governorship, threatened to send troops to capture the island.[2] Eventually, in the year following the death of Thijssen, the Dutch returned Malacca to the British, and formally agreed to recognise Singapore as a British settlement under the terms of Article 12 of the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824.[4]
Whilst Governor of Malacca, Thijssen announced his intention to abolish slavery which had long existed in Malacca. An English translation of his speech was printed in the newspaper of the London Missionary Society published by British missionaries William Milne and Robert Morrison in January 1820 who were also advocating its abolition.[5]
Death
editThijssen died on 15 January 1823 whilst in office.[6] The circumstances surrounding his death have never been established which has given rise to speculation as to the cause of death at age 40.[1] No identifiable grave has been found.[2]
References
edit- ^ a b Kraal, Diane (2010). "The Circumstances Surrounding the Untimely Death of Jan S. Timmerman-Thijssen, Governor of Malacca 1818-1823". Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society. 83 (1 (298)): 9–28. ISSN 0126-7353. JSTOR 41493766.
- ^ a b c d Harfield, Alan (2002). Christian cemeteries and memorials in the state of Malacca. Internet Archive. London : BACSA. ISBN 978-0-907799-66-5.
- ^ Moore, Allein G. (2022-03-02). The Story of Malacca. Partridge Publishing Singapore. ISBN 978-1-5437-6845-9.
- ^ a b Borschberg, Peter (2019). "Dutch objections to British Singapore, 1819–1824: Law, politics, commerce and a diplomatic misstep". Journal of Southeast Asian Studies. 50 (4): 540–561. doi:10.1017/S0022463420000053. ISSN 0022-4634. S2CID 226792993.
- ^ Thyssen, Jan Samuel Timmerman; Gleaner, Indo-Chinese. The Emancipation of Slaves in Dutch Malacca.
- ^ A W Mason, Geo Owen (1825). The East-India Register and Directory for 1825, 2nd edition [India].