Wikipedia

Janez Janša

For other people named Janez Janša, see Janez Janša (disambiguation).

Ivan Janša (Slovene: [ˈíːʋan ˈjàːnʃa];[1] born 17 September 1958), baptized and best known as Janez Janša[2] (Slovene: [ˈjàːnɛs]),[3] is a Slovenian politician who served three times as a prime minister of Slovenia, a position he had held from 2004 to 2008, from 2012 to 2013, and from 2020 to 2022.[4][5][6] Since 1993, Janša has led the Slovenian Democratic Party, which has emerged as the pre-eminent Slovenian conservative party.[7][8][9] Janša lost his fourth bid for prime minister in April 2022, his party defeated by the Freedom Movement party.[10]

Janez Janša
Janša in 2022
Prime Minister of Slovenia
In office
3 March 2020 – 1 June 2022
PresidentBorut Pahor
Preceded byMarjan Šarec
Succeeded byRobert Golob
In office
10 February 2012 – 20 March 2013
PresidentDanilo Türk
Borut Pahor
Preceded byBorut Pahor
Succeeded byAlenka Bratušek
In office
3 December 2004 – 21 November 2008
PresidentJanez Drnovšek
Danilo Türk
Preceded byAnton Rop
Succeeded byBorut Pahor
Minister of Defence
In office
7 June 2000 – 30 November 2000
Prime MinisterAndrej Bajuk
Preceded byFranci Demšar
Succeeded byAnton Grizold
In office
16 May 1990 – 29 March 1994
Prime MinisterLojze Peterle
Janez Drnovšek
Preceded byOffice established
Succeeded byJelko Kacin
Leader of the Slovenian Democratic Party
Incumbent
Assumed office
May 1993
Preceded byJože Pučnik
Member of the National Assembly
for Grosuplje
Incumbent
Assumed office
8 April 1990
Additional positions
President-in-Office of the European Council
In office
1 January 2008 – 30 June 2008
Preceded byJosé Sócrates
Succeeded byNicolas Sarkozy
Personal details
Born
Ivan Janša

(1958-09-17) 17 September 1958 (age 66)
Grosuplje, PR Slovenia, FPR Yugoslavia
Political partyLeague of Communists (1975–1983)
Slovenian Democratic Union (1989–1991)
Slovenian Democratic Party (1992–present)
Spouse(s)Silva Predalič
Urška Bačovnik
​
(m. 2009)​
Children4
EducationUniversity of Ljubljana

Janša served as minister of defence from 1990 to 1994, a post he had also held during the Slovenian War of Independence. Janša served as prime minister from 2004 to 2008, and again became prime minister in 2012, following an early election in December 2011.[11] On 27 February 2013, Janša's second government was ousted in a vote of non-confidence.[12] In June 2013, Janša was sentenced to two years in prison on corruption charges.[13] The ruling was confirmed by Slovenia's higher court in April 2014, but after the Constitutional Court of Slovenia ordered a retrial for procedural reasons, the case later expired.[14][15] Despite his party winning a plurality of votes in the 2018 Slovenian parliamentary election, Janša was initially passed over as a prime minister candidate as most parties refused to join a Janša-led government because of Janša's extremist views.[16][17][18] After spending years in opposition, Janša was selected as prime minister-designate in March 2020 following the resignation of prime minister Marjan Šarec.[19] His third term as a prime minister ended on 13 May 2022.[20]

A communist in his youth, Janša's political stance has drifted rightward during the course of his political career, from a liberal, pro-democracy dissident under communist rule, to a social democrat politician, and to a right-wing hardliner.[21][22][23][24][25] Janša was described as a far-right leader by The Independent and by Foreign Policy in 2020.[26][27] His style of politics has been compared to Donald Trump.[28][29][22] He has been dubbed a "MAGA-style populist" by NPR, "the Slovenian Trump" by Der Spiegel, and "mini-Trump" by Deutsche Welle.[30][31][32] Following the 2020 United States presidential election, Janša declared Trump the winner, and proceeded to tweet a series of conspiracy theories about the election.[27][33][34] Janša is a close ally of Hungary's prime minister Viktor Orbán.[35][27][22]

Youth and education

edit

Janša was born to a Roman Catholic working-class family of Grosuplje. He was called Janez (a version of the name Ivan; both are John in English) since childhood. His father was a member of the Slovene Home Guard from Dobrova near Ljubljana who had escaped communist retaliation due to his young age.[36]

Janša graduated from the Faculty of Sociology, Political Science, and Journalism of the University of Ljubljana with a degree in Defence Studies in 1982,[7] and became employed in the Defence Secretariate of the Socialist Republic of Slovenia.[37]

In 1975, aged 17, Janša joined the League of Communists, and became one of the leaders of its youth wing. He became president of the Committee for Basic People's Defence and Social Self-Protection of the League of the Socialist Youth of Slovenia  [sl] (ZSMS).[25] Janša was expelled from the party in 1983 after breaking with Yugoslav military orthodoxy by criticizing the system of people's self-defense from a radical left perspective. Janša appealed his ouster, but his appeal was denied.[38][25] Despite the ejection, Janša touted his work in the party in a resume while applying for a job as newspaper editor in 1985.[25]

Dissident

edit

In 1983, Janša wrote the first of his dissident articles about the nature of the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA). In the late 1980s, as Slovenia was introducing democratic reforms and gradually lifting restrictions on freedom of speech, Janša wrote several articles criticising the Yugoslav People's Army in Mladina magazine (published by the League of Socialist Youth of Slovenia[39]). As a result, his re-election as president of the Committee was blocked in 1984, and in 1985 his passport was withdrawn.[citation needed] During this period, Janša and his associates were held under closer watch by the Yugoslav secret police. Janša was also barred from gaining employment in any state institution or state-owned company. Between 1985 and 1986, he made over 250 job applications without success despite meeting all qualifications. He was also unable to publish articles. During this period he earned his living writing computer programs and as a chance mountaineering guide.[39]

Liberalization in the succeeding years allowed him to get work as secretary of the Journal for the Criticism of Science in 1986, and, a year later, to again begin publishing in Mladina. His Mladina articles consisted of critical opinion columns and articles on the topic of democracy and national sovereignty.[39]

In the mid-1980s, Janša was employed in the Slovenian software company Mikrohit;[40] in the years 1986 and 1987, Janša founded, together with his friend Igor Omerza (later high-ranking politician of the Slovenian Democratic Union and the Liberal Democracy of Slovenia), his own software company Mikro Ada.[40]

He became involved in the pacifist movement, and emerged as an important activist in the network of civil society organizations in Slovenia.[41] By the mid-1980s, he was one of the most prominent activist of the Slovenian pacifist movement.[42] Janša also became active in the nascent environmental movement.[39]

Rapprochement with the Socialist Youth movement

edit
 
League of Communists questionnaire filled out by Janša

In 1987, Janša was approached by the family of the late politician Stane Kavčič, who had been the most important exponent of the reformist fraction in the Slovenian Communist Party in the late 1960s, and prime minister of Slovenia between 1967 and 1972; he was asked to edit the manuscript of Kavčič's diaries.[43] Janša edited the volume together with Igor Bavčar.[44] The publication of the book was part of the political project of Niko Kavčič, former banker and prominent member of the reformist wing of the Communist Party, to establish a new Slovenian left wing political formation that would challenge the hardliners within the Communist Party.[44]

In the spring of 1988, Janša ran for president of the League of the Socialist Youth of Slovenia [sl], a semi-independent youth organization of the Communist Party, which had been open, since 1986, also to non-party members. In his program, Janša proposed that the organization become independent of the Communist Party and transform itself into an association of all youth and civic associations; he also proposed that it rename itself the "League of Youth Organizations and Movements", and that it assume the role of the main civil society platform in Slovenia.[45] During that time, he also participated in the public discussions on the constitutional changes of Yugoslav and Slovenian constitution.[46]

Arrest and trial

edit

On 31 May 1988, Janša was arrested on suspicion of possessing a classified Yugoslav military document uncovered during a search on the premises of a company where Janša was employed (a staff sergeant of the Yugoslav Army, Ivan Borštner, was arrested the same day on suspicion of leaking the document to Mladina).[47] Along with two Mladina journalists, they were tried by a military court on charges of exposing military secrets, and given prison sentences.[48] Janša's trial was conducted in camera, with no legal representation for the accused, and in Serbo-Croatian (the official language of the Yugoslav Army) rather than in Slovene.[49]

Janša was sentenced to 18 months imprisonment,[48] initially at Dob, but, following public outcry, he was transferred to the open prison in Ig.[50] The case became known as the JBTZ affair and triggered mass protests against the government, and accelerated the process of democratization,[48] known as the Slovenian Spring. The Committee for the Defence of Human Rights was formed following Janša's arrest, which became the largest grassroots civil society organization in Slovenia, gaining over 100,000 members within weeks.[51]

Janša later accused Milan Kučan, the then-leader of SR Slovenia, of having accepted the Yugoslav Army's request for the arrest.[52] Kučan, under pressure from the Yugoslav federal authorities, did in fact acquiesce to the searches that led to the subsequent arrests.[53] Niko Kavčič, who was at that time considered Janša's political mentor,[54] believed the arrest was organized by the hardliners within the Slovenian Communist Party who were angered by the publication of Stane Kavčič's diaries and wanted to prevent the formation of an alternative reformist movement.[55]

The philosopher Slavoj Žižek, who at the time also worked as a columnist for Mladina, suggested that Janša was arrested because of his critical articles on the Yugoslav Army, and because the army wanted to prevent his election as president of the League of the Socialist Youth of Slovenia.[56] As a consequence of his arrest, he could not run for the position; nevertheless, the leadership of the organization decided to carry on with the elections despite Janša's arrest. In June 1988, Jožef Školč was elected as president of the League instead of Janša.[45]

As a protest against the League of the Socialist Youth of Slovenia's decision not to postpone the elections, Janša's broke all relations with the organization.[citation needed] Janša was released after serving about six months of sentence, and became editor-in-chief of the Slovene political weekly magazine Demokracija (Democracy) shortly after his release, a position he held until May 1990, having been elected to parliament the previous month.[57]

Political career

edit

1990–1994: Foray into politics, minister of defence

edit
 
Igor Bavčar and Janša during the Ten-Day War

In 1989, Janša was involved in the founding of one of the first opposition parties in Slovenia, the Slovenian Democratic Union (SDZ) and became its first vice-president, and later president of the Party Council. Following the first free elections in May 1990 he became the minister of defence in Lojze Peterle's cabinet, a position he held during the Slovenian war for independence in June and July 1991. Together with the Minister of Interior Igor Bavčar, Janša was the main organizer of Slovenia's strategy against the Yugoslav People's Army.[citation needed]

In 1992, when the Slovenian Democratic Union broke into a liberal and a conservative wing, the leaders of the liberal fraction wanted to propose Janša as the compromise president of the party, but he refused the offer.[58] After the party's final breakdown, he joined the Social Democratic Party of Slovenia (now called Slovenian Democratic Party) and remained Defence Minister in the center-left coalition government of Janez Drnovšek until March 1994. In May 1993, he was elected president of the Social Democratic Party of Slovenia, a position he has held ever since.[59]

Controversies and dismissal from ministerial post

edit

Janša has been accused of having abused his position as defense minister to consolidate political power,[60] engaging in arms trafficking to arm combatants in the Yugoslav Wars in violation of a United Nations arms embargo,[60][61][62][63][64][65][66] and blackmailing prominent individuals, including politicians, businesspeople, journalists, and cultural and literary figures, by threatening to make public information (to which he was privy to in his ministerial role) regarding their previously undisclosed involvement with the former communist secret police.[60]

In 1994, Janez Janša was dismissed by Prime Minister Janez Drnovšek from his role as Defence Minister because of his involvement in the Depala Vas affair (which centered around an incident in which military personnel arrested and mistreated a civilian off-duty undercover police associate that was attempting to obtain classified documents about the Ministry of Defence).[67][68][69][70] SDS subsequently left the Drnovšek government as a result.[69] The dismissal prompted protests by Janša's supporters[71] and there were founded fears inside the government that Janša, backed by the nascent military, may refuse to relinquish power.[72] A 2003 Mladina article alleged that Slovenia's military's special unit (MORiS) was in 1994 performing military exercises intended to prepare the force to carry out a military coup d'état. The police force was at the same time covertly preparing to secure the state and prevent a military takeover. In a press conference shortly prior to the article's publication, Janša pointed to documents detailing these police plans to secure state institutions to argue that a coup was in fact afoot against his Ministry. In a 1999 interview with Delo, Janša commented on the events of 1994, saying: "I held immense power in my hands. [...] And in 1994, when they were deposing me, there was a lot of suggestions that we not accept this removal. I could have done that. But I didn't."[73] In 1995, Janša was charged for alleged illegal arms trafficking, but the case was never brought to trial.[62]

1994–2004: In opposition

edit

In 1996 parliamentary elections Janša's party's vote share rose significantly, from around 3.5% in the previous election to over 16%, becoming the third largest political party in the parliament and mounting an ultimately unsuccessful attempt to form a governing coalition.[74] SDS largely remained in opposition for until 2004 years, save for a brief period in 2000 when it entered a short-lived centre-right government led by Andrej Bajuk,[69][75]

During his time in opposition, Janša supported the government's efforts for the integration into EU and NATO. Between 2002 and 2004, he re-established cordial relations with now-President Drnovšek: in 2003, Drnovšek headed a round table on Slovenia's future based on Janša's recommendations.[76]

Criticism as extremist

edit

During this time, Janša was frequently accused of political extremism and radical discourse. Janša's former friend and fellow dissident Spomenka Hribar argues that his campaigns seem like conspiracy theories, and emphasize emotion, especially patriotic fervor, over rationality.[77][78] The post-Marxist sociologist Rudi Rizman describes Janša's rhetoric as radical populism, close to demagoguery.[79] The notion of "Udbo-Mafija", a term coined by the architect Edo Ravnikar[80] to denote the illegitimate structural connections between the post-communist elites, is particularly prevalent in Janša's thought.[79] Most critics agree that Janša is similar to other European radical right-wing populist leaders.[79] Janša's rhetoric is nationalist and xenophobic, including verbal attacks against foreigners, especially from the other former-Yugoslav states, and "communists".[81] Hribar considers these elements a form of extreme nationalism and chauvinism; to her, his irredentist claims towards Croatia seem obvious neo-fascism.[78]

The sociologist Frane Adam instead explains Janša as the product of culture wars between the old communist elites and the hitherto disenfranchised elites of the right wing.[82] The writer Drago Jančar similarly interprets the animosity against Janša as unjustified reactions of a culture unused to conservative political discourse.[83]

Ahead of the 2004 electoral campaign, Janša turned towards moderation, tempering his radical language and attacks against alleged communists. Still, some critics continued to point out nationalistic rhetoric against immigrants.[84]

2004–2008: First term as prime minister

edit
Main article: 8th Government of Slovenia
 
Janša's cabinet in 2004

Janša was prime minister of Slovenia for the first time from November 2004 to November 2008. During the term characterized by over-enthusiasm after joining EU, between 2005 and 2008 the Slovenian banks have seen loan-deposit ratio veering out of control, over-borrowing from foreign banks and then over-crediting private sector, leading to its unsustainable growth.

It was also for the first time after 1992 that the president and the prime minister had represented opposing political factions for more than a few months. The relationship between Drnovšek and the government quickly became tense. After the landslide victory of the opposition candidate Danilo Türk in the 2007 presidential election, Janša filed a Motion of Confidence in the government on 15 November 2007, stating that the opposition's criticism was interfering with the government's work during Slovenia's presidency over the European Union.[85] The government won the vote, held on 19 November, with 51 votes supporting it and 33 opposing it.[86]

 
Janša with U.S. President George W. Bush in Washington, 10 July 2006

In the beginning of December 2011, several clips of the recordings of closed sessions of the Government of Slovenia during the term of Janez Janša were published on the video-sharing website YouTube.[87][88]

Allegations were made against Janez Janša that he tried to subordinate Slovenian media.[89] On 1 September 2008, some three weeks before the Slovenian parliamentary elections, allegations were made in Finnish TV in a documentary broadcast by the Finnish national broadcasting company YLE that Janša had received bribes from the Finnish defense company Patria (73.2% of which is the property of the Finnish government) in the so-called Patria case.[90][91][92] Janša rejected all accusations as a media conspiracy concocted by left-wing Slovenian journalists, and demanded YLE to provide evidence or to retract the story.[93] Janša's naming of individual journalists, including some of those behind the 2007 Petition Against Political Pressure on Slovenian Journalists, and the perceived use of diplomatic channels in an attempt to coerce the Finnish government into interfering with YLE editorial policy, drew criticism from media freedom organizations, such as the International Press Institute[94][95] and European branch of International Federation of Journalists whose representative, Aidan White, IFJ general secretary, said "The (Janša's) government is distorting the facts, failing to tell Slovenians the truth and trying to pull the wool over the eyes of the European public about its attitude to media".[96]

2008–2011: In opposition

edit
 
Janša meets with President of the European Commission José Manuel Barroso and Luxembourgish prime minister Jean-Claude Juncker at the EPP Summit in Meise, 16 December 2010

In the November 2008 parliamentary election, Janša's party placed second.[97] Janša was replaced as prime minister by Borut Pahor, leader of Social Democrats.[98]

In December 2011 Janša's party won the second place in the Slovenian parliamentary elections. Since the prime minister-designate of the first-placed party, Positive Slovenia, Zoran Janković failed to secure himself enough votes in the National Assembly,[99] and Danilo Türk, the president of Slovenia, declined to propose Janša as prime minister because Janša had been charged in the Patria bribery case, Janša was proposed as prime minister by the coalition of the parties SDS, SLS, DeSUS, NSi, and the newly formed Gregor Virant's Civic List on 25 January 2012.[100] On 28 January he became prime minister-designate.[101] His cabinet[102] was confirmed on 10 February, and Janša became the new prime minister with a handover from Pahor on the same day.[103][104] On 13 February the President received the new Government and wished them luck. Both parties agreed that good cooperation is crucial for success.[105]

2012–2013: Second term as prime minister

edit
Main article: 10th Government of Slovenia
 
Janša with Azerbaijani President Ilham Aliyev, 16 January 2013

During his second term as prime minister, which lasted only one year, Janez Janša responded to the weakening of Slovenian economy during the global economic crisis and European sovereign-debt crisis with opening up old ideological fronts against liberal media, and against public sector – especially educational and cultural sectors, accusing them of being under influence of members of old regime (called Udbomafia and "Uncles from Behind the Scenes" (In Slovene: "strici iz ozadja")[106]) and against everyone who doubted that austerity measures forced upon Slovenia are right ones.[107][108]

Slovenian political elites faced the 2012–2013 Slovenian protests demanding their resignation.[109][110][111][112]

In January 2013, the 2012–2013 Investigation Report on the parliamentary parties' leaders by Commission for the Prevention of Corruption of the Republic of Slovenia revealed that Janez Janša and Zoran Janković systematically and repeatedly violated the law by failing to properly report their assets.[113][114][115] It revealed his purchase of one of the real-estate was indirectly co-funded by a construction firm, a major government contractor.[113] It showed that his use of funds in the amount of at least 200.000 EUR, coming from unknown origin, exceeded both his income and savings.[113]

Immediately after the release of the report, Civic List issued an ultimatum to Janša's party to find another party member to serve as a new PM.[116] Since Janša was ignoring the report and his party didn't offer any replacement for him, all three coalition parties and their leaders left the government within weeks and were subjected to ad hominem attacks by Janez Janša who accused the SLS's leader Radovan Žerjav of being "the worst (economics) minister in history of Slovenia", while the leader of the Civic List Gregor Virant has been mocked by Janša as engaging in "virantovanje" (a word game on kurentovanje, a Slovenian carnival festival).[117][118][119] On 27 February 2013, Janša's government fell, following a vote of no confidence over allegations of corruption and an unpopular austerity programme in the midst of the country's recession. Gregor Virant welcomed the outcome of the vote, stating that it will enable Slovenia to move forward, either to form a new government or to call for an early election.[120] Janša took over Ministry of Finance on 1 February.[121]

2013–2018: Return to opposition, court trial and imprisonment

edit

Following the fall of his government, Janša decided not to resume his position as a member of the National Assembly. Instead, he decided to work for his party (SDS), write books, lecture at international institutes and help as a counsellor.[122]

On 5 June 2013, the District Court in Ljubljana ruled that Janša and two others had sought about €2m in commission from a Finnish firm, Patria, to help it win a military supply contract in 2006 (Patria case).[123] Janša was sentenced to two years while Tone Krkovič and Ivan Črnkovič, his co-defendants, were each sentenced to 22 months in prison. All three were also fined €37,000 each.[123][124] Janša has denied the accusations, claiming the whole process is politically motivated.[125] The following day, the Minister of Justice, Senko Pličanič, emphasised that the court ruling was not yet binding and therefore Janša was still presumed innocent.[126]

Several hundred supporters had rallied outside the court to protest the ruling, while another group of people welcomed the outcome.[127] In his first response, Janša stated he will fight with all available legal and political means to overturn the ruling at the superior court.[128] He has also drawn parallels to the politically motivated JBTZ trial, where he was sentenced to prison 25 years ago.[128] Members of SDS, NSi and SLS, the opposition parties, condemned the ruling.[127] The coalition mostly abstained from comments. Borut Pahor, the president of Slovenia, stressed that the authority of the court should be respected, regardless of personal opinions.[129] The ruling was welcomed by the members of the Protest movement and Goran Klemenčič of the Commission for the Prevention of Corruption of the Republic of Slovenia, who stated that the fight against corruption in Slovenia must continue.[130]

Imprisonment and release

edit
 
Janša with one of his closest allies, Hungarian prime minister Viktor Orbán at an EPP Summit, 22 March 2018

After the Constitutional Court of Slovenia with the majority of votes dismissed Janša's appeal due to him not having exhausted every other legal means available to him, on 20 June 2014 Janša started serving his prison term in Dob Prison, the largest Slovene prison. He was escorted there by about 3,000 supporters.[131] The influential German centre-right wing newspaper Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung reported the following day that the domestic Slovene and the international law experts recognised large violations of Janša's rights in the court case.[132] The case is to be reviewed by the Supreme Court, but this does not postpone the execution of the sentence that started just three weeks before the parliamentary election. Former constitutional judges criticised the decision of the Constitutional Court for being based on formalities instead of on the content, and commented that a large legal inconsistency in the process was discovered only in front of the Constitutional Court and that it will prevent the Supreme Court from not overturning the judgement.[133] On 12 December 2014 Janša was temporarily released from the prison pending the review of the case by the Constitutional Court.[134] The conviction was unanimously overturned by the Constitutional Court on 23 April 2015.[15]

2018–2020: Elections, from opposition to government

edit

In the early election on 3 June 2018, Janez Janša was re-elected as a deputy. He was elected in the electoral district of Grosuplje and received 7,020 votes or 39.3%, the largest share of all candidates in the country. The Slovenian Democratic Party (SDS) won the election by receiving 24.92% of votes and gaining 25 seats out of 90 in the National Assembly.[135]

2020–2022: Third term as prime minister

edit
Main article: 14th Government of Slovenia
 
Janša alongside U.S. Secretary of State Mike Pompeo in Ljubljana, 13 August 2020

Following the resignation of Marjan Šarec as prime minister, Janša was elected as prime minister-designate on 3 March 2020, to form the 14th Government of Slovenia.[19] He was sworn in on 13 March 2020.[136][137]

On 4 November 2020, the day after the United States presidential election, Janša congratulated Donald Trump on his alleged reelection; he remained the only world leader to have done so when news organizations instead called the election for Joe Biden on 7 November.[138][139]

Janša described the Fall of Kabul to the Taliban in August 2021 as "the greatest defeat for NATO in history".[140]

 
Janša greeting Ukrainian president Volodymyr Zelenskyy in Kyiv, 15 March 2022

After the start of the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, on 15 March 2022, together with Polish prime minister Mateusz Morawiecki, Deputy Prime Minister Jarosław Kaczyński and Czech prime minister Petr Fiala, Janša went to Kyiv to meet with Ukrainian president Volodymyr Zelenskyy. The visit was aimed at supporting Ukraine's independence.[141]

Janša's third term as a prime minister ended on 13 May 2022.[20] He was officially succeeded by Robert Golob on 1 June 2022.[142]

Balkan non-papers

edit
Main article: 2021 Balkan non-papers

In April 2021, two documents, named the Balkan non-papers, which called for the "peaceful dissolution" of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the annexation of parts of Montenegro and North Macedonia into a Greater Serbia and Greater Croatia, as well as the unification of Albania and Kosovo, was said to have been created or distributed by Janša. The story of the non-papers was broken down by Bosnian web portal politicki.ba on 12 April 2021.[143][144][145][146][147][148] The document's plans and ideas were heavily criticized and reacted to by many political leaders from Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, Croatia, Montenegro, Slovenia and as well as by politicians from the European Union and Russia, including Russian minister of foreign affairs Sergey Lavrov[149] and the European Commission's Vice-President and EU's High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy, Josep Borrell.[150]

Upon the non-papers being sent by Janša, Bosnian Presidency member Šefik Džaferović sent a letter of concern to European Council President Charles Michel.[151] After hearing news about the document, Janša spoke in a telephone call with Džaferović, stating that "there is no non-paper regarding border changes in the Western Balkans" and adding that he supports "the territorial integrity of Bosnia and Herzegovina."[152]

Janšism

edit
 
Janša addressing CPAC Hungary, 5 May 2023

Janšism (Slovenian: Janšizem) has been defined as "the political orientation developed and advocated by Janez Janša".[153]

Tino Mamić, writing in Domovina, a conservative publication,[154][155] writes that Janša's politics are not unique enough to warrant coining a neologism to describe them, and that the term is being used with the intent of discrediting Janez Janša.[156]

Use during 2020 anti-government protests

edit

The term has been used in slogans during the 2020 Slovenian protests to express opposition to the Third Janša Government.[157][158] Police launched criminal investigations against several protesters after they displayed the slogan "Death to Janšism, freedom to the people" (word play on the Yugoslav Partisan slogan "Death to fascism, freedom to the people")[158] after Janša had lodged criminal complaints against the protesters, however, the office of the district prosecutor did not recognise the slogans as a death threat against Janša or his supporters (as Janša had claimed). Instead, it determined that the phrase was intended to express opposition to the politics of Janša and/or his political party.[159] In response to the decision, Janša addressed a letter to the state prosecutor general in which he admonished the prosecutor by threatening "you will be held personally responsible for any possible casualty of these organised death threats".[160] The State Prosecutorial Council labelled the letter as unacceptable political pressure of the highest representative of the executive branch upon the state prosecutor general.[161]

Controversies

edit
 
Janša with Israeli prime minister Benyamin Netanyahu, 8 December 2020

Janša has served as the leader of SDS ever since 1993 without a single other contender for the post.[162] Party members are extremely loyal to Janša;[163] it has been noted that the party appears to resemble a cult,[164][165][166] with numerous past members claiming that Janša leads the party in an authoritarian manner and that no dissent is tolerated.[167][168][169][170][171][172][173] SDS MEP Romana Jordan Cizelj was reportedly the only one within the party leadership to openly voice her doubts about Janša's continued leadership of the party whilst serving a prison sentence for corruption. Jordan Cizelj was subsequently not allowed to run for re-election as MEP on the SDS ticket as punishment for her disloyalty to Janša.[172]

Janša is known as a prolific Twitter user, earning him the nickname Marshal Twitto (a reference to the honorary military title of (Marshal) Josip Broz Tito[174]),[174][175][176][177][178][179][180] Janša tends to be pugnacious in his interactions on the site,[174][181][182][183] with one commentator describing him as "[...] using social media to insult journalists, political opponents, the general public, and anybody who does not agree with him",[184] and The New York Times describing him as "[...] setting the benchmark for intemperate social media messaging by a national leader".[174] He has also been known to proactively block people he dislikes on the site (including journalists and random users who had never interacted with him on the site).[185] Janša has been sued for defamation after labeling a journalist a "washed-up prostitute" in a tweet. The case is to be litigated before the Constitutional Court.[186] A 2020 analysis of Janša's more than 64.000 Twitter followers revealed that 73.3% were fake accounts. That year, Janša announced the administrator of his Twitter user profile would remove fake accounts.[187] Janša's large number of fake Twitter followers has been noted in the media for years.[187][188] Janša was also a Parler user,[182] inviting his Twitter followers to join him on the site in an English-language tweet.[189] Janša followed several controversial far-right figures and conspiracy theorists on the site.[182]

 
Janša with Ethiopian prime minister Abiy Ahmed in Brussels, 17 February 2022

During a public spat with Janša, lawyer Lucija Ušaj Šikovec, a former SDS member and deputy leader of a newly formed far-right Homeland League party,[190][191][192] accused Janša of controlling the party as an SDS satellite through its leader.[193] After Janša accused her of leaving SDS because it didn't meet her demand to stand as the party's candidate for the 2019 European Parliament election, Ušaj accused him of lying and released a screen capture of a conversation between her and Janša in which he requested that "they" should astroturf an anti-immigration protest on the day that parliament was to discuss an SDS proposal for a referendum on immigration, explaining that "protests are effective if the action comes from below and appears to be a spontaneous uprising". Such a protest did in fact take place and was attended by some 200-250 people, among them the future leader of the Homeland League. Ušaj Šikovec threatened to release more compromising messages from Janša if he did not recant the statement.[194]

Accusations of plagiarism

edit

The largest and most notable Roman Catholic newspaper Družina and Janša have both claimed that the very few individuals who managed to survive the Kočevski Rog massacre included Janša's father, although the story of the actual survivor France Dejak, which was told in 1989 for the first time in Mladina,[195] was re-told in details as if it has been experienced by Janša's father.

In 2008, it was reported by the newspaper Mladina that Janez Janša copied a speech by Tony Blair, the prime minister of the United Kingdom. It was used in 2006 for the ceremony on the 15th anniversary of the Slovenian declaration of independence. His office responded with the claim that it was not copied but similar to Blair's speech, and that this were only a few phrases often used for such occasions. A few of these sentences were proclaimed the Spade of the Year by the newspaper Večer in 2006; the award is given annually to the best publicly expressed thought in Slovenia.[196]

Personal life

edit

Janša is an active mountaineer, golfer, footballer, skier and snowboarder.[197]

Janša had a long-term relationship with Silva Predalič, and they had two children, a son and a daughter.[197][198]

Since July 2009, Janša has been married to Urška Bačovnik (MD) from Velenje. The two had been dating since 2006.[199] In August 2011, their son Črtomir was born.[200] Their second son, Jakob, was born in August 2013.[201]

Author

edit

Janša has published several books, the two of which are Premiki ("Manoeuvres", published in 1992 and subsequently translated into English under the title "The Making of the Slovenian State") and Okopi ("Barricades", 1994), in which he exposes his personal views on the problems of Slovenia's transition from communism to a parliamentary democracy. In both books, but particularly in Okopi, Janša criticized the then president of Slovenia Milan Kučan of interfering in daily politics using the informal influence he had gained as the last chairman of the Communist Party of Slovenia. He published a second edition of the same book: Dvajset let pozneje Okopi with some additional documents and personal views.

  • Podružbljanje varnosti in obrambe ('The Socialization of Security and Defence', editor); Ljubljana: Republiška konferenca ZSMS, 1984.
  • Stane Kavčič, Dnevnik in spomini ('The Memoirs of Stane Kavčič', co-edited with Igor Bavčar); Ljubljana: ČKZ, 1988.
  • Na svoji strani ('On One's Own Side', collection of articles); Ljubljana: ČKZ, 1988.
  • Premiki: nastajanje in obramba slovenske države 1988–1992; Ljubljana: Mladinska knjiga, 1992. English translation: The Making of the Slovenian State, 1988–1992: the Collapse of Yugoslavia; Ljubljana: Mladinska knjiga, 1994.
  • Okopi: pot slovenske države 1991–1994 ('Trenches: the Evolution of the Slovenian State, 1991–1994'); Ljubljana: Mladinska knjiga, 1994.
  • Sedem let pozneje ('Seven Years Later'). Ljubljana: Založba Karantanija, 1994.
  • Osem let pozneje ('Eight Years Later', co-authored with Ivan Borštner and David Tasić); Ljubljana: Založba Karantanija, 1995.
  • Dvajset let pozneje, Okopi II ('Twenty Years Later, Trenches II'). Ljubljana: Založba Mladinska knjiga, 2014.
  • White panther : the first book of The kingdom of Noric. London: IndieBooks, 2018.[202][203]

References

edit
  1. ^ "Slovenski pravopis 2001: Ivan". "Slovenski pravopis 2001: Janša".
  2. ^ "Janša: P.S. Janez ni moj vzdevek" [Janša: P.S.: Janez is not my Nickname]. 24ur.si (in Slovenian). 28 September 2010. Archived from the original on 4 October 2013. Retrieved 9 February 2012.
  3. ^ "Slovenski pravopis 2001: Janez". "Slovenski pravopis 2001: Janša".
  4. ^ "Janša zavrnil govorice o karanteni: "Smiselna je le samokarantena" - RTVSLO.si".
  5. ^ "Parliament Endorses Janša for PM-Elect (roundup)". Slovenian Press Agency. 28 January 2012.
  6. ^ "Sklep o izvolitvi predsednika Vlade Republike Slovenije". Official Gazette of the Republic of Slovenia. 28 January 2011.
  7. ^ a b "Slovenian lawmakers elect conservative parliament speaker". Business Insider. Archived from the original on 23 June 2018. Retrieved 15 November 2020.
  8. ^ "SDS brez preboja: Za neuspehe v glavnem krivi mediji". www.vecer.com (in Slovenian). 5 February 2019. Retrieved 15 November 2020.
  9. ^ "Janez Janša je pred četrt stoletja prevzel vodenje SDS". www.delo.si (in Slovenian). Retrieved 15 November 2020.
  10. ^ Lihtenvalner, Katja (25 April 2022). "Slovenia's populist PM loses election to environmentalist party". Reuters. CNN.
  11. ^ "Prime Minister Janez Janša | GOV.SI". Portal GOV.SI. Retrieved 15 November 2020.
  12. ^ "Slovenia parliament ousts PM Jansa". BBC News. 28 February 2013. Retrieved 4 March 2018.
  13. ^ "Janša to "Fight to the End", Says Conviction Political". The Slovenia Times. 5 June 2013. Archived from the original on 18 June 2018. Retrieved 10 June 2013.
  14. ^ "Slovenian court confirms jail sentence for ex-PM Jansa". Reuters. 28 April 2014.
  15. ^ a b "Constitutional court overturned the convictions in the Patria case". MMC RTV Slovenia. 23 April 2015.
  16. ^ "Right-wing politician Jansa set to become Slovenia's new PM". AP NEWS. 26 February 2020. Retrieved 15 November 2020.
  17. ^ Obrenovic, Mladen. "Far-right party faces hurdles in forming Slovenia parliament". www.aljazeera.com. Retrieved 15 November 2020.
  18. ^ Agencies (4 June 2018). "Slovenian nationalist party set for power after winning election". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 15 November 2020.
  19. ^ a b "Janša to head Slovenia's next government - RTVSLO.si".
  20. ^ a b "Kaj so tekoči posli in kako bodo plačani ministri, ki so od danes tudi poslanci?". N1 (in Slovenian). 13 May 2022. Retrieved 13 May 2022.
  21. ^ "Slovenian strongman back at EU top table". POLITICO. 12 March 2020. Retrieved 15 November 2020.
  22. ^ a b c Central, Shaun Walker; correspondent, eastern Europe (4 May 2020). "Slovenia's PM Janša channels Orbán with attacks on media and migrants". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 15 November 2020. {{cite news}}: |last2= has generic name (help)
  23. ^ "Slovenian NGOs Facing Eviction Claim Jansa Wants Them Silenced". Balkan Insight. 28 October 2020. Retrieved 15 November 2020.
  24. ^ "Anti-immigration SDS party wins Slovenian election". POLITICO. 4 June 2018. Retrieved 15 November 2020.
  25. ^ a b c d "Svet24.si - Rdeči dosje Janeza Janše: Ko je sovrstnike razganjalo od hormonov, je kot 17-letnik vstopil v partijo". Svet24.si - Vsa resnica na enem mestu (in Slovenian). Retrieved 15 November 2020.
  26. ^ "Slovenia's PM becomes first leader to back baseless Trump victory claim". The Independent. 4 November 2020. Retrieved 15 November 2020.
  27. ^ a b c Palmer, James (7 November 2020). "Slovenia PM Frantically Tries to Justify Congratulatory Trump Call". Foreign Policy. Retrieved 15 November 2020.
  28. ^ "Slovenian premier endorses Trump's reelection, joins vothers". AP NEWS. 23 October 2020. Retrieved 15 November 2020.
  29. ^ Janeiro, Shaun Walker Tom Phillips in Rio de; Paris, Jon Henley in (11 November 2020). "End of Trump era deals heavy blow to rightwing populist leaders worldwide". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 15 November 2020.
  30. ^ Kakissis, Joanna (7 November 2020). "Leaders Of Hungary And Slovenia, Stout Trump Allies In EU, Say U.S. Vote Isn't Over". NPR.org. Retrieved 15 November 2020.
  31. ^ SPIEGEL, Walter Mayr, DER (9 November 2020). "Janez Janša: Der slowenische Donald Trump - DER SPIEGEL - Politik". Der Spiegel (in German). Retrieved 15 November 2020.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  32. ^ "Slowenien: Marschall Twito und die Presse". Deutsche Welle.
  33. ^ "Even as a loser, Trump stirs unrest in Europe". POLITICO. 9 November 2020. Retrieved 15 November 2020.
  34. ^ Peel, Michael (13 November 2020). "Europe's Biden-deniers suggest Trump's political legacy can live on". Financial Times. Retrieved 16 November 2020.
  35. ^ "Slovenian survivor targets victory à la Orbán – POLITICO". June 2018.
  36. ^ Janez Janša, Okopi (Ljubljana: Mladinska knjiga, 1994)
  37. ^ "Nosili so rdeče zvezde". Mladina.si. Retrieved 15 November 2020.
  38. ^ "NEKATERI SO ŠE ZMERAJ V ILEGALI". Dnevnik. Retrieved 15 November 2020.
  39. ^ a b c d "Življenjepis". www.nekdanji-pv.gov.si. Retrieved 16 November 2020.
  40. ^ a b "Jabolko in politika". Jabolko.org. Archived from the original on 26 April 2012. Retrieved 7 January 2012.
  41. ^ "Slovenska pomlad – Osebe". Slovenskapomlad.si. 27 July 1988. Archived from the original on 11 September 2012. Retrieved 23 October 2011.
  42. ^ Vlasta Jalušič and Lev Kreft, eds., Vojna in mir: refleksije dvajsetih let (Ljubljana: Mirovni inštitut, 2009)
  43. ^ Božo Repe and Jože Prinčič, Pred časom: portret Staneta Kavčiča (Ljubljana: Modrijan 2009), 48–49
  44. ^ a b Božo Repe and Jože Prinčič, Pred časom: portret Staneta Kavčiča (Ljubljana: Modrijan 2009), 49
  45. ^ a b "Slovenska pomlad – Dogodki". Slovenskapomlad.si. Archived from the original on 3 October 2011. Retrieved 23 October 2011.
  46. ^ "Slovenska pomlad - Osebe". Archived from the original on 11 September 2012. Retrieved 23 October 2011.
  47. ^ "Janša aretiran na današnji dan pred 30 leti". www.24ur.com. Retrieved 15 November 2020.
  48. ^ a b c "Pred natanko 30 leti se je z aretacijo Janše začela afera JBTZ". RTVSLO.si (in Slovenian). Retrieved 16 November 2020.
  49. ^ "Pred 24 leti se je pričela afera JBTZ". Mladina.si. Retrieved 16 November 2020.
  50. ^ "Janša se je (začasno) vrnil na Dob". Dnevnik. Retrieved 16 November 2020.
  51. ^ "Čas, ko sta se osramotili slovenska in jugoslovanska oblast". siol.net (in Slovenian). Retrieved 16 November 2020.
  52. ^ Janez Janša, Okopi (Ljubljana: Mladinska knjiga, 1995).
  53. ^ "The Death Of Yugoslavia 1/6 Enter Nationalism - BBC Documentary". YouTube. Event occurs at 35:10.
  54. ^ "Dnevnik – Intervju". Mladina.si. 27 July 2006. Retrieved 23 October 2011.
  55. ^ "Članki – N01". Users.volja.net. Archived from the original on 14 March 2004. Retrieved 23 October 2011.
  56. ^ Slavoj Žižek, Druga smrt Josipa Broza Tita (Ljubljana: DZS, 1989).
  57. ^ "Disident, lider opozicije, premier". RTVSLO.si (in Slovenian). Retrieved 16 November 2020.
  58. ^ Tine Hribar, Slovenci kot nacija: srečanja s sodobniki (Ljubljana: Enotnost, 1995), 261
  59. ^ "Zgodovina strank". RTVSLO.si (in Slovenian). Retrieved 16 November 2020.
  60. ^ a b c Taras, Ray (May 2001). "The Radical Right in Central and Eastern Europe since 1989 . Sabrina P. Ramet". The Journal of Politics. 63 (2): 672–673. doi:10.1086/jop.63.2.2691788. ISSN 0022-3816.
  61. ^ Johnstone, Diana, 1934- (2002). Fools' crusade : Yugoslavia, NATO, and Western delusions. New York: Monthly Review Press. ISBN 1-58367-084-X. OCLC 51259805.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  62. ^ a b "Yugoslavia and the profits of doom". EUobserver. 2 December 2011. Retrieved 1 May 2020.
  63. ^ "Ex PM Janša To Be Reelected as SDS President". www.sloveniatimes.com. Archived from the original on 21 May 2020. Retrieved 1 May 2020.
  64. ^ Refugees, United Nations High Commissioner for. "Refworld | Slovenia: Two journalists threatened for saying politicians were involved in arms trafficking". Refworld. Retrieved 1 May 2020.
  65. ^ "STA: Ex-Agent Accuses Jansa of Running Parallel Arms Trading in 1990s". english.sta.si. Retrieved 1 May 2020.
  66. ^ "STA: Alleged Arms Trade Ringleaders Deny Accusations". english.sta.si. Retrieved 1 May 2020.
  67. ^ "STA: Dve desetletji od afere Depala vas". www.sta.si. Retrieved 25 January 2019.
  68. ^ "To so najodmevnejÅ¡e afere slovenskih obveÅ¡Äevalcev". siol.net (in Slovenian). Retrieved 25 January 2019.
  69. ^ a b c "Kratka zgodovina stranke SDS". www.delo.si (in Slovenian). 4 December 2011. Retrieved 25 January 2019.
  70. ^ Taras, Ray (May 2001). "The Radical Right in Central and Eastern Europe since 1989 . Sabrina P. Ramet". The Journal of Politics. 63 (2): 672–673. doi:10.1086/jop.63.2.2691788. ISSN 0022-3816.
  71. ^ "Politični sopotniki, ki jih je Janez Janša odgnal: Ego, večji od srca". Dnevnik. Retrieved 1 May 2020.
  72. ^ Taras, Ray (May 2001). "The Radical Right in Central and Eastern Europe since 1989 . Sabrina P. Ramet". The Journal of Politics. 63 (2): 672–673. doi:10.1086/jop.63.2.2691788. ISSN 0022-3816.
  73. ^ "Desant na ministrstvo". Mladina.si. Retrieved 7 April 2019.
  74. ^ Delo.si, Dokumentacija Dela (4 December 2011). "Kratka zgodovina stranke SDS". old.delo.si (in Slovenian). Retrieved 16 November 2020.
  75. ^ "Hitre zamenjave v Cerarjevi vladi. Pada že peti minister". RTVSLO.si (in Slovenian). Retrieved 25 January 2019.
  76. ^ "Drnovšek podpira Janševo pobudo". 24ur.com. Retrieved 7 January 2012.
  77. ^ Spoemnka Hribar, Svet kot zarota (Ljubljana: Enotnost, 1996)
  78. ^ a b Hribar, Spomenka, in: Mladina, 4 July 1995, p. 17
  79. ^ a b c Rizman, Rudolf M. (1999), "Radical Right Politics in Slovenia", The radical right in Central and Eastern Europe since 1989, Penn State Press, pp. 159–162, ISBN 0271043792, retrieved 14 November 2011
  80. ^ Edo Ravnikar, Udbomafija: priročnik za razumevanje tranzicije (Ljubljana: Slon – Embea, 1995)
  81. ^ Hall, Ian; Perrault, Magali (3 April 2000), "The Re-Austrianisation of Central Europe?", Central Europe Review, 2 (13), archived from the original on 12 January 2019, retrieved 14 November 2011{{citation}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  82. ^ Frane Adam, Ambivalentnost in neznosna lahkost tranzicije in Niko Grafenauer, France Bučar et al., eds., Sproščena Slovenija – Obračun za Prihodnost (Ljubljana: Nova revija, 1999), 99–113
  83. ^ Drago Jančar, Slovenske marginalije, Niko Grafenauer, France Bučar et al., eds., Sproščena Slovenija – Obračun za Prihodnost (Ljubljana: Nova revija, 1999), 159–185
  84. ^ Rizman, Rudolf M. (2006), Uncertain path: Democratic transition and consolidation in Slovenia, Texas A&M University Press, pp. 74–75, ISBN 9781585444236, retrieved 14 November 2011
  85. ^ "Slovenian PM seeks confidence vote after opposition candidate became president", Associated Press (International Herald Tribune), 16 November 2007.
  86. ^ "A Slovenian government crisis averted" [permanent dead link‍], Courrier International, 21 November 2007.
  87. ^ "Afera Youtube: Pahor je objektivno odgovoren in bi moral še enkrat odstopiti" [YouTube Scandal: Pahor is Objectively Responsible and Should Step Down] (in Slovenian). MMC RTV Slovenia. 9 November 2011.
  88. ^ "Tapes of Govt Sessions Uploaded to Youtube". Slovenian Press Agency. 9 November 2011.
  89. ^ "www.ednevnik.si". Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 4 March 2018.
  90. ^ YLE Claims Stir Political Storm In Slovenia Archived 11 September 2008 at the Wayback Machine, YLE
  91. ^ "Slovenia Delivers Note to Finland Over TV Programme Accusations". Yle.fi. Archived from the original on 11 September 2008. Retrieved 7 January 2012.
  92. ^ Mot: The Truth about Patria Archived 3 September 2008 at the Wayback Machine
  93. ^ "Janša: Hude obtožbe brez dokazov" (in Slovenian). MMC RTV SLO. 3 September 2008. Retrieved 20 September 2008.
  94. ^ IPI Concerned at Slovenian Government's Use of Diplomatic Pressure in Response to Finnish Media's Handling of Patria Bribery Scandal
  95. ^ www.freemedia.at Archived 24 January 2009 at the Wayback Machine
  96. ^ Journalists Say Slovenia Fails Test of Leadership in European Union over Press Freedom Archived 3 December 2013 at the Wayback Machine, The European Federation of Journalists (EFJ), 11 January 2008
  97. ^ "Volitve v državni zbor 2008". www.dvk-rs.si. Retrieved 16 November 2020.
  98. ^ "Biografija predsednika Boruta Pahorja". Dnevnik. Retrieved 16 November 2020.
  99. ^ "Türk: Obžalujem neizvolitev. Zoran Janković ostaja resen kandidat" [Türk: I Regret the Non-Election. Zoran Janković Remains a Serious Candidate] (in Slovenian). MMC RTV Slovenia. 11 January 2012.
  100. ^ "Foto: Janša: Za nami stoji 600.000 volivcev" [Photo: Janša: 600,000 Voters Stand Behind Us]. 24ur.com (in Slovenian).
  101. ^ "Parliament Endorses Janša". Slovenia Times. 28 January 2012. Archived from the original on 7 November 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2012.
  102. ^ "Ministers in Slovenia's Tenth Cabinet (bio)". Slovenian Press Agency. 10 February 2012. Archived from the original on 3 December 2013. Retrieved 11 April 2012.
  103. ^ "Janša Formally Takes Over from Pahor". Slovenian Press Agency. 10 February 2012. Archived from the original on 3 December 2013. Retrieved 11 April 2012.
  104. ^ "Slovenia gets new cabinet, two months after elections". Europe Online ate=10 February 2012. Archived from the original on 6 November 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2012.
  105. ^ "President Receives New Govt, Highlights Cooperation". Slovenian Press Agency. 13 February 2012. Archived from the original on 16 July 2012.
  106. ^ Uncles from Behind the Scenes (In Slovene: "Strici iz ozadja"), Dnevnik, 10. November 2012
  107. ^ IMF calls time on austerity – but can Greece survive?, BBC News, 11 October 2012
  108. ^ A Symposium of Law Experts. Political arbitrariness has gone wild. (In Slovene: "Posvet pravnikov. Samovolja politikov presega vse meje"), Dnevnik, 18 January 2013.
  109. ^ "Vstala bo država: Protesti v Ljubljani, Mariboru, Ajdovščini, na Ptuju in v Novi Gorici". Retrieved 4 March 2018.
  110. ^ "Vseslovenska vstaja za boljše življenje". Retrieved 4 March 2018.
  111. ^ "2. vseslovenska ljudska vstaja:
    "    . Retrieved 4 March 2018.
  112. ^ "Na tretji vseslovenski vstaji 20.000 ljudi: "Čas je, da dobimo nazaj našo državo!"". Retrieved 4 March 2018.
  113. ^ a b c Official News Archived 8 March 2013 at the Wayback Machine on the Commission's website, 10 January 2013, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
  114. ^ Most powerful politicians do not know where they got the money (In Slovene: "Najmočnejša politika ne vesta odkod jima denar"), Delo, 9 January 2013
  115. ^ Žerdin, A. (2013)There is no room for an unexplained sources of money in the public servants' budgets (In Slovene: "V bilancah funkcionarjev ni prostora za gotovino neznanega izvora"), Delo
  116. ^ Virant's party responded to Janša's ultimatum with their ultimatum (In Slovene: "Virantovi na Janšev ultimat z ultimatom"), Delo, 12 January 2013
  117. ^ – Janša to Žerjav: The worst minister of the economy in the history of Slovenia has left the government, MMC RTV Slovenija, 25 February 2013
  118. ^ Section of Virant: Virantovanje resembles kurentovanje, MMC RTV Slovenija, 14 February 2013
  119. ^ Desus has left the government, Delo, 12 January 2013
  120. ^ "Znotraj DZ-ja jasna podpora, zunaj njega odzivi mešani". Retrieved 4 March 2018.
  121. ^ "10. Vlada Republike Slovenije od 10. februarja 2012 do 20. marca 2013 | GOV.SI". Portal GOV.SI.
  122. ^ "Janez Janša bo pisal in predaval". Retrieved 4 March 2018.
  123. ^ a b "Ex-Slovenian PM Jansa convicted". BBC News. 5 June 2013. Retrieved 4 March 2018.
  124. ^ Janša, Krkovič in Črnkovič krivi :: Prvi interaktivni multimedijski portal, MMC RTV Slovenija
  125. ^ "Ex-PM Janez Jansa sentenced to 2 years in prison for corruption in Patria arms deal case". Fox News. 5 June 2013. Retrieved 4 March 2018.
  126. ^ "Pličanič: Z oceno političnega dometa obsodbe Janše treba počakati do pravnomočnosti sodbe" [Pličanič: It Must be Waited with the Evaluation of the Political Importance of the Conviction of Janša Until the Ruling Becomes Binding] (in Slovenian). Siol.net. 6 June 2013.
  127. ^ a b "Odzivi: Sodba je fiasko, blamaža, zgodovinski dogodek". Retrieved 4 March 2018.
  128. ^ a b "Janez Janša: Sodba je sramota za Slovenijo, borili se bomo do konca". Retrieved 4 March 2018.
  129. ^ "Pahor: Odločitve ustanov pravne države moramo spoštovati". Retrieved 4 March 2018.
  130. ^ "KPK: Sodba v zadevi Patria ne more biti zadnja in edina". Retrieved 4 March 2018.
  131. ^ "Janša Arrives at Dob Prison (adds)". Slovene Press Agency. 20 June 2014. Archived from the original on 14 July 2014. Retrieved 21 June 2014.
  132. ^ "FAZ: V postopku proti Janši so bila kršena načela pravne države" [FAZ: The Principles of a Legal State Were Violated in the Process Against Janša]. Planet Siol.net (in Slovenian). 21 June 2014.
  133. ^ "Odzivi: Nekdanji ustavni sodniki kritični do odločitve sodišča o Janševi pritožbi" [Responses: The Former Constitutional Judges Critical to the Decision of the Court about Janša's Appeal] (in Slovenian).
  134. ^ "Ex-Slovenia PM temporarily released from prison". AP News. 12 December 2014.
  135. ^ https://dvk-rs.si/arhivi/dz2018/#/prva [bare URL]
  136. ^ Novak, Marja (13 March 2020). "Slovenian parliament confirms center-right cabinet of PM Jansa". Reuters.
  137. ^ "Slovenia's new government sworn in, pledges to fight virus". Associated Press. 13 March 2020.
  138. ^ "Slovenian PM congratulates Donald Trump despite no election result". euronews. 4 November 2020. Retrieved 8 November 2020.
  139. ^ "Many world leaders express hope, relief after Biden win". AP NEWS. 7 November 2020. Retrieved 8 November 2020.
  140. ^ "The Latest: Taliban leader reported in Kabul for talks". The Associated Press.
  141. ^ "Prime Ministers of Poland, the Czech Republic and Slovenia met in Kyiv with the Prime Minister and President of Ukraine - The Chancellery of the Prime Minister - Gov.pl website". The Chancellery of the Prime Minister. Retrieved 28 March 2023.
  142. ^ "Vsak dan prvi - 24ur.com". www.24ur.com. Retrieved 13 May 2022.
  143. ^ Latal, Srecko (21 April 2021). "Disputed Non-Paper is Stirring Dangerous Dreams in the Balkans". Balkan Insight. Retrieved 22 April 2021.
  144. ^ "Vučić says he never saw alleged non-paper on redrawing Western Balkan borders". www.euractiv.com. 19 April 2021. Retrieved 22 April 2021.
  145. ^ "Slovenia Raises Uncomfortable Questions With Talk Of Bosnia's 'Dissolution'". RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty. Retrieved 22 April 2021.
  146. ^ "Unofficial EU note on redrawing Balkan borders causes angst in Bosnia". Reuters. 16 April 2021. Retrieved 22 April 2021.
  147. ^ "Balkan Blast 4/16/2021: Slovenia's non-paper bombshell shocks the Western Balkans. Vučić meets QUINT, EU representatives. Rama's offer for grand coalition shut down". Balkan Insider. 16 April 2021. Archived from the original on 24 June 2022. Retrieved 22 April 2021.
  148. ^ "Balkans rocked as leaked memo explores redrawing Bosnia's borders". euronews. 19 April 2021. Retrieved 22 April 2021.
  149. ^ R.D. (16 April 2021). "Lavrov o "non paperu": To su opasne igre, Brisel drugačije reaguje kad je Rusija u pitanju" (in Bosnian). Klix.ba. Retrieved 16 April 2021.
  150. ^ "Borrell: Nisam primio non paper o BiH, ali sam čuo za njega" (in Bosnian). Klix.ba. 26 April 2021. Retrieved 26 April 2021.
  151. ^ "Džaferović pisao Charlesu Michelu: U startu prekinuti priče o prekrajanju granica BiH" (in Bosnian). Klix.ba. 16 April 2021. Retrieved 16 April 2021.
  152. ^ R.D. (16 April 2021). "Janša nazvao Džaferovića: Ne postoji "non paper" o prekrajanju granica, podržavam integritet BiH" (in Bosnian). Klix.ba. Retrieved 16 April 2021.
  153. ^ "Fran/SSKJ²". Fran. Archived from the original on 15 November 2020. Retrieved 30 December 2021.
  154. ^ Čaks, Rok (16 November 2019). "Zasejali smo gorčično zrno, ki je zdaj pokukalo na plano …". Archived from the original on 7 April 2020. Retrieved 20 October 2022. Domovina.je, ki bi v slovensko medijsko krajino prinesel nov, svež, a še vedno vrednotno konservativno obarvan pogled na svet okrog nas
  155. ^ "Odmeve naj bi po novem vodil tudi nekdanji novinar Nova24". N1. 17 August 2022. Retrieved 20 October 2022. Trenutno dela za konservativni medij Domovina
  156. ^ "Zasejali smo gorčično zrno, ki je zdaj pokukalo na plano …". Iskreni.net. Archived from the original on 7 April 2020. Retrieved 7 April 2020.
  157. ^ ""Ne politiki janšizma!": Protest v Ljubljani skozi objektiv Večerovega fotografa Roberta Balena". www.vecer.com (in Slovenian). 12 June 2020. Retrieved 20 November 2020.
  158. ^ a b "Zaradi napisa "Smrt janšizmu" policija vodi postopek proti osmim osebam". siol.net (in Slovenian). Retrieved 20 November 2020.
  159. ^ "Tožilstvo: nošenje parole "Smrt janšizmu" ni kaznivo dejanje". Necenzurirano.si (in Slovenian). Retrieved 20 November 2020.
  160. ^ "Janša v protestih vidi organizirano grožnjo s smrtjo". www.delo.si (in Slovenian). Retrieved 20 November 2020.
  161. ^ "Svet24.si - Gre za "nedopusten in političen pritisk" premierja Janše na generalnega državnega tožilca". Svet24.si - Vsa resnica na enem mestu (in Slovenian). Retrieved 20 November 2020.
  162. ^ "Janša re-elected as president of SDS :: Prvi interaktivni multimedijski portal, MMC RTV Slovenija". www.rtvslo.si. Retrieved 4 June 2018.
  163. ^ "Slovenian Democratic Party (SDS) | The Democratic Society". www.demsoc.org. 19 May 2014. Archived from the original on 12 June 2018. Retrieved 4 June 2018.
  164. ^ "STA: Delo sees SDS trapped by Janša cult and past". english.sta.si. Retrieved 4 June 2018.
  165. ^ "Ivo Hvalica: Janšo so opevali kot Mao Cetunga". Dnevnik. Retrieved 2 October 2019.
  166. ^ "Tough Driver for a Rocky Road". www.sloveniatimes.com (in Slovenian). Archived from the original on 1 July 2018. Retrieved 4 June 2018.
  167. ^ "Andrej Čuš zapušča SDS in pravi: Nisem ne Janševa ne Kučanova lutka (video)" (in Slovenian). Retrieved 5 June 2018.
  168. ^ "Čuš: Ni se mi zdelo prav, da grem v državni zbor in se počutim, kot da smo v letu 1990". www.24ur.com (in Slovenian). Retrieved 5 June 2018.
  169. ^ Uredništvo (5 March 2016). "Besede, s katerimi SDS zapuščajo njeni ugledni člani | Domovina". www.domovina.je (in Slovenian). Retrieved 5 June 2018.
  170. ^ "Janšo spet zapuščajo poslanci". Svet24.si (in Slovenian). Retrieved 5 June 2018.
  171. ^ "Nekdanji poslanec SDS: Janša ni demokrat, temveč avtokrat, ki vse odločitve sprejema sam". Mladina.si. Retrieved 1 April 2019.
  172. ^ a b "VIDEO: Vera Ban kritično o Janši: Saj vendarle samo en človek ne more vsega vedeti, vsega znati, vsega čutiti". www.24ur.com. Retrieved 2 October 2019.
  173. ^ "Dragutin Mate izstopil iz SDS: 'Notranja demokracija je začela pešati'". www.24ur.com. Retrieved 2 October 2019.
  174. ^ a b c d Higgins, Andrew (16 June 2021). "Wielding Twitter, Europe's 'Marshal Twito' Takes Aim at the Media". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 24 June 2021.
  175. ^ "POLITICO Brussels Playbook: Marshal Tweeto writes a letter — Original takes — Parliament ends lockdown". POLITICO. 18 November 2020. Retrieved 15 January 2021.
  176. ^ "Janez Jansa, Slovenia's Paranoid Marshal Tweeto". Balkan Insight. 11 November 2020. Retrieved 16 November 2020.
  177. ^ "Izbruhi in zablode maršala Twita". Dnevnik. Retrieved 16 November 2020.
  178. ^ "Maršal Twito". Mladina.si. Retrieved 16 November 2020.
  179. ^ "Twitter z opozorilom označil tudi Janšev tvit". Mladina.si. Retrieved 16 November 2020.
  180. ^ "Maršal Twito noče skočiti z republikanskega Titanika". Dnevnik. Retrieved 16 November 2020.
  181. ^ "Slovenian strongman back at EU top table". POLITICO. 12 March 2020. Retrieved 15 January 2021.
  182. ^ a b c "Po Orbanovih stopinjah: Janša v sporu z evropskimi politiki". www.24ur.com (in Slovenian). Retrieved 15 January 2021.
  183. ^ "Slovenia's PM Janša channels Orbán with attacks on media and migrants". the Guardian. 4 May 2020. Retrieved 15 January 2021.
  184. ^ Savic, Domen. "Slovenia's Prime Minister Is a Far-Right Conspiracy Theorist and Twitter Addict Who Won't Admit Trump Lost". Foreign Policy. Retrieved 16 November 2020.
  185. ^ "Odblokada sledilcev: Je novi predsednik vlade Janez Janša spremenil politiko na Twitterju?". www.vecer.com (in Slovenian). 17 March 2020. Retrieved 16 November 2020.
  186. ^ "STA: Supreme Court reverses defamation ruling against Janša". english.sta.si. Retrieved 16 November 2020.
  187. ^ a b "Vsak dan prvi - 24ur.com". www.24ur.com. Retrieved 16 November 2020.
  188. ^ "Svet24.si - Koliko jih v resnici sledi Janezu Janši?". Svet24.si - Vsa resnica na enem mestu (in Slovenian). Retrieved 16 November 2020.
  189. ^ ""Join me on Parler Social Media!" - Twitter".
  190. ^ "First Congress of Homeland League, Slovenia's New Far-Right Party". www.total-slovenia-news.com. Retrieved 16 November 2020.
  191. ^ "Bernard Brščič: Lucija Šikovec Ušaj je skušala izvesti uboj moje osebnosti in stranke". Mladina.si. Retrieved 16 November 2020.
  192. ^ "Brščič o Ušajevi: "Okoli vratu sem si obesil kamen"". zurnal24.si (in Slovenian). Retrieved 16 November 2020.
  193. ^ "Razkol v stranki DOM: letijo očitki o seksizmu, skrivalnicah in prevarah". www.24ur.com (in Slovenian). Retrieved 16 November 2020.
  194. ^ "Janša nad Šikovec Ušajevo: Želela je garancijo, da bo na listi za evropske volitve #video". siol.net (in Slovenian). Retrieved 16 November 2020.
  195. ^ Bogomir Štefanič Jr. (2009). [1]Totalitarna kultura smrti in zgodba družine Janša. Družina. 25 March 2009. Accessed: 1 April 2012. (Archived by WebCite® at )
  196. ^ "Janša prepisal govor od Blaira" [Janša Copied His Speech from Blair]. Delo.si (in Slovenian and English). 21 June 2008.
  197. ^ a b "Curriculum Vitae". Office of the Prime Minister. Archived from the original on 20 November 2008. Retrieved 20 September 2008.
  198. ^ "Janša poročen s Silvio" (in Slovenian). Vest.si. 27 October 2007. Archived from the original on 5 October 2008. Retrieved 20 September 2008.
  199. ^ "Janez in Urška sta uradno zaročena" (in Slovenian). MMC RTV SLO. 9 January 2008. Retrieved 20 September 2008.
  200. ^ "Rodil se je Črtomir Janša". Slovenskenovice.si. Archived from the original on 14 September 2012. Retrieved 23 October 2011.
  201. ^ "Janša ima sina Jakoba" [Janša Has the Son Jakob] (in Slovenian). Slovenskenovice.si. 13 August 2008.
  202. ^ White Panther—WorldCat. WorldCat. OCLC 1035834492. Retrieved 1 February 2021.
  203. ^ "Janez Janša twitter book release". Twitter. Retrieved 1 February 2021.

Further reading

edit
  • Pajnik, Mojca; Kuhar, Roman; Šori, Iztok (2016). "Populism in the Slovenian Context: Between Ethno-Nationalism and Re-Traditionalisation". The Rise of the Far Right in Europe: Populist Shifts and 'Othering'. Palgrave Macmillan UK. pp. 137–160. ISBN 978-1-137-55679-0.
edit
 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Janez Janša.
 
Wikiquote has quotations related to Janez Janša.
Political offices
New office Minister of Defence
1990–1994 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Minister of Defence
2000 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Prime Minister of Slovenia
2004–2008 		Succeeded by
Preceded by President of the European Council
2008 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Prime Minister of Slovenia
2012–2013 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Minister of Finance
2013 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Prime Minister of Slovenia
2020–2022 		Succeeded by
Party political offices
Preceded by President of the Democratic Party
1993–present 		Incumbent
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Janez_Janša&oldid=1256468053"