Wikipedia

Japanese cemeteries and cenotaphs

Many Japanese cemeteries (日本人墓地, Nihonjin bochi) and cenotaphs are located outside of Japan for Japanese people who have died in war or other historical events. This article lists graves, tombs and burial places.

History

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The oldest known Japantown featuring a Japanese cemetery is in Ayutthaya, Thailand, which was established between the 14th and 18th centuries. The oldest known Japanese national recorded by name and buried outside Japan is the early explorer Yamada Nagamasa.

Wars, particularly World War II, have accounted for a majority of the Japanese burial sites located outside of Japan. There is a cemetery for the Imperial Japanese Navy in Malta, multiple sites for POWs in Siberia, and many Pacific War sites, which include Japanese cemeteries, cenotaphs, and remains in the Nanpō Islands, the Philippines, New Guinea, and other Pacific Islands. There have been multiple efforts by veteran organizations and the Japanese government to return remains to living relatives. The Japanese government's "Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare" conducted a public project to search and collect the remains of war dead to bring the remains back to Japan.[1]

Monuments to victims of the United States' internment of citizens of Japanese ancestry are prevalent in the Western United States.

Location and names of cemeteries, cenotaphs, and tombs

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Asia

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Afghanistan

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Bangladesh

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Bhutan

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Cambodia

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China

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India

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  • Imphal: Cenotaph for Japanese war casualties in the Battle of Imphal (Japanese: インパール作戦戦没者勇士の碑, Hepburn: Inpaaru sakusen senbotsusha yuushi no hi))
  • Worli, Mumbai: Mumbai Japanese cemetery; 3000 Japanese lived in the Mumbai area to procure cotton in the early Shōwa period. Most of the remains and property of the deceased were brought back to Japan, and the remains of only 30 people remain in Mumbai as of 2008.[citation needed]

Indonesia

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Kazakhstan

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  • Karaganda: Burial cenotaph in honor of POWs (Heiwa chinkon Nihonjin maisouhi (平和鎮魂 日本人埋葬碑))

Laos

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  • Vientiane Province, Nam Ngum Dam: The grave site of several Japanese engineers surveying possible dam locations who died in December 1960 when their boat overturned. The burial site is in close proximity to the dam.[8]

Malaysia

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Peninsular Malaysia

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East Malaysia

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  • Kota Kinabalu Japanese cemetery[9]
  • Kuching Japanese cemetery[9]
  • Labuan, Borneo, Labuan Peace Park: Monument for war casualties in the Borneo war (ボルネオ戦没者の碑, Boruneo senbotsusha no hi) for the 12,000 men who died during the war in Borneo and the surrounding ocean area. Constructed by the Japanese government with the cooperation of government of Malaysia and the government of Sabah in September 1982.[10]
  • Miri Japanese cemetery (in Tun Datu Tuanku Haji Bujang College)[9]
  • Sandakan Japanese cemetery[9]
  • Tawau Japanese cemetery[9]

Mongolia

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To resolve the lack of labor, the Mongolian government requested to transfer POWs in October and December 1945, and approximately 12,318 Japanese prisoners were forced to work, from which more than 1,600 have died.[11] There are 16 Japanese cemeteries including those listed below.

  • Altanbulag Selenge Province Japanese cemetery
  • Sükhbaatar Japanese cemetery
  • Ulaanbaatar, Cenotaph of Japanese at Danbadalja (ダンバダルジャー日本人慰霊碑, Danbadarujya Nihonjin ireihi) and Cenotaph of Japanese (日本人死亡者慰霊碑, Nihonjin shibousha ireihi), for approximately 1,700 POWs who died after the war ended. They were constructed by the Japanese government in October 2001.)[12]
  • Bojiruburan (ホジルブラン) Japanese cemetery[11]
  • Nanaiha (ナライハ) burial (12 Japanese)[11]

Myanmar

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  • Yangon Japanese cemetery: For Karayuki-san and Pacific War casualties. Monument of Peace, Burma (ビルマ平和記念碑, Biruma heiwa kinen hi), a peace memorial to the approximately 190,000 Japanese who died during war. It was constructed by the Japanese government in March 1981 before being moved and expanded in size by the Myanmar government in March 1998.)

Nepal

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North Korea

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Cemetery and burial place of Japanese who lived in the South Korea area before and after World War II. There are 71 cemeteries and burial places in North Korea.[13]

  • Suburb of Pyongyang: Yongsan cemetery (龍山墓地); 2,421 people evacuated to Pyongyang after the end of World War II, August 15, 1945, and died in the period of October 1945 to April 1946 due to cold temperatures and/or illness.[14]
  • Hamhung: Cemetery and burial place.[15]

Philippines

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One of the bloodiest battlefields of the Pacific War; there are many cenotaphs.[16]

  • Luzon: Approximately 270 cenotaphs in various locations.
Kalayaan – Cenotaph of those who died in the Philippine war (比島戦没者の碑, fuiripin senbutsusha no hi), to commemorate approximately 518,000 Japanese war dead in the Battle of Luzon. Constructed by the Japanese government in March 1973.[17]

Russia (Asia region)

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Singapore

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South Korea

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Sri Lanka

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Taiwan

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Tajikistan

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Thailand

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Uzbekistan

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There are thirteen Japanese cemeteries in Uzbekistan. [26] [27]

Vietnam

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Africa

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Madagascar

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Oceania

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Australia

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Guam

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  • South Pacific Memorial Park, cenotaph of South Pacific war dead and ossuary built in May 1970.[29]

Midway Atoll

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New Zealand

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Northern Mariana Islands

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  • Banzai Cliff, North end of Saipan: Cenotaph for war casualties in the central Pacific Ocean (中部太平洋戦没者の碑, Chubu taiheiyou senbotsusha no hi) for 43,000 Japanese killed in action and 12,000 citizens killed in the war regardless of nationality including Japanese migrants to the Saipan, Tinian, Guam islands until the end of the war in 1945. It was constructed by the Japanese government with the cooperation of the Northern Mariana Islands government in March 1974.

Papua New Guinea

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  • Wewak: Cenotaph for war casualties in the New Guinea campaign (ニューギニア戦没者の碑, Nyuginia senbotsusya no hi), It commemorates 130,000 Japanese killed in action and 50,000 residents killed in the war. It was constructed by the Japanese government with the cooperation of Papua New Guinea in September 1980.[31]
  • Rabaul, New Britain, Bismarck Archipelago: Cenotaph of Japanese killed in action in South Pacific Ocean (南太平洋戦没者の碑, Minami taiheiyo senbotsusha no hi), 200,000 killed in action at the Battle of Rabaul. It was constructed by the Japanese government and the Comrades Association in Arms (戦友会, Senyukai) in September 1980.[31]

Marshall Islands

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New Caledonia

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Palau

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  • Peleliu: Cenotaph for war casualties in the West Pacific during the war (西太平洋戦没者の碑, Nishi taiheiyou senbutusya no hi), built in March 1985.[37]

Saipan

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  • Banzai Cliff: Cenotaph for war casualties in the Central Pacific (中部太平洋戦没者の碑, Cyubu taiheiyou senbutusya no hi), built in March 1974.[38]

Solomon

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  • Guadalcanal: Solomon Peace Commemorative Park, Cenotaph for war casualties in the Solomon Islands (ソロモン諸島方面戦没者慰霊碑, Soromon houmen senbutsusha ireihi) built in 1998.[39]

North America

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Canada

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Dominican Republic

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United States

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South America

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Bolivia

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Brazil

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Peru

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Europe

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Malta

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Russia (Europe region)

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United Kingdom

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See also

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References

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  1. ^ Web site in Japanese; conduct the public project
    Web site in Japanese;”Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare” conduct the public project at the Wayback Machine (archived 2024-05-22)
  2. ^ Peshawar-kai, Japanese web site ペシャワール会について→現地活動の紹介→灌漑事業2020年→1月 ガンベリ公園にドクターサーブナカムラ記念塔を建設 Archived 2019-07-05 at the Wayback Machine
    "ペシャワール会について→現地活動の紹介→灌漑事業2020年→1月 ガンベリ公園にドクターサーブナカムラ記念塔を建設". Archived from the original on 2023-02-08. Retrieved 2017-02-02.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  3. ^ Search and collect the remains of war dead project is carried out by (in Japanese) site Japan Association for Recovery and Repatriation of War Casualties (ja: 日本戦没者遺骨収集推進協会) commissioned by Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare
    (in Japanese) NHK News Web; 2024年バングラデシュから初めて遺骨収集
    (in Japanese) NHK News Web; NHK News Web; 2024年バングラデシュから初めて遺骨収集 at the Wayback Machine (archived 2024-09-09)
  4. ^ Atsu Elementary and junior high school, Travel guide
    Atsu Elementary and junior high school at the Wayback Machine (archived 2018-01-14)
  5. ^ 香港日本人墓地慰霊祭 [Hong Kong Japanese cemetery memorial service] (in Japanese). 2008-03-16. Archived from the original on 2014-12-19. Retrieved 2016-08-26.:
  6. ^ 中国に残る日本人の遺骨 ｢キャッチ! 世界の視点｣ 2018年8月25日NHK BS1 放送
  7. ^ Japanese blog site, back side monumental inscription is ‘’県級重点文物保護単位　滇西抗日戦争松山戦役主戦場遺址之一’’, ホーム > 海外 >アジア >中国 >雲南省 > 雲南省 旅行記 >詳細, 雲南省旅行記（ブログ） 一覧に戻る, 2007/05/06 - 2007/05/15, visit battle site in Yunnan (雲南省の戦跡を訪ねて、2007 May 9 No. 2)
    ja: 滇西抗日戦争松山戦役 主戦場遺址之一 at the Wayback Machine (archived 2018-09-02)
  8. ^ ラオス発展貢献の知られざる日本人 [Not widely known Japanese contributed to Laos development] (in Japanese). 2014-03-24. Archived from the original on 2014-03-27. Retrieved 2016-06-06.:
  9. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "マレーシア日本人墓地を訪ねて" [Visit a Japanese cemetery in Malaysia]. www.eva.hi-ho.ne.jp (in Japanese). Archived from the original on 2015-09-24. Retrieved 2019-09-06.:
  10. ^ 慰霊碑を訪ねる [Visiting cenotaph] (in Japanese). Archived from the original on 2005-04-24. Retrieved 2016-06-06.:
  11. ^ a b c モンゴル慰霊団参紀行記 [memorial journey in Mongolia] (in Japanese). Archived from the original on 2023-02-08. Retrieved 2016-06-06.:
  12. ^ 日本人死亡者慰霊碑 (モンゴル) / 3 地域
    Website of “Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare”: Cenotaph of Japanese war dead in Mongolia (ja:日本人死亡者慰霊碑（モンゴル）/ 3 地域) at the Wayback Machine (archived 2007-05-06)
  13. ^ 平壌郊外の日本人墓地、遺族が初の墓参り [Bereaved family first visit to Suburb of Pyongyang Japanese cemetery] (in Japanese). 2012-10-01. Archived from the original on 2012-10-02. Retrieved 2016-06-06.:
  14. ^ "List of Japanese war dead buried in Ryuzan cemetery, Pyongyang (ja:平壌市龍山墓地日本人埋葬者名簿)". Archived from the original on 2014-02-27. Retrieved 2017-02-02.
  15. ^ ""North Korea, Grave Travelogue" Hamhung, the city where many Japan people were interned and died is now (ja:"北朝鮮・墓参紀行"咸興、多くの日本人が収容され、死亡した街はいま)". 23 September 2014. Archived from the original on 2014-09-23. Retrieved 2024-08-16.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  16. ^ Philippines WAR MEMORIAL PRESERVATION ASSOCIATION, INC.(ja:NGOフィリピン戦没者慰霊碑保存協会)
    Philippines WAR MEMORIAL PRESERVATION ASSOCIATION, INC.(ja:NGOフィリピン戦没者慰霊碑保存協会) at the Wayback Machine (archived 2009-02-14)
  17. ^ Cenotaph for Japanese war dead at Philippines islands (ja:比島戦没者の碑) Location: Caliraya Laguna province Luzon Philippines (ja: 建立地：フィリピン共和国ラグナ州カリラヤ)
    Cenotaph for Japanese war dead in the Philippines islands (ja:比島戦没者の碑) Location: Caliraya Laguna province Luzon Philippines (ja: 建立地：フィリピン共和国ラグナ州カリラヤ) Cenotaph for Japanese war dead at Philippines islands (ja:比島戦没者の碑) at the Wayback Machine (archived 2007-05-06)
  18. ^ a b c 在ウラジオストク日本領事館、４．我が国との関係､(10)日本人墓地 [Consulate-General of Japan in Vladivostok, 4. Relation to Japan (10)Japanese cemetery Japanese] (in Japanese). Archived from the original on 2012-12-11. Retrieved 2016-06-06.:In Japanese:
  19. ^ Yomiuri Shimbun 2016-01-10 Ver. 13S Page 37
  20. ^ a b c d Home page of, activities by, Japan War-Bereaved Families Association
  21. ^ Yomiuri Shimbun 2015-04-24 Ver. 13S Page 7
  22. ^ Built by History of Japanese Solidarity Association in Sri Lanka (スリランカ日本人会-沿革史)
    Built by History of Japanese Solidarity Association in Sri Lanka (ja: スリランカ日本人会-沿革史) at the Wayback Machine (archived 2021-06-16)
  23. ^ Japanese cemetery (ja: 日本人墓地 & 大日本帝国海軍戦死者慰霊碑)
    Reference three photos of Japanese cemetery & Cenotaph for war dead of Imperial Japanese Navy (ja: 日本墓地 & 日本帝国海軍戦死者慰霊碑) at the Wayback Machine (archived 2017-06-21)
  24. ^ Yomiuri Shimbun 2015-Aug.-3 ver. 13S page 4
  25. ^ Shinzō Abe floral tribute on 2015-10-24, Yomiuri Shimbun Page 4, 13S edition 2015-10-25
  26. ^ a b タシケントに眠る日本人抑留者 [Japanese prisoners of war buried in Tashkent] (in Japanese). Archived from the original on 2012-03-15. Retrieved 2016-06-06.:
  27. ^ a b 在ウズベキスタン日本国大使館 [Japanese Embassy in Uzbekistan] (in Japanese). 2016-01-01. Archived from the original on 2012-06-04. Retrieved 2016-06-06.:
  28. ^ "安倍内閣総理大臣による豪州ダーウィンにおける伊号第124潜水艦慰霊碑訪問 2-19-11-17" (in Japanese). Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Japan). Archived from the original on 2018-11-17. Retrieved 2019-05-19. Prime Minister of Japan Shinzō Abe visit cenotaph of I-121-class submarine at Darwin, Northern Territory on 2018 Nov. 17:
  29. ^ 南太平洋戦没者慰霊協会. South Pacific Memorial Association, Inc. Archived from the original on 2010-09-09. Retrieved 2017-02-02.:
  30. ^ Denoted Japanese Markers in Goole Maps as right side Tomb Archived 2023-04-27 at the Wayback Machine ref. on 20230427
  31. ^ a b c 戦没者慰霊事業：ニューギニア戦没者の碑 [Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare, implementation of commemorative project for war dead] (in Japanese). 2016-01-01. Archived from the original on 2024-05-22. Retrieved 2016-06-06.:In Japanese; Page titled; “War dead memorial activities”, page lower half side; “Situation of construction for war dead cenotaphs” in South Pacific Ocean & New Guinea (ja: 南太平洋戦没者の碑 & ニューギニア戦没者の碑) “ (ja: 戦没者慰霊碑建立状況, ニューギニア戦没者の碑 -
  32. ^ 東太平洋戦没者の碑. Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare. Archived from the original on 2007-05-07. Retrieved 2017-02-02. ホーム > 政策について > 分野別の政策一覧 > 他分野の取り組み > 戦没者遺族等への援護 > 戦没者慰霊事業の実施 > 戦没者慰霊事業：東太平洋戦没者の碑:
  33. ^ A member of Japan Overseas Cooperation Volunteers found the stone in front of a house in 2016, but it is the stele, then placed near by Japanese War Remains and Bones Search Group (日本國戦死者遺体収容団: Japanese NPO) in 2018. Reference photo copy: 2020, July 2, Japanese Nagasaki News Paper (ja:長崎新聞) page 17, in Japanese article titled 石碑がつなぐ南の島の歴史 (lit.: stele connecting histories in island of southern Pacific Ocean)
    A member of Japan Overseas Cooperation Volunteers found the stone in front of a house in 2016, but it is the stele, then placed near by Japanese War Remains and Bones Search Group (ja:日本國戦死者遺体収容団: "Japanese NPO") in 2018. Reference photo copy: 2020, July 2, Japanese Japanese Nagasaki News Paper (ja:長崎新聞) page 17.
    Article in Japanese titled; History of southern island by Cenotaphs (ja:石碑がつなぐ南の島の歴史) at the Wayback Machine (archived 2021-01-28)
  34. ^ Kyodo News, (共同通信社, Kyōdō Tsūshinsha) (2020-08-17). "南洋の島の慰霊碑、民家の踏み石に" [Photo of Cenotaph in island in southern Pacific Ocean, Step stone at entrance of house] (in Japanese). Tokyo. Archived from the original on 2021-08-09. Retrieved 2022-08-16.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link):
  35. ^ ニューカレドニア日本人移民120周年 [120 anniversary of Japanese Immigrants to New Caledonia] (in Japanese). 2012-08-05. Archived from the original on 2013-03-12. Retrieved 2017-01-18.:
  36. ^ ニューカレドニア日本人墓地へ Dated: 2016.06.03 Fri
    "ニューカレドニア日本人墓地へ Dated: 2016.06.03 Fri". Archived from the original on 2023-02-08. Retrieved 2024-08-20.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  37. ^ 西太平洋戦没者の碑. Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare. Archived from the original on 2007-05-07. Retrieved 2017-02-02. ホーム > 政策について > 分野別の政策一覧 > 他分野の取り組み > 戦没者遺族等への援護 > 戦没者慰霊事業の実施 > 戦没者慰霊事業：西太平洋戦没者の碑:
  38. ^ 戦没者慰霊事業：中部太平洋戦没者の碑. Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare. Archived from the original on 2007-05-07. Retrieved 2024-08-20. ホーム > 政策について > 分野別の政策一覧 > 他分野の取り組み > 戦没者遺族等への援護 > 戦没者慰霊事業の実施:
  39. ^ ”Archive only due to Norton 360 warned": "Cenotaph for war casualties in the Solomon Islands (ja:ガダルカナル島に慰霊碑を建立; ソロモン諸島方面 戦没者慰霊碑 "ソロモン諸島方面戦没者慰霊碑" (揮毫：小泉純一郎; 厚生大臣、除幕式1998年(平成10年8月))". Archived from the original on 2015-10-15. Retrieved 2024-08-20.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) Cenotaph titled with calligraphy by Japanese ink brush, by Junichiro Koizumi, then engraving.
  40. ^ Archive only due to seems not healthy website :"Matters Historical: A bit of old Japan in a Colma cemetery". 6 December 2017. Archived from the original on 2018-03-01. Retrieved 2021-10-10.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  41. ^ "Cenotaph Honoring Hirano Maru Sailors Established by UK Volunteer Group". Nippon Yusen. Archived from the original on 2022-05-27. Retrieved 2019-05-19.:
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