| Institution | Major | Minor | Other | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Al-Farabi University | 72 | 46 | 10 | 128 |
| Kazakh University of International Relations | 35 | 133 | 85 | 253 |
| Kazakh Academy of Labour and Social Relations | 13 | 10 | 0 | 23 |
| Kazakh National Pedagogical University | 0 | 149 | 19 | 168 |
| Eurasian National University | 0 | 0 | 163 | 163 |
| Kazakh Economics University | 0 | 0 | 20 | 20 |
| KIMEP | 0 | 0 | 25 | 25 |
| Total | 120 | 338 | 322 | 780 |
Japanese language education in Kazakhstan dates back to 1992; the Japan Foundation's 2006 survey showed 51 teachers teaching the language to 1,569 students at thirteen institutions in Kazakhstan; the number of students increased by 38% as compared to the 2003 survey and more than triple the number in the 1998 survey.[2][3] As of 2021, according to the Japan Foundation, 611 people were learning Japanese in Kazakhstan.[4][5][6]
History
editJapanese language education in Kazakhstan formally began with the 1992 establishment of a Japanese language course at Almaty's Al-Farabi University; Kazakh National Technical University, Kazakh University of International Relations, Kazakh National Pedagogical University, Almaty Management University, and two other universities in Kazakhstan soon followed. Courses at the elementary and secondary levels were established several years later; two schools began offering Japanese classes in 1996, followed by another three in 1998 and an additional four schools after 2000. However, by 2003, four of the primary and secondary programmes were terminated due to lack of teaching staff, while an additional two universities and one non-school institution began to offer Japanese language courses. For students in primary and secondary schools, Japanese language classes might begin as early as the fifth year of compulsory education, proceeding until the eighth or the eleventh year.[7] As of 2007, Kazakhstan had 43 teachers of Japanese, among whom eight were native speakers. Students majoring in Japanese faced problems such as low wages and lack of opportunities to use their skills in professional contexts, leading to limits on the growth of interest in the language.[1]
Much language study is funded not indigenously, but rather through a portion of the US$95 million in official development assistance provided by Japan's Ministry of Foreign Affairs, as well as additional private aid.[8] There is no unified national curriculum for Japanese studies at either the primary, secondary, or tertiary levels; rather, institutions design their own curricula, typically with the aid of, and using textbooks published by, the Japan Center, which is also funded by the Japanese government.[1]
Standardised testing
edit| Year | City | Examinees by Level | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| L1 | L2 | L3 | L4 | Total | ||
| 2006[9] | Almaty | 50 | 98 | 135 | 91 | 374 |
| 2005[10] | Almaty | 28 | 43 | 68 | 25 | 164 |
| 2004[11] | Almaty | 34 | 63 | 61 | 28 | 186 |
| 2003[12] | Almaty | 41 | 87 | 42 | 24 | 194 |
The Japanese Language Proficiency Test has been offered in Kazakhstan since 2003, solely in the former capital of Almaty. The number of examinees fell every year for the first two years after the test's introduction, but in 2006, their count more than doubled; the number of people taking the introductory 4th-level examination nearly quadrupled. However, JETRO's Business Japanese Test was not offered in Kazakhstan or any other former Soviet Union member state as of 2006[update].[13]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b c Sugiura, Chisato (2007). "カザフスタンにおける日本語教育の現状と課題 (The Current State and Issues of Japanese Language Education in Kazakhstan)" (PDF). Current Report on Japanese-language Education Around the Globe (22): 121–128. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-09-29. Retrieved 2007-08-23.
- ^ "1998年海外日本語教育機関調査結果: カザフスタン (Results of the 1998 survey of overseas Japanese language educational institutions: Kazakhstan)". The Japan Foundation. 2004. Archived from the original on 2007-06-23. Retrieved 2008-01-14.
- ^ "2003年海外日本語教育機関調査結果: カザフスタン (Results of the 2003 survey of overseas Japanese language educational institutions: Kazakhstan)". The Japan Foundation. 2004. Archived from the original on January 3, 2006. Retrieved 2008-01-14.
- ^ [1]
- ^ [2]
- ^ [3]
- ^ "2006年海外日本語教育機関調査結果: カザフスタン (Results of the 2006 survey of overseas Japanese language educational institutions: Kazakhstan)". The Japan Foundation. 2006. Archived from the original on 2007-06-23. Retrieved 2008-01-14.
- ^ Uyama, Tomohiko (2003). Robert H. Legvold (ed.). Thinking Strategically: The major Powers, Kazakhstan, and the Central Asian Nexus. The MIT Press. pp. 165–186. ISBN 0262621746.
- ^ "Japanese Language Proficiency Test 2006: Summary of the Results" (PDF). Japan Educational Exchanges and Services, The Japan Foundation. 2006. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 10, 2007. Retrieved 2007-08-22.
- ^ "Japanese Language Proficiency Test 2005: Summary of the Results" (PDF). Japan Educational Exchanges and Services, The Japan Foundation. 2005. Archived from the original (PDF) on November 2, 2006. Retrieved 2006-12-01.
- ^ "Japanese Language Proficiency Test 2003: Summary of the Results" (PDF). Japan Educational Exchanges and Services, The Japan Foundation. 2004. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2005-08-27. Retrieved 2006-12-03.
- ^ "Japanese Language Proficiency Test 2003: Summary of the Results" (PDF). Japan Educational Exchanges and Services, The Japan Foundation. 2003. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2004-09-21. Retrieved 2006-12-03.
- ^ "13th JLRT (2006): A Summary Report" (PDF). Japan External Trade Organization. 2006. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 27, 2007. Retrieved 2006-12-01.
Further reading
edit- Arakawa, Tomoyuki; Natsumi Waguri (March 2007). "カザフスタンにおける日本語初級カリキュラム -日本人材開発センターの新しい試み- (A Report on the New Curriculum of Elementary Japanese-Language Classes in the Kazakhstan Japan Center)" (PDF). Kokusai Kōryūkikin Nihongo Kyōiku Kiyo. 3: 123–134, 196. ISSN 1349-5658. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 September 2007.