Buyo Maru (Japanese:武洋丸) was a transport and hellship of the Imperial Japanese Army during World War II.
 Buyo Maru sinking
| |
| History | |
|---|---|
 Empire of Japan | |
| Name | Buyo Maru (武洋丸) |
| Owner | Kokusai Kisan Kaisha (1919-1932)[2] Tamai Shosen K.K. (1932-1941) |
| Builder | Asano Shipbuilding Company, Tsurumi |
| Yard number | 10[1] |
| Laid down | 12 July 1918 |
| Launched | 5 February 1919 |
| Completed | 19 March 1919 |
| Identification | 24999[3] |
| Notes | |
 Imperial Japanese Army | |
| Acquired | requisitioned by Imperial Japanese Army, 16 November 1941 |
| Fate | Torpedoed and sunk by USS Wahoo, 26 January 1943 |
| General characteristics | |
| Class and type | Yoshida Maru No. 1-class cargo ship |
| Tonnage | |
| Length | 121.92 m (400.0 ft)[5] |
| Beam | 16.15 m (53.0 ft)[5] |
| Draught | 9.75 m (32.0 ft)[5] |
| Propulsion | 2,800 ihp (2,100 kW)[5] |
| Speed | 12 knots (22 km/h; 14 mph)[5] |
History
editThe ship was laid down as hull number 364[2] on 12 July 1918 at the Tsurumi shipyard of Asano Shipbuilding Company[3][1] for the benefit of the Kokusai Kisan Kaisha (玉井商船株式會社).[5] She was the fourth ship of the Yoshida Maru No. 1 class of 25 standard cargo ships (referred to as Type B at the time) built by Asano Shipyard (one was built at the Uraga Dock Company) between 1918 and 1919.[6] She was launched on 5 February 1919, completed on 19 March 1919, and given the name Buyo Maru (武洋丸)[5][3] with the identification number 24999.[2] On 12 July 1932, she was sold to Tamai Shosen K.K. of Kobe and registered in Hashidate.[1][5]
On 16 November 1941, she was requisitioned by the Imperial Japanese Army.[3]
Fate
editOn 2 January 1943, she departed Singapore en route to Ambon[3] as part of a convoy including fellow Imperial Japanese Army transports Pacific Maru and the Fukurei Maru No. 2. Buyo Maru was carrying 1,126 soldiers and 269 Indian prisoners of war (POWs) from the 16th Punjab Regiment. On 26 January 1943, the convoy was spotted by the US submarine Wahoo and Buyo Maru was torpedoed and sunk at 02°00′N 139°33′E / 2.000°N 139.550°E.[3][7][8] 195 Indian POWs and 87 Japanese died.[9]
Following the sinking, the crew of USS Wahoo fired upon the survivors in the lifeboats. Vice Admiral Charles A. Lockwood later asserted that the survivors were Japanese soldiers who had turned machine-gun and rifle fire on the Wahoo after it surfaced, and that such resistance was common in submarine warfare.[10] According to the submarine's executive officer, the fire was intended to force the Japanese soldiers to abandon the lifeboats and that none of them were deliberately targeted.[11] Historian Clay Blair, however, has stated that the submarine's crew fired first and the shipwrecked survivors returned fire with handguns.[12] The survivors were later determined to have included Allied POWs of the British Indian Army's 2nd Battalion, 16th Punjab Regiment, who were guarded by Japanese Army Forces from the 26th Field Ordnance Depot.[13] Of 1,126 men originally aboard Buyo Maru, 195 Indians and 87 Japanese died, some killed during the torpedoing of the ship and some killed by the shootings afterwards.[14]
References
edit- ^ a b c Hackett, Bob; Muehlthaler, Erich; Whitman, John (2013). "IJA Transport Buyo Maru: Tabular Record of Movement". combinedfleet.com. Retrieved 28 February 2021.
- ^ a b c d Toda, Gengoro S. "1. 陸軍徴傭船 (1. Army charter ship) - 武洋丸 (#456 Buyo Maru - Ship stats)" (PDF). Imperial Japanese Navy (in Japanese).
- ^ a b c d e f g Toda, Gengoro S. "武洋丸の船歴 (Buyo Maru - Ship History)". Imperial Japanese Navy (in Japanese).
- ^ Nagasawa lists 5,409 GRT
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Nagasawa, Fumio (1998). "武洋丸 BUYO MARU (1919)". Nostalgic Japanese Steamships (in Japanese).
- ^ Nagasawa, Fumio (1998). "第一吉田丸型 YOSHIDA MARU No.1 Class 25隻 (1918-1919)". Nostalgic Japanese Steamships (in Japanese).
- ^ Cressman, Robert J. (2006) [1999]. "Chapter III: 1943". The Official Chronology of the U.S. Navy in World War II. Retrieved 19 January 2021.
- ^ Rohwer, Jürgen; Gerhard Hümmelchen. "Seekrieg 1944, Februar". Württembergische Landesbibliothek Stuttgart (in German). Retrieved 31 July 2015.
- ^ Holwitt, Joel I. (2005). Execute Against Japan (Ph.D.). Ohio State University. p. 288.; DeRose, James F. (2000). Unrestricted Warfare. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 287–288.
- ^ Lockwood, Charles (1951). Sink 'em All. Bataam Books. ISBN 978-0-553-23919-5.
- ^ O'Kane, Richard (1987). Wahoo: The Patrols of America's Most Famous WWII Submarine. Presidio Press. ISBN 978-0-89141-301-1.
- ^ Blair, Clay (2001). Silent Victory. Naval Institute Press. ISBN 978-1-55750-217-9.
- ^ Holwitt 2005, p. 288; DeRose 2000, pp. 287–288.
- ^ Holwitt 2005, p. 289; DeRose 2000, pp. 77, 94.