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Jean Isaac Chadeau de la Clocheterie

Jean Isaac Timothée Chadeau, Sieur de la Clocheterie (1741–1782) was a French naval officer of the American Revolutionary War.

Jean Isaac Timothée Chadeau
Sieur de la Clocheterie
Born(1741-02-23)23 February 1741
Rochefort sur Mer
Died12 April 1782(1782-04-12) (aged 41) at the Battle of the Saintes
Service / branchFrench navy
Years of service1754–1782
RankCaptain
CommandsBelle Poule, Triton, Jason, Hercule
Battles / warsSeven Years' War
American Revolutionary War – Battle of Cape Henry, Battle of Saint Kitts, Battle of the Saintes

Biography

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Early career

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Chadeau de la Clocheterie entered the French naval service in 1754, at the age of thirteen, as an élève de la marine. He became an ensign in 1757[1] and served in the Seven Years' War (1756–1763).[2] On 2 November 1758 he was made a prisoner of war at the capture of the Belliqueux, returning to France in April 1759.[3]

In 1768 he was stationed at Mauritius. There he met the botanist Jacques-Henri Bernardin de Saint-Pierre, who described him as "a young man, with a dashing figure, very modest, who hardly spoke and was devoted to his duties".[4]

In 1775 he was made a Knight of the Order of Saint Louis.

Belle Poule

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As Lieutenant commanding the frigate Belle Poule, La Clocheterie fought the action of 17 June 1778 against HMS Arethusa, the casus belli that precipitated the French entry into the American Revolutionary War.[5]

Despite suffering heavy casualties, Belle Poule managed to fight off and disable the British frigate within sight of a becalmed British squadron, and was then towed to safety through the coastal shallows of Brittany.[6][7]

La Clocheterie was received at Court by Louis XVI and promoted to Captain. He was given command of Triton, a 64-gun ship of the line. According to a widely circulated anecdote, the king informed him of his new commission during a game of piquet, taking him to task for his infidelity to his ship, and when de la Clocheterie expressed surprise saying "You are sure to abandon the Belle Poule to be captain of a ship with 64 guns."[8]

Not only the engagement, but also La Clocheterie's reception at court and his reward were reported in British,[9][10] French,[11][12][13] Spanish,[14] German,[15] Swiss,[16] and Dutch[17] reviews of current affairs of the year 1778.

Subsequent career

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Captain de la Clocheterie became commander of Jason in early 1780,[18] and fought at the Battle of Cape Henry and the Battle of Saint Kitts,[19] particularly distinguishing himself in the former engagement.[20][21]

He died in 1782, in the Battle of the Saintes, commanding Hercule.[22]

Citations

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  1. ^ Table ou abrégé des cent trente-cinq volumes de la Gazette de France, depuis son commencement en 1631 jusqu'à la fin de l'année 1765, vol. 2 (Paris, 1767), p. 267.
  2. ^ James M. Volo, Blue Water Patriots: The American Revolution Afloat (Greenwood, 2007), pp. 99-101.
  3. ^ A. Duplais des Touches, Les Chadeau de la Clocheterie, Bulletin de la Société des Archives Historiques de Saintonge et d’Aunis (1897), pp. 238-9.
  4. ^ Bernardin De Saint Pierre, Journey to Mauritius, translated by Jason Wilson (Oxford: Signal Books, 2002), p. 124.
  5. ^ Théodore Ortolan, Règles internationales et diplomatie de la mer, vol. 2 (Paris, 1864), p. 21.
  6. ^ Jean Cornuault, Un panorama de la marine de Louis XV à Charles X (Paris, 2008), pp. 87-91.
  7. ^ John Adolphus, History of England from the Accession to the Decease of King George the Third, vol. 3 (London, 1841), p. 5
  8. ^ Pierre-Jean-Baptiste Nougaret, Anecdotes du règne de Louis XVI, vol. 4 (Paris, 1791), pp. 135-136.
  9. ^ The Scots Magazine, vol. 40 (1778), p. 327
  10. ^ The Remembrancer; or, Impartial Repository of Public Events (1778), 231-232.
  11. ^ Journal encyclopédique ou universel, vol. 5 (1778), part 3, pp. 557-559.
  12. ^ Journal politique: ou Gazette des gazettes (July 1778), pp. 31-35.
  13. ^ Mercure de France, July 5, 1778, pp. 106-109.
  14. ^ Mercurio Histórico y Politico, May–August 1778, pp. 226-230.
  15. ^ Die neuesten Staatsbegebenheiten, vol. 4 (1778), pp. 1091-1094.
  16. ^ Nouveau journal helvétique, July 1778, 108-109.
  17. ^ De Maandelykse Nederlandische Mercurius, vol. 45, part 1 (July 1778), pp. 11-13.
  18. ^ Mercurio histórico y politico, January–April 1780, pp. 158-159.
  19. ^ Yves-Joseph de Kerguelen-Trémarec, Relation des combats et des évènements de la guerre maritime (Imprimerie de Patris, 1796), pp. 175, 233.
  20. ^ Louis-Philippe de Ségur, Mémoires ou souvenirs et anecdotes vol. 1 (Paris, 1827), p. 216.
  21. ^ Guillaume de Deux-Ponts, My Campaigns in America (Boston, 1868), p. 107.
  22. ^ Adrien Richer, Les Fastes de la marine françoise (Paris, 1787), pp. 177-185.

References

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  • Contenson, Ludovic (1934). La Société des Cincinnati de France et la guerre d'Amérique (1778-1783). Paris: éditions Auguste Picard. OCLC 7842336.
  • Lacour-Gayet, Georges (1910). La marine militaire de la France sous le règne de Louis XVI. Paris: Honoré Champion.
  • Troude, Onésime-Joachim (1867). Batailles navales de la France (in French). Vol. 2. Challamel ainé.
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