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Jean de Laforcade, Seigneur de La Fitte

Jean de Laforcade, Seigneur de La Fitte, aka Jean Laforcade, Seigneur de Lafitte,[1][2] aka Jean Lafourcade,[3][4] aka Jean II. de Forcade (before 1525 in Béarn – about December 1589 in Béarn, presumably in Pau), was a Protestant nobleman and a descendant of the noble family of Forcade of Béarn in Navarre.

He, like his ancestors and his descendants, was a member of court of the Albret family, the rulers of Lower Navarre. A soldier in early life, then a financial officer by occupation later, he was General Treasurer of the King and Queen of Navarre in their County of Armagnac (Trésorier général pour les roi et reine de Navarre en leur comté d'Armagnac),[3][4] General Treasurer of Navarre (Trésorier général de Navarre),[5] Counsellor to Antoine of Navarre on his Conseil ordinaire,[6] Counsellor to Henry III of Navarre on his Conseil privé, President of Finance (Président aux Comptes),[6][7] President of the Chambre des Comptes of Navarre in Pau[8] then First President of the Chambre des Comptes of Navarre in Pau.[9] Although he is referred to as a lawyer[3] in at least one source, this is questionable due to his apparent illiteracy.

Jean de Laforcade, Seigneur de La Fitte notarized his testament[10] at Maître Ouzannet, Notary[10][11] and Secretary[11] of the commune of Laplume on 7 September 1571.[10] Why this testament was made in September 1571, many years before his actual death about December 1589[12] is a matter of speculation, but one plausible explanation is the unrest and fighting in Auvillar in 1571-72, where he had been Captain of the Château d'Auvillar, perhaps also the Governor of the Château d'Auvillar,[10] appointed by letters patent[citation needed] from Jeanne d'Albret, Queen regnant of Navarre. A brief look at the history of Auvillar highlights the unrest and fighting in this period.

Shortly before 8 January 1590, the sieur de Laforcade died during his term in office as First President of the Chambre des Comptes of Navarre (Premier président en la Chambre).[12]

Brief History of Auvillar

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Jean de Laforcade, Seigneur de La Fitte spent much of the period of 1555-72, and perhaps longer, in Auvillar, in various roles in the treasury and as Governor of the Château d'Auvillar, a territory of the Albret family since 1527. As such, he was a central figure in the strife between Protestant and Catholics in the territory.

Marguerite of Angoulême, aka Marguerite d'Orléans, married 9 October 1509 with Charles IV, Duke of Alençon, Count of Armagnac and, in June 1515, Viscount of Auvillar. He died in 1525 without descendance and she remarried with Henry d'Albret, King of Navarre in 1527 who therewith also became Viscount of Auvillar. He was succeeded by his daughter, Jeanne d'Albret in 1555 through her marriage to Antoine de Bourbon. The Protestants retained possession of Auvillar until June 1571, when the city was retaken by royalist troops. No sooner was Auvillar retaken by royalist troops, than the inhabitants of Auvillar, completely demolished the Viscountal castle to avenge the excesses and abuses of the Huguenots and to retaliate against Henry III of Navarre, their leader. Jeanne d'Albret was succeeded in 1572 as Viscount of Auvillar by her son, Henry III of Navarre, who Henry of Navarre retook Auvillar, where he stayed from 13 to 15 November 1574, but he decided against rebuilding the castle. In 1589 he became Henry IV, King of France.

Life and Occupation

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Chambre des Comptes in Pau

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The Chambre des Comptes of Navarre, and more specifically the Chambre des Comptes of Navarre in Pau, is the center of the career of Jean de Laforcade, Seigneur de La Fitte as well as for the next five generations of his direct descendants.

The Chambre des Comptes of Navarre[13] was created by Henry II of Navarre[13] on 4 January 1527,[13][14] and was reconfirmed and authorized by his successor, Antoine of Navarre,[13] on 11 September 1560,[13][14] who made at the same time a number of laws to set out the powers of the officers, not only for the Chambre des Comptes of Navarre in Pau, but also for those of Nérac and Vendôme. Among these laws were those that determined the number of officers that each one had to have, namely one President, five Counselors/Auditors, a Registrar, a Huissier and a Patrimonial Prosecutor (a "Procureur Patrimonial"); the jurisdiction and knowledge were set forth for all matters concerning the types of income and expense accounting, and the circumstances and dependencies, all the same, and with the same authority and justice that had belonged to the King himself.[13] By 28 October 1563, the number of huissiers had been increased to two.[15] On 30 September 1569, the Queen Regnant Jeanne published new laws about religion with two main principles: the first being to suspend all officers who were not Huguenot and prohibit the Lieutenant General from enlisting Catholics, and the second being to seize the property and assets, ecclesiastical or layperson, of those who disobeyed her and to sell them on public auction.[16] This latter is, in essence, the beginning of war in Béarn. The number of counselors/auditors was increased to six with the addition of a position of Supernumerary on 28 October 1563,[15] but he was only installed in this office on 3 January 1568.[17]

The Conseil Souverain of Navarre, on which Jean de Laforcade, Seigneur de La Fitte later served as a Counsellor, was created by Henry II of Navarre[14] at the Château de Pau[14] eight years before the Chambre des Comptes of Navarre, on 13 June 1519.[14]

Whereas Protestant church records are very sparse and contain large time gaps, a variety of other sources are available. The most important sources, because of the family's position on the court of the Albret family and his responsibilities later in life, are the registers of the Conseil Souverain of Navarre and the Chambre des Comptes of Navarre in Pau. They shed some light on the life and career of Jean Laforcade, Seigneur de La Fitte, with specific dates and facts.

Historical Events in Chronological Order

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The preceding appointment as President on the Chambre des Comptes of Navarre (French: "Président aux Comptes"), or more specifically the political infighting surrounding the appointment, reveals that he was either illiterate,[36] or made out to appear as such, by his enemies on the Chambre des Comptes of Navarre, in particular the sieur Odet de Forbet, Procureur Patrimonial. An extract from one register, translated into English, reads:

…On 4 September 1586, the Sieur de La Forcade, counsellor on His Majesty's Conseil Ordinaire, was provided with the position of Président aux Comptes, vacant by the death of Mr. Tisnés, with the aforesaid letters patent signed by Lady Catherine [the King's only sister] as well as by the Sieur de Saint-Geniès,[37] Lieutenant General of the armies of His Majesty. The ratification of these letters patent was opposed by the Procureur Patrimonial, on various pretexts he invented from the start, such as that the oath which should have been taken by the Chambre had been taken by His Majesty, and as such, the address was made to the most senior member instead of being made to the entire body, and, finally, that the required number of officers were not present.. All these excuses exhausted, he finally resorted to the real reasons and represented them as so important, that the Chambre, notwithstanding the fr:Lettre de jussion ("letters patent") obtained by the said Forcade, and without referring to it, he would have to remonstrate with His Majesty to defend against his installation in this office. He argued that by creating the Chambre, His Majesty, at his sole choice, reserved the right to appoint either an illiterate or a graduate to the office of President, but that the importance of this position was such that in the past the responsibility had either been given by commission, or that when it was given as a title of office, those who exercised it were gifted with great knowledge, such as Jacques de Foix, Bishop of Lescar, François de Candale, Louis d'Albret, or the distinguished Bishop d'Aure, all of whom exercised the said office by commission; then, there were those who were simply provided with the title of the office, such as Messire Mathieu Du Pac, Président au Conseil, followed by Maître Bertrand d'Abbadie, Attorney General, followed by Maître Jean de Salettes, then Maître Guilhaume d'Areau and lastly Arnaud de Tisnés, all men of great literature, science and experience, something that we do not find at all in the person of the said de Forcade, who has not the vaguest literacy. Furthermore, he remonstrated the said Chambre that the obligation to have a president who was a graduate was even greater due to the fact that not a single auditor had knowledge of grammar. Lastly, he remonstrated the said Chambre, the importance and excellence of these jobs necessarily required that one function of these offices was that of being scholars of judicial orders. Notwithstanding these and other reasons, fully deducted in front of His Excellency, he again expressed his will and the said de Forcade was installed on 20 October 1586.[38]

Family

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Parents

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Notable genealogists Gabriel O'Gilvy and Chaix d'Est-Ange both alleged, without citing sources, that he is the son of Noble Gaston de Forcade.[46][47] They were unable to verify his filiation and the spread of approximate birth years discredits this hypothesis.

Records available in the 21st century imply, without confirming, that he was instead the son of Maréchal Arnaudt de Forcade, who originally received the noble fief of La Fitte as a donation from Jeanne d'Albret in 1571.

Marriage

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Records indicate that Jean de Laforcade, Seigneur de La Fitte may have married at least two times.

Noble Jean de Forcade, Squire, notarized his marriage contract[10] with Odette de Rey[10] at Maître Ouzannet, Notary[10][11] and secretary[11] of the commune of Laplume on 29 April 1554. Odette de Rey, was the sister of Noble Jacques de Rey, seigneur de La Salle, who was a captain and the military commandant of the village of Laplume.

A pension in the amount of 100 écus in gold[45] was established by the Chambre des Comptes of Navarre in favor of the widow of the sieur de La Forcade, Demoiselle Loyse d'Aboval,[45] for the services rendered by her husband[45] on 27 August 1591.

Louise d'Aboval, widow of Jean de Laforcade, Seigneur de Lafitte, Président des Comptes, notarized her testament about 1595 at the Notary Pérarnaud de Camps in Pau.[48]

Children

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In his 1571 testament, he names three sons and two daughters from his marriage, named in the following order: Pierre, Étienne, Bernard, Antoinette and Marie. At least two of these sons carried on the noble family lines. There were two additional sons who apparently were not named in this testament, Dominique[49] (†1636), who married Agnes Ducosso de Bilheres-Projan, and Jean, who married a de Lucmajour, and who follows.

…Eighth, they have produced an investigation conducted in the town of Sauveterre in Béarn, by the authority of the elected officials of Guyenne, at the request of Jean de Forcade, Squire, Seigneur de Sauroux [sic], first cousin of the petitioners, by which it is amply verified that their ancestors were genuine nobles, and as such have always held rank at the [Order of the Nobility of the] Estates of Béarn…"[50]

Other Family Branches

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Several noble branches of the Forcade family claim a common descendance from the noble Forcade family of Orthez, where the family is recorded as early as the 12th century.

The vast pool of historical sources available now with search tools in the 21st century, tends to point to Jean de Laforcade, seigneur de La Fitte as the father of several branches of the noble family of Forcade. Circumstantial evidence from 17th century records tends to confirm his parentage of these family branches.

  • The branch Forcade de La Grézère, Forcade de La Roquette, Forcade de Caubeyran, Forcade de Saint-Genest and Forcade de Lastranenq was confirmed in several 17th century judgments to descend from Noble Jean de Laforcade, Seigneur de La Fitte-Juson, who was stripped of his nobility in the early 17th century, allegedly for the dérogeance of having acquired some farms in the Pays de Marsan. He was the son of this Jean de Laforcade, seigneur de La Fitte.
  • The branch Forcade de Biaix[51] and a little known, but closely related, branch Forcade de Baure,[51] both also claimed a common descendance from ancestors in Orthez[51] in the late 17th century, however, the authors of early books on the topic of genealogies of noble families are silent about the ancestry of the Forcade-Biaix branch's founder, Noble Jean de Forcade, seigneur de Biaix. These same early books name only one person in the Forcade-Baure branch, Noble Pierre de Forcade, seigneur de Baure. Recent 21st century research, however, proves that Jean de Forcade, Seigneur de Biaix, Fermier des monnaies de Béarn et Navarre (minter of coins for Béarn and Navarre), was the grandson of Pierre de Forcade, Lawyer,[52] Garde des monnaies de Béarn et Navarre de Pau[52] (Guardian of the currency of Béarn and Navarre) at the Parliament of Navarre in Pau. Pierre de Forcade, Seigneur de Baure was Pierre de Forcade's eldest son. The elder Pierre was the grandson of this same Noble Jean de Laforcade, Seigneur de La Fitte-Juson, who was stripped of his nobility in the early 17th century, allegedly for the dérogeance of having acquired some farms in the Pays de Marsan.
  • The branch Forcade du Tauzia, Forcade du Pin and Lafourcade de la Prade was confirmed in two 17th century judgments to descend from the Noble family of Forcade in Orthez. The founder of this branch is identified as this Jean Laforcade, seigneur de Lafitte.[1][2]

Notes

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  1. ^ a b c d Tierny/Pagel (1909), p. 96, col. 2, f. 14, v° (in French)]
  2. ^ a b c d AD32, B 20, 1584, f° 14, v° (in French)]
  3. ^ a b c d Tierny/Pagel (1909), p. 39, col. 2. f. 99 (in French)]
  4. ^ a b c AD32, B 6, 1556-1557, f° 99 (in French)]
  5. ^ a b c AD64, B 1869
  6. ^ a b c d Laussat (1871), p. 163 (in French)
  7. ^ a b Laussat (1871), p. 164 (in French)
  8. ^ a b c SSLAP (1907), p. 71 (in French)
  9. ^ a b SSLAP (1907), p. 67 (in French)
  10. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Chaix d'Est-Ange (1922), p. 313 (in French)
  11. ^ a b c d e f g h Bourrousse de Laffore (1860), p. 180 (in French)
  12. ^ a b c SSLAP (1907), p. 70 (in French)
  13. ^ a b c d e f Laussat (1871), p. 87 (in French)
  14. ^ a b c d e Laussat (1871), p. 166 (in French)
  15. ^ a b Laussat (1871), p. 130 (in French)
  16. ^ Laussat (1871), p. 129 (in French)
  17. ^ Laussat (1871), p. 131 (in French)
  18. ^ AD64, B 1581
  19. ^ AD64, B 1582
  20. ^ AD64, B 1583
  21. ^ AD64, B 1585
  22. ^ a b AD64, B 2135
  23. ^ AD64, B 1584
  24. ^ a b AD64, B 2141
  25. ^ Dubarat (1921), p. 120 (in French)
  26. ^ CNRTL, Viguier (in French)
  27. ^ AD64, E 2001
  28. ^ AD64, E 1488
  29. ^ a b AD64, B 2560
  30. ^ AD64, B 2479
  31. ^ AD64, B 2390
  32. ^ AD64, B 2473
  33. ^ Montégut (1906), pp. 161–163 (in French)
  34. ^ Guyenne.fr, Varia T33 (1906) (in French)
  35. ^ Bascle de Lagrèze (1851), p. 38 (in French)
  36. ^ Laussat (1871), p. 167 (in French)
  37. ^ Courcelles (1822), pp. 73–74 (in French)
  38. ^ Laussat (1871), pp. 163-164 (in French)
  39. ^ Laussat (1871), p. 191 (in French)
  40. ^ SSLAP (1907), pp. 68-69 (in French)
  41. ^ Laussat (1871), p. 192 (in French)
  42. ^ AD64, B 2928
  43. ^ AD64, E 1641
  44. ^ AD64, B 3103
  45. ^ a b c d e f Laussat (1871), p. 256 (in French)
  46. ^ Chaix d'Est-Ange (1922), p. 310 (in French)
  47. ^ Bourrousse de Laffore (1860), p. 174 (in French)
  48. ^ AD64, E 2014
  49. ^ Genealogy Adriane Maïa Morgane Guillaumin
  50. ^ a b Bourrousse de Laffore (1860), p. 175 (in French)
  51. ^ a b c Bourrousse de Laffore (1860), p. 173 (in French)
  52. ^ a b SSLAP (1887), p. 160 (in French)

References

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  • "AD32–Archives Départementales du Gers: Search Tools". Archives32.fr (in French). Retrieved 9 April 2016.
  • Courcelles, Jean Baptiste Pierre Jullien de (1822). "XIV. Armand de Gontaut, Ier du nom" (application/txt/pdf). Histoire généalogique et héraldique des pairs de France : des grands dignitaires de la couronne, des principales familles nobles du royaume et des maisons princières de l'Europe, précédée de la généalogie de la maison de France (in French). Vol. 2. Paris: L'auteur. pp. 73–74. xkoWAAAAYAAJ. Retrieved 18 April 2016.
  • Haag, Eugène & Emile: La France protestante, ou Vies des protestants français qui se sont fait un nom dans l'histoire depuis les premiers temps de la réformation jusqu'à la reconnaissance du principe de la liberté des cultes par l'Assemblée nationale ; ouvrage précédé d'une Notice historique sur le protestantisme en France ; suivi des Pièces justificatives et rédigé sur des documents en grande partie inédits., Tome II Basnage - Brodeau, Joël Cherbuliez, Paris 1847, p. 415 (in French)
  • Laussat, M. le baron de (1871). Société des Sciences, Lettres et Arts de Pau (ed.). "Extraits des Registres de la Chambre des Comptes de Pau (XVIe et XVIIe siècles.)" [Extracts from the Registers of the Chambre des Comptes of Pau (16th and 17th Centuries.)] (application/txt/pdf). Bulletin de la Société des Sciences, Lettres et Arts de Pau (in French). Vol. II série–1, no. 1871–72. Pau: Léon Ribaut, Librairie de la Société. pp. 60–64, 83–96, 127–144, 163–192, 254–264. Retrieved 12 April 2016.
  • Maihol, Dayre de (1896). "Digitale Bibliothek - Münchener Digitalisierungszentrum" (application/pdf). Dictionnaire Historique et Héraldique de la Noblesse Française. Rédigé dans l'ordre patronymique. D'après les archives des anciens Parlements les manuscrits de d'Hozier et les travaux des auteurs. Contenant un vocabulaire du blason et la notice des familles nobles existant actuellement en France avec la description et le dessin de leurs armes (in French). Vol. 1. Paris: Direction et Redaction. pp. 1203–1205. OCLC 163838723. Retrieved 11 April 2016.
  • Montégut, H. de (1906). Société historique et archéologique du Périgord (Périgueux). (ed.). "Vente de la fôret de Thiviers consentie par le roi de Navarre aux Srs du Teil et Faurichon, le 7 mai 1582" [Sale of the Thiviers Forest agreed by the King of Navarre to the Sieurs du Teil and Faurichon, on 7 May 1582.] (application/pdf). Bulletin de la Société historique et archéologique du Périgord (in French). Vol. 33. Périgueux: Léon Ribaut, Librairie de la Société. pp. 161–163. ark:/12148/bpt6k34241p. Retrieved 19 April 2016.
  • SSLAP (1887). Société des Sciences, Lettres et Arts de Pau (ed.). "Extraits des Registres de la Chambre des Comptes de Pau suite (1)" [Extracts from the Registers of the Chambre des Comptes in Pau continued (1).] (application/txt/pdf). Bulletin de la Société des Sciences, Lettres et Arts de Pau. IIème Série. (in French). Vol. II série–16, no. 1886–87. Pau: Léon Ribault, Librairie de la Société. pp. 120–132, 155–221. ark:/12148/bpt6k34268q. Retrieved 13 April 2016.
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