Jeník is a Czech family name:
- cs:Jan Jeník z Bratřic (1756–1845), Czech knight
- cs:Miroslav Jeník (born 1960), Czech politician
- Jan Jeník (born 2000), Czech ice hockey player
- John Joseph Jenik (born 1944), U.S. Catholic bishop
- Štěpán Jeník (born 1993), Czech ice-hockey player
- A fictional character in The Bartered Bride