Jiřina Šiklová (17 June 1935 – 22 May 2021)[1][2] was a Czech sociologist notable for her political engagement and studies of gender in the Czech Republic and former Soviet countries. She was an active campaigner for political reform in Communist Czechoslovakia and was a signatory of Charter 77.
Early life
editŠiklová was born in Prague in 1935. She attended Charles University, where she studied history and philosophy. As a member of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia and advocate for reform, she was one of the catalysts for the events of the Prague Spring. After the 1968 Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia, she left the Party and became a member of the underground Czech dissident movement. [3]
Political activism
editIn 1968, Šiklová was forced to leave her position at Charles University and worked as a janitor until 1971, when she was employed as a researcher and social worker at a Prague hospital. Her involvement with Czech dissent led her to be jailed in 1981,[4] and she was hounded by the StB, the Communist Czechoslovak secret police, and frequently brought in for interrogation.[5] Despite persecution by the regime, she continued to write articles and books on sociology that were published abroad. Like many of the women who were a part of Czech dissident circles, she acted as a letter carrier between the mostly male dissidents, helping copy letters on carbon paper and deliver them. In her writings on the experience, she noted that while women were literally involved in the "dirty work" of copying and distributing samizdat texts, they were rarely written about or acknowledged for their contribution to Czech dissent.[6]
One of Šiklová's focuses in her writing was what she termed the "Gray Zone" – the clandestine collaboration between the dissidents and reform-minded Communists who remained in the Party.[5] Unlike the majority of Czech citizens who did not fully support the regime but did nothing to actively protest against it, Šiklová identified those in the "gray zone" as educated citizens who were not high-level Party members, and who helped the dissidents without officially being a part of their cause.[7]
Gender studies
editŠiklová was a pioneer in the field of gender studies in the Czech Republic.[8] She has written on the subject of women in Czech dissent, arguing that the reason women's interests and issues were not represented in Charter 77 – despite the large number of women involved in the creation of the Charter, and especially the number of women involved in the distribution of dissident texts – was that women felt their own concerns were less important than the goal of general societal reform.[9] Though she was interested in and wrote about the role of women in Czech society, she was not exposed to Western feminist theory until after the Velvet Revolution in 1989.[10]
Šiklová helped found the Prague Gender Studies Center, the first feminist organization in the Czech Republic.[8] She has been critical of the population growth policy of the Czech Republic, arguing that the social cost and other negative effects of overpopulation should be more carefully considered, and that spending on education should be a part of population policy.[11]
Notes
edit- ^ "Sociologist and Charter 77 signatory Jiřina Šiklová dies aged 85". Radio.cz. 23 May 2021.
- ^ "Zemřela socioložka a signatářka Charty 77 Jiřina Šiklová". seznamzpravy.cz. 22 May 2021.
- ^ Jůn 2012.
- ^ Kapusta-Pofahl 2008, pp. 66–67.
- ^ a b Rosenberg 2010, pp. 96–97.
- ^ Teske & Tétreault 2000.
- ^ Oates-Indruchová 2002, p. 49.
- ^ a b Kapusta-Pofahl 2008, p. 64.
- ^ Daskalova et al. 2012, p. 254.
- ^ Kapusta-Pofahl 2008, pp. 65–66.
- ^ Gal & Kligman 2000, p. 75.
References
edit- Jůn, Dominik (23 July 2012). "Jiřina Šiklová - from sociologist to dissident smuggler to pre-emancipated feminist". Radio Praha. Český rozhlas. Retrieved 21 September 2013.
- Daskalova, Krasimira; Hornstein Tomić, Caroline; Kaser, Karl; Radunović, Filip (2012). Gendering post-socialist transition: studies of changing gender perspectives. Wien. ISBN 978-3-643-90229-0. OCLC 792881968.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - Gal, Susan; Kligman, Gail (2000). Reproducing Gender: Politics, Publics, and Everyday Life After Socialism. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-04868-0.
- Kapusta-Pofahl, Karen Marie (2008). Legitimating Czech Gender Studies: Articulating Transnational Feminist Expertise in the "new" Europe. ISBN 978-0-549-79051-8.
- Rosenberg, Tina (24 November 2010). The Haunted Land: Facing Europe's Ghosts After Communism. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-307-77358-6.
- Teske, Robin L.; Tétreault, Mary Ann (2000). Conscious Acts and the Politics of Social Change. Univ of South Carolina Press. ISBN 978-1-57003-331-5.
- Oates-Indruchová, Libora (2002). "Considering ideology, discourse and gender theories in the Czech context". Discourses of Gender in Pre- and Post-1989 Czech Culture (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 September 2013.