Jinzhou District (simplified Chinese: 金州区; traditional Chinese: 金州區; pinyin: Jīnzhōu Qū; lit. 'golden prefecture') is one of the seven districts of Dalian, Liaoning province, People's Republic of China. It is located about 20 kilometres (12 mi) northeast of the city centre and faces the Bohai Sea to the west as well as the Korea Bay to the east and has a longer history than Dalian itself, and used to be a thriving walled city where the officials of this area were dispatched from the central government. Recently, it is again a thriving town, having Dalian Development Area within its area as well as becoming a bedroom community to downtown Dalian. Its area is 1,352.54 square kilometres (522.22 sq mi) and its permanent population as of 2020[update] is 1,545,491.[3][2][4]
Jinzhou
金州区 Kinchow | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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  Jinzhou Location in Liaoning | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Coordinates: 39°05′55″N 121°43′13″E / 39.0985°N 121.7202°E[1] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Country | People's Republic of China | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Province | Liaoning | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sub-provincial city | Dalian | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Area | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| • Total | 1,352.54 km2 (522.22 sq mi) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Population (2020) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| • Total | 1,545,491 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| • Density | 1,100/km2 (3,000/sq mi) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Time zone | UTC+8 (China Standard) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Postal code | 116100 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Dalian district map |
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| Division code | 210213 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
History
editBefore Russia coerced a lease of the Lüshun Naval Port from the Qing dynasty and established Dalian as a commercial port in 1898, Jinzhou was the center of this region, a thriving walled town, to which the central government official was dispatched to rule this region.
- Three Kingdoms
- A revolt in Liaodong Peninsula (239 A.D.)
- Tang, Song and Yuan dynasties
- Emperor Li Shimin (Emperor Taizong of Tang) and his army campaigned against Goguryeu and captured the Bisa (Chinese: 卑沙, Beisha) fortification, on Dahei Mountain, Jinzhou (645).[5]
- Government official was sent to a town which was renamed Jinzhou (1218)
- Ming dynasty
- Qing dynasty
- Japan occupied Liaodong Peninsula including Jinzhou during the Sino-Japanese War and tried to lease it (1894), but returned it as the results of the Triple Intervention by France, Germany and Russia, with Russia swiftly coercing a lease soon afterwards.
- Japan re-occupied Liaodong Peninsula during the Russo-Japanese War (1904) and leases it as Kwantung Leased Territory (1905)
- Republic of China
- Japan's lease agreement was extended to 99 years, until 1999 (1915)
- The Soviet forces advanced to Jinzhou and the Communist Party-led Jinzhou Prefectural Government was established (1945)
- People's Republic of China
- Jinzhou became part of Lüda City (旅大市) (1950)
- After becoming part of Liaonan Special Zone (1966), Jinzhou was returned to Lüda City (1969), which was later renamed as Dalian City (1981)
Recently, it is again a thriving District, having Dalian Development Area within it as well as becoming a bedroom community to downtown Dalian.
Geography
edit- 1074.6 square kilometers of land
- 20 kilometers northeast of the downtown Dalian
- Pulandian District to the north, Ganjingzi District to the south, the Yellow Sea to the east and the Bohai Sea to the west
- Highest point: Dahei Mountain, 662 meters above sea level
- In winter, the Yellow Sea side of Jinzhou District does not freeze, but the Bohai Sea side freezes in January and February
Administrative divisions
edit
There are 25 subdistricts within the district.[6][7]
Subdistricts:
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Climate
edit| Climate data for Jinzhou (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–2010) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 9.7 (49.5) |
16.3 (61.3) |
19.7 (67.5) |
27.0 (80.6) |
31.0 (87.8) |
35.1 (95.2) |
35.8 (96.4) |
34.0 (93.2) |
31.8 (89.2) |
27.1 (80.8) |
20.4 (68.7) |
15.6 (60.1) |
35.8 (96.4) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −0.2 (31.6) |
2.4 (36.3) |
8.1 (46.6) |
15.2 (59.4) |
21.1 (70.0) |
25.0 (77.0) |
27.7 (81.9) |
28.3 (82.9) |
24.8 (76.6) |
18.1 (64.6) |
9.7 (49.5) |
2.6 (36.7) |
15.2 (59.4) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −4.1 (24.6) |
−1.5 (29.3) |
4.0 (39.2) |
10.8 (51.4) |
16.7 (62.1) |
21.1 (70.0) |
24.4 (75.9) |
25.0 (77.0) |
21.0 (69.8) |
14.0 (57.2) |
5.7 (42.3) |
−1.3 (29.7) |
11.3 (52.4) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −7.3 (18.9) |
−4.7 (23.5) |
0.5 (32.9) |
7.1 (44.8) |
13.0 (55.4) |
17.9 (64.2) |
21.8 (71.2) |
22.2 (72.0) |
17.5 (63.5) |
10.1 (50.2) |
2.0 (35.6) |
−4.7 (23.5) |
8.0 (46.3) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −19.8 (−3.6) |
−17.69 (0.16) |
−9.4 (15.1) |
−2.6 (27.3) |
5.5 (41.9) |
10.7 (51.3) |
16.4 (61.5) |
14.8 (58.6) |
4.8 (40.6) |
−3.4 (25.9) |
−11.6 (11.1) |
−15.9 (3.4) |
−19.8 (−3.6) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 3.7 (0.15) |
7.1 (0.28) |
10.5 (0.41) |
33.6 (1.32) |
52.5 (2.07) |
67.1 (2.64) |
120.7 (4.75) |
160.7 (6.33) |
49.7 (1.96) |
32.7 (1.29) |
20.6 (0.81) |
7.4 (0.29) |
566.3 (22.3) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 2.3 | 2.4 | 3.0 | 5.5 | 6.5 | 7.7 | 9.4 | 8.9 | 5.5 | 5.7 | 4.7 | 3.4 | 65 |
| Average snowy days | 3.9 | 2.8 | 1.5 | 0.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.2 | 2.2 | 4.3 | 15.2 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 55 | 57 | 55 | 57 | 63 | 74 | 82 | 79 | 68 | 62 | 60 | 57 | 64 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 182.4 | 174.5 | 223.6 | 233.7 | 251.0 | 216.5 | 177.8 | 188.1 | 214.5 | 203.0 | 157.6 | 163.3 | 2,386 |
| Percent possible sunshine | 60 | 57 | 60 | 59 | 56 | 49 | 40 | 45 | 58 | 59 | 53 | 56 | 54 |
| Source: China Meteorological Administration[8][9] | |||||||||||||
Transportation
edit
- Jinzhou Railway Station on the Dalian-Shenyang-Harbin Railway (former South Manchurian Railway)
- Dalian-Shenyang-Harbin and Dalian-Dandong-Shenyang Expressways
- Dalian Railway Station-Dalian Development Area-Golden Pebble Beach (Line 3 of Dalian Metro)
Education
editColleges and Universities
International schools
Tourism
edit
- Xiangying Square and Stalin Road for Pedestrians only
- Former government official's office
- Jinzhou Museum, newly built in north of Jinzhou District
- Longwang Taoist Temple, Jinzhou Christian Church, etc.
- South Hills, a Russo-Japanese war battleground
- Dahei Mountain
- Jinzhou Bay (金州湾)
- Dalian Development Area
- Cannon Hills, East Mountain Park, Kailun International Hot Spring Club, etc.
- Golden Pebble Beach (金石滩) Tourist Area
- Golden Pebble Beach Golf Course, Discovery Kingdom, etc.
Eight Views of Old Jinzhou
editThe Eight Views of Old Jinzhou are:[citation needed]
- Shengshui Temple (Buddhist, Dahei Mountain)
- Xiangshui Temple (Taoist, Dahei Mountain)
- Chaoyang Temple (Buddhist, Dahei Mountain)
- Beisha Castle (Dahei Mountain)
- Yuhuang Temple (Taoist)
- Diaojingtai
- Longwang Temple (Taoist)
- Mengzhen Cave
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ "Jinzhou" (Map). Google Maps. Retrieved 2014-07-02.
- ^ a b Dalian Statistical Yearbook 2012 (《大连统计年鉴2012》). Accessed 8 July 2014.
- ^ "Dàlián Shì (Sub-provincial City, China) - Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location". www.citypopulation.de. Retrieved 2024-10-31.
- ^ 2010 Census county-by-county statistics (《中国2010年人口普查分县资料》). Accessed 8 July 2014.
- ^ Liaoning Province, particularly its southern region from Dalian to Dandong, abounds in the legends of Emperor Taizong of Tang and his generals' Goguryeo campaigns, reflected in the place names, etc.
- ^ 大连市-行政区划网
- ^ "2018年统计用区划代码".
- ^ 中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 29 July 2023.
- ^ 中国气象数据网 (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 29 July 2023.