Johann Ludwig, Reichsgraf von Wallmoden-Gimborn

Johann Ludwig Reichsgraf von Wallmoden-Gimborn (22 April 1736 in Hanover – 10 October 1811 in Hanover) was a German lieutenant-general and art collector.

Early life

Wallmoden was an illegitimate son of George II of Great Britain by his mistress Amalie von Wallmoden. She was married to Adam Gottlieb, Count Wallmoden (1704–1752), but for a payment of 1000 Ducats the Count was prepared to defer his claims on his wife to George, and was finally separated from her in 1740.

On the death of Queen Caroline in 1737, the Prime Minister, Robert Walpole, suggested that Amalie be brought over from Hanover to Britain to take her place as maîtresse en titre to George II. In the meantime Lady Deloraine, a loquacious but not very intelligent courtesan, with whom George had a distant relationship, functioned as a stopgap. Thus the young Johann Ludwig came to be conceived in England and grew up at St. James's Palace and Kensington Palace. As an illegitimate son of the king, he received a comprehensive education, after which he went on a Grand Tour to Italy, where he acquired an extensive collection of classical statues, busts, and reliefs. On his return he entered the Hanoverian Army and rose to the rank of major general.

Career

Collection of Wallmoden-Gimborn in the exhibition The Hanoverians on Britain's Throne 1714-1837, in the Palace of Herrenhausen, 2014

Around the year 1700, several noblemen's country estates had been established in the former flood plain of the Leine. In 1768 Wallmoden acquired some of these gardens and merged them into the Wallmodengarten (later to become the Georgengarten). In 1782 he built the Wallmoden-Schloss to house his collections of antiquities. In 1782 he bought the Reichsherrschaft Gimborn in Westphalia from Prince Johann I. of Schwarzenberg, and on 17 January 1783 was raised to the nobility of the Holy Roman Empire by the emperor Joseph II, with the title Wallmoden-Gimborn and with a corresponding augmentation of his coat-of-arms to Imperial count.

Simultaneously, Wallmoden attained a seat and a voice on the Westphalian College of Imperial Counts, and therewith on the Reichsstandschaft. After the death of count Philipp II of Schaumburg-Lippe (1723–1787), Wallmoden-Gimborn acted for his widow (princess Juliane of Hesse Philippsthal) as guardian of her younger son and heir George William (1784–1860). From 1790 to 1811, he was an honorary member of the Prussian Academy of Arts in Berlin.

On 5 July 1803, as Oberbefehlshaber (commander-in-chief) of the Hanoverian army, he signed the convention of Artlenburg and thus capitulated before the Napoleonic troops arrived.^[1] ^[2] ^[3]

Personal life

Wallmoden-Gimborn was first married in Hanover on 18 April 1766 to Charlotte Christiane Auguste Wilhelmine von Wangenheim (1740–1783), and they had five children:

Ernst Georg August (1767–1792)
Ludwig Georg Thedel (1769–1862), who became an Austrian General of Cavalry.
Georgine Charlotte Auguste (1770–1859), who married Baron Karl August von Lichtenstein [de]. They divorced and she married Count Friedrich Abraham Wilhelm von Arnim in 1795. They divorced and she married Charles Henri, the Marquis le Marchant de Charmont, in 1824.
Wilhelmine Magdalene Friederike (1772–1819), who married Baron Heinrich Friedrich Karl vom Stein in 1793.
Friedrike Eleonore Juliane (1776–1826), who married Ludwig Friedrich Count von Kielmansegg and was the mother of Eduard von Kielmansegg [de]

Wallmoden's second marriage, on 3 August 1788 in Bückeburg, was to Baroness Luise Christiane von Lichtenstein (1763–1809), a daughter of Baron Friedrich Karl von Lichtenstein by his marriage to Charlotte Ernestine von Berckefeld, and with her he had three further children:

Karl August Ludwig (1792–1883), an Austrian Privy Councillor and Lieutenant-General who married Zoe, Countess von Grünne, daughter of Philipp Ferdinand von Grünne [de], in 1833.
Adolf Franz James Wilhelm (1794–1825)
Luise Henriette (1796–1851)

After Wallmoden-Gimborn's death, his nephew King George III acquired his collections of antique sculpture and books, over 8000 volumes. The collections are still in the ownership of the Welfs and since 1979 have formed a collection of the Archeological Institute in Göttingen.

Descendants

From his son Karl August Ludwig is descended the Oberhaus Wallmoden line.

References

^ Ralf Bormann: Wallmoden’s Collections at Hanover-Herrenhausen Depicted: Towards the Reconstruction of a Baroque aemulatio of the Uffizi, in: Andrea M. Gáldy, Sylvia Heudecker, Collecting Prints and Drawings, Newcastle 2018, S. 172-189.
^ Ralf Bormann: Das verschleierte Bild. Zur Logik der Kopie in der Sammlung des Grafen Wallmoden (1736–1811), in: Antonia Putzger, Marion Heisterberg, Susanne Müller-Bechtel (Hg.), Nichts Neues Schaffen. Perspektiven auf die treue Kopie 1300–1900, Berlin 2018, S. 231-250.
^ Ralf Bormann: Die Kunstsammlung des Reichsgrafen Johann Ludwig von Wallmoden-Gimborn, in: Katja Lembke (Hg.), Als die Royals aus Hannover kamen. Hannovers Herrscher auf Englands Thron 1714–1837. Katalog zur Niedersächsischen Landesausstellung im Landesmuseum Hannover und im Herrenhäuser Schloss vom 17. Mai bis zum 5. Oktober 2014, Dresden 2014, S. 238–261.

[Bormann2018-1] Ralf Bormann: Wallmoden’s Collections at Hanover-Herrenhausen Depicted: Towards the Reconstruction of a Baroque aemulatio of the Uffizi, in: Andrea M. Gáldy, Sylvia Heudecker, Collecting Prints and Drawings, Newcastle 2018, S. 172-189.

[Bormann2018v2-2] Ralf Bormann: Das verschleierte Bild. Zur Logik der Kopie in der Sammlung des Grafen Wallmoden (1736–1811), in: Antonia Putzger, Marion Heisterberg, Susanne Müller-Bechtel (Hg.), Nichts Neues Schaffen. Perspektiven auf die treue Kopie 1300–1900, Berlin 2018, S. 231-250.

[Bormann2014-3] Ralf Bormann: Die Kunstsammlung des Reichsgrafen Johann Ludwig von Wallmoden-Gimborn, in: Katja Lembke (Hg.), Als die Royals aus Hannover kamen. Hannovers Herrscher auf Englands Thron 1714–1837. Katalog zur Niedersächsischen Landesausstellung im Landesmuseum Hannover und im Herrenhäuser Schloss vom 17. Mai bis zum 5. Oktober 2014, Dresden 2014, S. 238–261.

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