John Beswicke (1847 – 1925) was an architect who practiced in Melbourne between the 1870s and 1915.
A prolific and successful designer, he is known to have designed some 300 buildings, including 203 houses, 9 banks, 14 churches, 44 commercial buildings, 11 hotels, 15 institutional buildings such as hospitals, 45 shops and 6 large town halls.[1]
History
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John Beswicke was born in 1847, the son of Charles Beswicke and Elizabeth Keys, who had both arrived in the Port Phillip district in the 1840s. In 1847, Charles married Elizabeth when he was aged 40 and Elizabeth was 18. They had 3 daughters and 2 sons, John being their second son. John went to Geelong Grammar School and in 1862 was apprenticed to the firm Crouch & Wilson at age 16, where he continued to work for 18 years, finishing as head assistant.[1] While there he worked on such prominent projects as the Deaf School and Blind Institute, both built in the 1860s on St Kilda Road, the main building for MLC in Hawthorn in 1882, and numerous churches, as well as some of his own projects.
The practice of Crouch & Wilson passed to the sons of the principals in 1881, when Crouch retired, and Ralph Wilson left to join with Bewicke to create Wilson & Beswicke on 2 January 1882, until Wilson's death in 1889. After this he was often in sole practice as J. Beswicke, but also in other partnerships including Beswicke & Hutchins (1889–90), and Beswicke & Coote (1890–93).[2]
Amongst his prolific output was a series of grand houses in Harcourt Street in Hawthorn, many for his family, from the 1870s to 1900; of 15 buildings built in this area, 14 are still standing. His father Charles had bought land in Harcourt Street in 1873 and moved from Geelong into a house at No 5, which John designed while he was still at Crouch & Wilson ('Les Avents', later 'Carn Brae', altered in the 1920s[3]). John Beswicke's own residence 'Rotha' at No 29 was built in 1887, and in 1900 he built the even grander 'Talana' on the corner of Auburn Road for his wife, but she preferred to stay at 'Rotha'.[4]
Beswicke was associated as a consulting designer with a number of property and building companies in the Boom period of the 1880s.[4] One of these was the Australian Property and Investment Co; he had designed houses and subdivisions for one of the directors, and his brother in law had been a manager. He was invited to a limited competition called in 1888 by the company to design a 12 storey office building on the corner of Elizabeth Street and Flinders Lane, which was won Henry Hardie Kemp, who soon took on partners to become Oakden, Addison and Kemp. Beswicke was included in the project as he had studied tall buildings, and probably provided technical advice, while the Queen Anne style of what became known as the Australian Building (aka APA Building) was Kemp's. The remarkable structure was amongst the worlds tallest at the time, and it remained Melbourne's tallest until the 1920s, and was demolished in 1980.
He designed a number of notable shop/ office/ residence blocks in a distinctive eclectic style that included polychrome brickwork with cement render classical details over three storeys; there are two such blocks in Auburn Village in Hawthorn, on Auburn Road, near Burwood Road, and a larger one on Brunswick Street, Fitzroy. that is now named after the architect as the Beswicke Building.
Some of his houses feature distinctive corner turrets with 'candle snuffer' roofs, his own house Rotha sports the first example, with square ones on the three houses at 5, 7, 9 Yarra Street, Hawthorn, with later examples on Redholme (Warwillah) and Talana. Another distinctive feature is the use of decorative gables on each face of a polygonal bay window, also seen on his own house Rotha, on Derriweit Heights, and in simpler versions on single-storey houses.[2]
Notable works
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Town Halls:
- Brighton Town Hall, 1885[5]
- Malvern Town Hall, 1886, Wilson & Beswicke[6]
- Essendon Town Hall, 1886, Wilson & Beswicke[7]
- Dandenong Town Hall, 1890, Beswicke & Hutchins[8]
- Hawthorn Town Hall, 1888[9]
Churches:
- Keysborough Uniting (formerly Methodist) Uniting Church, Chapel Rd, Keysborough, 1877,[10]
Commercial:
- Two sets of three storey shops, Auburn Road, Auburn Village[11]
- Beswicke Buildings, three storey shops and residences, 236-252 Brunswick Street, Fitzroy[12]
Domestic:
- 'Les Avents' ('Carn Brae', altered in the 1920s), 5 Harcourt Street, Hawthorn 1873[3]
- 'Tudor Lodge'(later Hilton House), 13 Harcourt Street, Hawthorn, 1873[4]
- 'Lexinton' (later Murtoa), 7 Harcourt Street, Hawthorn, 1878[13]
- 'Bendigonia', 25 Queens Road, Melbourne, 1882, Wilson & Beswicke[14]
- 'Tudor House', cnr. Pasco and Electra streets, Williamstown, 1884, Wilson & Beswicke[15]
- 'Rotha', (Beswicke's own home), 29 Harcourt Street, Hawthorn, 1887[16]
- 'Miharo', 145 Noble Street, Newtown, Geelong, 1890, Beswicke & Coote[17]
- 'Cullymont' & 'Eyre Court', 4 Selwyn Street, Canterbury, 1890[4]
- 5, 7 & 9 Yarra Street, Hawthorn, 1890[4]
- 'Westella', 39 Kinkora Road, Hawtorn, 1891, Beswicke & Coote[18]
- 'Tourmont' (now Fintona Girls School), 79 Balwyn Road, Balwyn, 1891[19]
- 'Derriweit Heights', Douglas Road. Mount Macedon, 1893 (additional floor).[4] Destroyed in 1983 Ash Wednesday fires.
- 'Karawu', 405 Tooronga Road, Hawthorn, 1895, Beswicke and Coote [20]
- 'Redholme' (later Warwillah), 572 St Kilda Road, Melbourne, 1896[4]
- 'Talana', 1 Harcourt Street, Hawthorn, 1900[21]
References
edit- ^ a b "John Beswicke (1847 - 1925) - Heritage Architect". portphillippioneersgroup.org.au. Retrieved 25 February 2020.
- ^ a b Goad Willis, ed. (2012). Encyclopedia of Australian Architecture. Cambridge University Press. p. 81.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - ^ a b "Carn Brae". vhd.heritagecouncil.vic.gov.au. Retrieved 25 February 2020.
- ^ a b c d e f g h "John Beswicke 1847 - 1925 Australian Heritage Architect The Book". www.johnbeswicke.com. Archived from the original on 26 February 2020. Retrieved 26 February 2020.
- ^ "Brighton Town Hall". Victorian Heritage Database. Department of Planning and Community Development. Retrieved 3 September 2011.
- ^ "Malvern Town Hall". Victorian Heritage Database. Department of Planning and Community Development. Retrieved 3 September 2011.
- ^ "Clocktower centre". vhd.heritagecouncil.vic.gov.au. Retrieved 26 February 2020.
- ^ "Dandenong Town Hall". Victorian Heritage Database. Department of Planning and Community Development. Retrieved 3 September 2011.
- ^ "Hawthorn Town Hall". Victorian Heritage Database. Department of Planning and Community Development. Retrieved 3 September 2011.
- ^ p57, A History of the City of Springvale : Constellation of Communities, Hibbins, G.M.Lothian, Port Melbourne, 1984
- ^ C57 - Auburn Village Heritage Precinct
- ^ "236 - 252 Brunswick Street". Victorian Heritage Database. Department of Planning and Community Development. Retrieved 15 August 2011.
- ^ "Murtoa (formerly Lexinton)". vhd.heritagecouncil.vic.gov.au. Retrieved 26 February 2020.
- ^ "Former Bendigonia". Victorian Heritage Database.
- ^ "Tudor House". Victorian Heritage Database. Department of Planning and Community Development. Retrieved 3 September 2011.
- ^ "Rotha". Victorian Heritage Database. Department of Planning and Community Development. Retrieved 3 September 2011.
- ^ "Miharo". vhd.heritagecouncil.vic.gov.au. Retrieved 26 February 2020.
- ^ "Westella". Victorian Heritage Database.
- ^ "Fintona Girls School (formerly Tourmont)". vhd.heritagecouncil.vic.gov.au. Retrieved 26 February 2020.
- ^ "Karawu". vhd.heritagecouncil.vic.gov.au. Retrieved 14 March 2020.
- ^ "Talana". vhd.heritagecouncil.vic.gov.au. Retrieved 26 February 2020.