John Hoskins Stone (July 17, 1749[citation needed] – October 5, 1804) was an American planter, soldier, and politician from Charles County, Maryland. During the Revolutionary War he led the 1st Maryland Regiment of the Continental Army. After the war he served in the state legislature and was the seventh Governor from 1794 to 1797.
John Hoskins Stone | |
|---|---|
 | |
| 7th Governor of Maryland | |
| In office November 14, 1794 – November 17, 1797 | |
| Preceded by | Thomas S. Lee |
| Succeeded by | John Henry |
| Member of the Maryland House of Delegates | |
| In office 1785–1787 | |
| In office 1790 | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | July 17, 1749[citation needed] Charles County, Province of Maryland, British America |
| Died | October 5, 1804 (aged 55) Annapolis, Maryland, U.S. |
| Political party | Federalist |
| Spouse | Anne Couden |
Personal life
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John was born at his father's plantation of Poynton Manor in Charles County. His family had been prominent since early colonial days when William Stone had served as governor a hundred years before his birth. His parents were David and Elizabeth (Jenifer) Stone. His elder brothers included Thomas (who signed the Declaration of Independence) and Michael (who represented Maryland in the U.S. Congress).[1] The Jenifer family was of Swedish origin.[2][3][4]
John had been baptized in the Anglican Church. After the split caused by the revolution he was an active Episcopalian. He married Anne Couden in February 1781, and the couple would have six children, five of whom lived to adulthood: Couden, Anne, Elizabeth, Robert Couden, and Thomas.
Revolutionary War
editIn 1775, Stone joined the newly organized Maryland Battalion led by Colonel William Smallwood as a lieutenant. He was soon promoted to captain of the battalion's first company. The battalion became part of the 1st Maryland Regiment of the Continental Army, and went north to fight in the war. They fought in the Battles of Brooklyn (where Captain Stone was especially distinguished) and White Plains. Then, in late 1776, when Smallwood was promoted to Brigadier General, Stone became the Lieutenant Colonel of the regiment.
When the Continental Line was re-organized early in 1777, General Smallwood had earned additional responsibility as a brigade commander. Stone was made Colonel and commander of the 1st Maryland. He led the regiment in the Battles of Princeton, Brandywine, and Germantown. He was wounded at Germantown and as a result was lame for the rest of his life.
Colonel Stone was back in active command by the Battle of Monmouth. His unit was active in the continuing defense of New Jersey. His career ended when he was wounded again in the Battle of Stony Point on July 14, 1779. This time his wounds were more serious and he resigned his commission on August 1.
Political career
editStone returned home to Maryland and was made a member of the state's Executive Council where he served from 1779 until 1785. He was admitted as an original member of The Society of the Cincinnati of Maryland when it was established in 1783,[5] later serving as the vice president (1792-1795) and president (1795-1804) of the Maryland Society.[6] Charles County elected him to the Maryland House of Delegates in 1785, returning annually until 1787, and again in 1790. Stone then returned to the State Council in 1791 and 1792.
Stone was elected to a single three-year term as Governor of Maryland from 1794 to 1797, before returning to private life. He died in 1804 in Annapolis, Maryland, at the age of 55, and was buried there.
References
edit- ^ Newman, Harry Wright (1937). The Stones of Poynton Manor: a Genealogical History of Captain William Stone, gent. and Merchant, Third Proprietary Governor of Maryland, with Sketches of His English Background and a Record of Some of His Descendants in the United States. pp. 20–30.
- ^ Knorr, Lawrence; Farley, Joe; Farrell, Joe (December 5, 2018). Graves of Our Founders: Their Lives, Contributions, and Burial Sites. Sunbury Press, Inc. ISBN 978-1-62006-176-3.
- ^ Congress, United States (1959). Congressional Record: Proceedings and Debates of the ... Congress. U.S. Government Printing Office.
- ^ Shellhorn, Richard Carl (June 12, 2018). A Guide to the Formation of the Constitution. Christian Faith Publishing, Inc. ISBN 978-1-64191-703-2.
- ^ Metcalf, Bryce (1938). Original Members and Other Officers Eligible to the Society of the Cincinnati, 1783-1938: With the Institution, Rules of Admission, and Lists of the Officers of the General and State Societies Strasburg, VA: Shenandoah Publishing House, Inc., p. 299.
- ^ Metcalf, p. 22.