John I. De Graff

John Isaac De Graff (October 2, 1783 – July 26, 1848) was an American businessman and politician who served two non-consecutive term as a U.S. Representative from New York 1827 to 1829, and again from 1837 to 1839.

John I. De Graff
Mayor of Schenectady
In office 1845–1846
In office 1842–1843
Member of the United States House of Representatives from New York
In office March 4, 1837 – March 3, 1839
Preceded by	John Cramer
Succeeded by	Anson Brown
Constituency	11th district
In office March 4, 1827 – March 3, 1829
Preceded by	William Dietz
Succeeded by	Peter I. Borst
Constituency	12th district
Mayor of Schenectady
In office 1836–1837
In office 1832–1835
Personal details
Born	(1783-10-02)October 2, 1783 Schenectady, New York
Died	July 26, 1848(1848-07-26) (aged 64) Schenectady, New York
Political party	Jacksonian Democratic
Education	Union College
Military service
Allegiance	New York
Branch/service	New York militia
Years of service	early 1800s
Rank	Ensign
Unit	Schenectady regiment

Biography

De Graff was born in Schenectady, New York, the son of American Revolution veteran Judge Isaac DeGraff and Susanna Van Epps, and he attended the common schools and the Schenectady Academy, a school operated by Schenectady's Dutch Reformed Church. He engaged in mercantile pursuits and banking in Schenectady, and his firm prospered, maintaining offices in London and Paris. He was also a successful real estate investor and landlord, and owned several houses, farms, commercial buildings and pastures in and around Schenectady.

Militia

In the early 1800s De Graff served in the militia, and was appointed an Ensign in the Schenectady regiment commanded by Jacob Swits.

He attended Union College in 1811, and was a member of Phi Beta Kappa.

War of 1812

He played a key role in the War of 1812 by lending the government money to use in equipping a naval fleet. He pledged both private funds and his personal credit to the amount of $100,000 (about $1.1 million in 2015), and with this financing Thomas Macdonough was able to build and outfit the ships he used to defeat the British at the Battle of Plattsburgh. Due to the depreciation of the treasury notes with which he was repaid, De Graff lost about $30,000 (about $330,000 in 2015) in aiding the war effort.

Political career

De Graff was elected as a Jacksonian to the Twentieth Congress (March 4, 1827 – March 3, 1829).

He served as mayor of Schenectady from 1832 to 1835 and again from 1836 to 1837. In 1834 De Graff became the first popularly elected Mayor, because prior holders of the office had been appointed by the city council.

In 1837 De Graff was one of the incorporators of the Schenectady Lyceum and Academy, a boarding school for boys, and he served on its original board of trustees. As Mayor he oversaw the setting aside of land for and construction of a school for African Americans, and as President of Schenectady's school trustees in the 1840s he included details on Schenectady's African School in his annual report to the state superintendent of common schools.

De Graff was elected as a Democrat to the Twenty-fifth Congress (March 4, 1837 – March 3, 1839).

He was not a candidate for renomination, and declined appointment as Secretary of the Treasury in the administration of Martin Van Buren. He resumed his business activities, and was interested in the building of the Mohawk & Hudson Railroad, of which he was the first President.

In 1840 De Graff was a candidate for the New York State Assembly. He appeared to be defeated on election day, but contested the results. He presented evidence to support his charge that the ballots of Schenectady's second ward had been tampered with, and that the fraud was sufficient to have affected the outcome, but the Assembly voted to seat Theodore W. Sanders, the Whig nominee.

He again served as mayor of Schenectady from 1842 to 1843 and 1845 to 1846.

Later career and death

He engaged in banking and business ventures until his death. He never married, and he died in Schenectady on July 26, 1848. He was interred in Vale Cemetery.

References

• United States Congress. "John I. De Graff (id: D000193)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.

 This article incorporates public domain material from the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress