John Josiah Guest

Sir Josiah John Guest, 1st Baronet (2 February 1785 – 26 November 1852), known as John Josiah Guest, was a British engineer, entrepreneur and politician.

Sir John Josiah Guest Bt FRS
Member of Parliament for Merthyr Tydfil
In office 1832–1852
Preceded by	Office created
Succeeded by	Henry Bruce
Personal details
Born	Josiah John Guest (1785-02-02)2 February 1785 Dowlais, Merthyr Tydfil, Wales
Died	26 November 1852(1852-11-26) (aged 67)
Resting place	St John's Church, Dowlais
Spouse(s)	Maria Rankin Lady Charlotte Bertie
Children	Charlotte Maria Du Cane Ivor Bertie Guest, 1st Baron Wimborne Katharine Gwladys Alderson Thomas Merthyr Guest Montague John Guest Augustus Frederick Guest Arthur Edward Guest Mary Enid Evelyn, Lady Layard Constance Rhiannon Eliot Blanche Vere Ponsonby, Countess of Bessborough
Parents	Thomas Guest (father) Jemima Revel Phillips (mother)
Occupation	Businessman

Early life

Guest was born on 2 February 1785 in Dowlais, Merthyr Tydfil, Wales. He was the son of Thomas Guest, a partner in the Dowlais Iron Company, and Jemima Revel Phillips. Guest was educated at Bridgnorth Grammar School and Monmouth School.

Career

After attending school, he learned the trade of ironmaking in his father's foundry at the hands of the works manager, John Evans. Guest was renowned for his ability to roll a bar of steel or cut a tram of coal as well as any of his father's workmen. Upon his father's death in 1807, Guest inherited his father's share of the company and developed the business, becoming sole owner of the works in 1815. By the time of his death in 1852, the Dowlais Iron Company had become the largest producer of iron in the world.

Guest was elected in 1825 as Member of Parliament for Honiton, Devon, holding the seat until the 1831 general election during the Reform Crisis. In 1832 he became the first MP for Merthyr Tydfil as a Whig, and in 1837 he launched the campaign to have the town incorporated.

In 1838, Guest was created a baronet, of Dowlais in the County of Glamorgan. After his death in 1852, Guest was succeeded by his eldest son, who was elevated to the peerage in 1880 as Baron Wimborne, of Canford Magna in the County of Dorset, on Disraeli's initiative.

Philanthropy

His public works included a school at Dowlais, designed by Sir Charles Barry. Guest was a Fellow of the Royal Society and a Member of the Institution of Civil Engineers. He was the first chairman of the Taff Vale Railway.

Upon his purchase of Canford Manor in 1846, Guest set in motion the process of building new estate cottages for workers on the estate to improve living conditions. Although the first was built after his death, his wife, Charlotte Guest, and daughter-in-law oversaw the building of these 'Lady Wimborne Cottages.'

Freemasonry

In August 1840, Guest was appointed Master of Loyal Cambrian Lodge, No. 110 in Merthyr Tydfil.

Personal life

Guest family tree

On 11 March 1817, Guest married Maria Rankin but their marriage was short-lived, Maria dying just nine months later in January 1818. On 29 July 1833, he subsequently married Lady Charlotte Elizabeth Bertie, daughter of Albemarle Bertie, 9th Earl of Lindsey.

Together, they had five sons and five daughters, including:

• Charlotte Maria Guest (1834–1902), who married Richard Du Cane (d. 1904), brother of Edmund Frederick Du Cane.
• Ivor Bertie Guest (1835–1914), who married Lady Cornelia Henrietta Maria Spencer-Churchill (1847–1927), daughter of John Spencer-Churchill, 7th Duke of Marlborough
• Katharine Gwladys Guest (1837–1926), who married the Reverend Frederick Cecil Alderson (d. 1907), son of Sir Edward Hall Alderson
• Thomas Merthyr Guest (1838–1904), who married the writer Lady Theodora Grosvenor (1840–1924), daughter of Richard Grosvenor, 2nd Marquess of Westminster
• Montague John Guest (1839–1909), a Liberal politician, who never married.
• Augustus Frederick Guest (1840–1862), who died aged 21.
• Arthur Edward Guest (1841–1898), a Conservative politician, who married Adeline Mary Chapman (d. 1931)
• Mary Enid Evelyn Guest (1843–1912), who married Sir Austen Henry Layard (1817–1894).
• Constance Rhiannon Guest (1844–1916), who married Hon. Charles George Cornwallis Eliot (1839–1901), youngest son of Edward Eliot, 3rd Earl of St Germans
• Blanche Vere Guest (1847–1919), who married Edward Ponsonby, 8th Earl of Bessborough (1851–1920).

Guest died in 1852 and was buried in an iron coffin under a red granite slab in the local St John's Church, which had been built for him in 1827.

After his death, his widow married Charles Schreiber (1826–1884) in 1855. Schreiber was an academic who had been Ivor's tutor in 1852. He was known for being a fine arts collector and Conservative Party politician who sat in the House of Commons between 1865 and 1884.

Descendants

Main article: Guest family

Among his many grandchildren were: Edward Ponsonby, the 8th Earl of Bessborough, brothers Granville (1867–1942) and Montague Eliot (1870–1960), who became the 7th and 8th Earls of St Germans, respectively. There was also Frances Guest (1869–1957), known as Lady Chelmsford, who married Frederic Thesiger, 1st Viscount Chelmsford, who served as Viceroy of India, Ivor Churchill Guest (1873–1939), who became 1st Viscount Wimborne, Christian Henry Charles Guest (1874–1957), a Liberal Member of Parliament "MP", Frederick "Freddie" Edward Guest (1875–1937), another Liberal MP, and Oscar Montague Guest (1888–1958), who was both a Liberal, and later, a Conservative MP.

References

Notes

Sources

• Obituaries:
  • Gentleman's Magazine, 2nd ser., 39 (1853), 91–2
  • The Times, 9 December 1852
• Davies, P. M. (2007). "Sir Josiah John Guest, Bart., M.P. Provincial Grand Master of South Wales (1836–48)". Province of South Wales Eastern Division Feature. United Grand Lodge of Antient, Free and Accepted Masons of England. Archived from the original on 28 September 2007. Retrieved 26 August 2007.
• Evans, L. W. (1955–56). "Sir John and Lady Charlotte Guest's educational scheme at Dowlais in the mid-nineteenth century". National Library of Wales Journal. 9: 265–86.
• Gillham, C. L. (1972) "The politics of Sir John Guest, 1825–1852", MA dissertation, University of Wales
• John, A. V. (2004) "Guest, Sir (Josiah) John, first baronet (1785–1852)", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, accessed 25 August 2007 (subscription or UK public library membership required).
• Jones, E (1987). A History of GKN Volume 1: Innovation and Enterprise 1759–1918. London: Macmillan. ISBN 0-333-34594-0.
• Owen, J. A. (1977). The History of the Dowlais Iron Works 1759–1970. Newport: Starling Press. ISBN 0-903434-27-X.
• Price, W. W. (1959). "GUEST family, iron-masters, coal owners, etc.". Dictionary of Welsh Biography. National Library of Wales. Retrieved 26 August 2007.
• Vaughan, C. Maxwell (1975). Pioneers of Welsh Steel: Dowlais to Llanwern. Newport: Starling Press. ISBN 0-903434-08-3.

Further reading

• Owens, Victoria (2022). Lady Charlotte Guest: The Exceptional Life of a Female Industrialist. Barnsley: Pen & Sword. ISBN 978-1-5267-6881-0.

External links

• Hansard 1803–2005: contributions in Parliament by Josiah Guest
• "History". This is GKN. GKN plc. Archived from the original on 18 August 2007. Retrieved 25 August 2007.