John Letcher Chapin (March 15, 1913 – January 22, 1944) was an American soldier who served as a captain in the United States Army during World War II. He was born and raised in El Paso, Texas. He earned a degree in chemical engineering from Texas A&M University, worked at the El Paso Post Office, and was soon recruited by a Texas Army National Guard unit.
John L. Chapin | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | March 15, 1913 El Paso, Texas, U.S. |
| Died | January 22, 1944 (aged 30) Gari River, Italy |
| Buried | |
| Allegiance | United States |
| Branch | United States Army |
| Rank | Captain |
| Commands | Company E, 141st Infantry Regiment, 36th Division |
| Battles / wars |
|
| Awards | |
| Alma mater | Texas A&M University |
Chapin became the commander of a company during World War II and declined multiple promotions to remain with his men. He was injured in the Battle of San Pietro Infine but refused to return home, dying in the Battle of Rapido River while trying to break through the Winter Line in Italy on January 22, 1944. He is buried in Italy and memorialized in Captain John L. Chapin High School in El Paso.
Early and personal life
editJohn Letcher Chapin was born on March 15, 1913, in El Paso, Texas. He attended grade school and high school in the El Paso Independent School District and Ysleta ISD,[1][2] graduating from Ysleta High School.[3] Chapin earned his degree in chemical engineering at Texas A&M University in 1936.[4][5]
At the age of nine years, Chapin met Velma Perkins, whom he married on April 21, 1937. They had a son named Paul on December 27, 1938.[2] Chapin worked at the El Paso Post Office[4][6] and planned to attend medical school prior to joining the military.[7]
Military career
editA Texas Army National Guard unit approached Chapin about becoming their chemical warfare officer with his degree,[2] and he chose to join the Infantry Branch instead.[8] He only planned to stay in the unit for a year, but his company was activated in November 1940 as Company E, 141st Infantry Regiment, 36th Division.[7]
While in training, Chapin was promoted and assumed control of the company. He was respected by its members due to his skill and fairness. However, Chapin declined five promotions to the rank of major to stay with his company.[1] Most of his company members were Hispanic and non-English speakers, and Chapin, who spoke Spanish fluently,[8] believed leaving his company could bring a non-Spanish-speaking captain who would mistreat the soldiers.[9] Another particular example of Chapin's perceived devotion to his soldiers is his unit's boycott of a burger restaurant in El Paso. The restaurant's business manager displayed a sign refusing service to Black and Mexican people, which led to a boycott from the entire unit and a US$500 fine for discrimination.[8][9]
Company E was stationed at various locations across the United States, while Chapin's family eventually chose to settle in California.[1]
On December 12, 1942, Chapin departed on a train to the front line in Europe during World War II. He fought at Salerno and San Pietro Infine, where he was severely injured and refused to return home in order to stay with his company. He was killed by German machine gun fire on January 22, 1944, while trying to break through the Winter Line in Italy during the Battle of Rapido River,[1][10][11][12][13] which occurred on the Gari River.[14] His body was found in a foxhole and he was posthumously awarded a Silver Star for his courage and devotion.[15] Only 27 of the 145 present soldiers of Company E survived the battle.[8][9]
Velma did not learn of Chapin's death until February 22, 1944, exactly a full month after he died.[2] His body is buried at the Sicily–Rome American Cemetery and Memorial in Nettuno, Italy,[16] and his gravestone displays the letters "KIA" to symbolize that he was killed in action defending the United States.[2]
Legacy
edit
His legacy is memorialized in the name of Captain John L. Chapin High School in El Paso, which was dedicated in 2001. The committee to decide the name for the new school initially planned to use the name of a local Hispanic war hero, but spoke with many living members of Company E, who insisted on Chapin's name instead. They cited Chapin's selflessness, refusal to accept promotions, and respect for the people he led.[1]
Company E as a whole is remembered through historical books such as Patriots from the Barrio,[17] which Wilmer Valderrama and WM Entertainment have acquired film and television rights to,[18] and The Men of Company E.[19]
References
edit- ^ a b c d e Larson, Robert. "Those who came before... Capt. John L. Chapin". Fort Bliss Bugle. Archived from the original on January 11, 2015. Retrieved March 1, 2022.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) - ^ a b c d e Wever, Dan. "John L. Chapin". Texas Military Forces Museum. Archived from the original on October 21, 2016. Retrieved March 1, 2022.
- ^ Reveles Acosta, Gustavo (October 20, 2000). "Soldier's belongings donated to school". El Paso Times. p. 13. ISSN 0746-3588. OCLC 9978389. Archived from the original on March 3, 2022. Retrieved March 1, 2022.
- ^ a b "EP Man Killed On Italian Battle Front". El Paso Times. February 24, 1944. p. 1. ISSN 0746-3588. OCLC 9978389. Archived from the original on March 3, 2022. Retrieved March 1, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "Capt. John Chapin Killed in Action". El Paso Herald-Post. February 24, 1944. p. 7. ISSN 0746-360X. OCLC 61313505. Archived from the original on March 3, 2022. Retrieved March 1, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ Edgren, Charlie (September 5, 1994). "Wristwatch takes widow back half-century in time". El Paso Herald-Post. p. 9. ISSN 0746-360X. OCLC 61313505. Archived from the original on March 3, 2022. Retrieved March 1, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ a b Babcock, Chris (January 20, 2020). "Video+Story: Italians honor Captain Chapin, Company E for heroism at Battle of Rapido River". El Paso Herald-Post. ISSN 0746-360X. OCLC 61313505. Archived from the original on May 9, 2021. Retrieved March 2, 2022.
- ^ a b c d Rodriguez, Jorge (January 1, 2010). A History of El Paso's Company E in World War II (Master of Arts thesis). University of Texas at El Paso. Archived from the original on June 5, 2020. Retrieved March 2, 2022.
- ^ a b c Manrique, Jenny (June 20, 2018). "A writer pays homage to Texas' Mexican-American heroes of WWII". The Dallas Morning News. ISSN 1553-846X. OCLC 1035116631. Archived from the original on January 22, 2021. Retrieved March 2, 2022.
- ^ Atkinson, Rick (2008). The Day of Battle. Henry Holt and Company. p. 344. ISBN 978-0-805088-61-8. OCLC 698976739. Archived from the original on March 3, 2022. Retrieved March 2, 2022.
- ^ Gutierrez, Dave (January 19, 2019). "In The Dark Shadows Of History – Nightmare At The Rapido". War History Online. Archived from the original on April 11, 2021. Retrieved March 2, 2022.
- ^ Martinez, Victor R. (June 4, 2015). "Men of Company E honored for bravery in WWII". El Paso Times. Archived from the original on March 7, 2022. Retrieved March 3, 2022.
- ^ Dethloff, Henry C. (2008). Texas Aggies go to war: in service of their country (Expanded ed.). College Station: Texas A & M University Press. pp. 147–148. ISBN 9781603440776. Retrieved March 13, 2022.
- ^ Petrucci, Giovanni. "1944: la battaglia di S. Angelo in Theodice e la confusione tra i fiumi Rapido e Gari". Studi Cassinati (in Italian). Archived from the original on November 17, 2015. Retrieved March 3, 2022.
- ^ "Silver Star Awarded El Paso War Heroes". El Paso Herald-Post. July 19, 1944. pp. 1, 10. ISSN 0746-360X. OCLC 61313505 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "John L Chapin". Honor States. Crafted Knowledge. Archived from the original on March 3, 2022. Retrieved March 2, 2022.
- ^ "Author invited to tell story of El Paso's 'Company E' at National WWII Museum". El Paso Herald-Post. February 22, 2020. Archived from the original on March 3, 2022. Retrieved March 3, 2022.
- ^ Hipes, Patrick (September 29, 2017). "Wilmer Valderrama Snags Rights To WWII Book 'Patriots From The Barrio'". Deadline Hollywood. Archived from the original on March 2, 2022. Retrieved March 3, 2022.
- ^ Castillo, Juan (August 20, 2015). "Author: 'Slap in the Face' that Chicano WWII Soldiers Forgotten". NBC News. Archived from the original on March 3, 2022. Retrieved March 3, 2022.
