John Park Finley (April 11, 1854 – November 24, 1943) was an American meteorologist and Army Signal Service officer who was the first person to study tornadoes intensively and pioneer tornado forecasting. He also wrote the first known book on the subject as well as many other manuals and booklets, collected vast climatological data, set up a nationwide weather observer network, started one of the first private weather enterprises, and opened an early aviation weather school.[1][2][3][4]
John Park Finley | |
|---|---|
 Finley in 1913 | |
| Born | April 11, 1854 |
| Died | November 24, 1943 (aged 89) Battle Creek, Michigan, US |
| Known for | Tornado research |
Biography
editJohn Park Finley was born on April 11, 1854, in Ann Arbor, Michigan. In the late 1860s into the early 1870s, he attended Michigan State Agricultural and Mechanical College, now Michigan State University. He graduated with a Bachelors in Science in 1873, specializing in climate impacts on agriculture. In 1877, he enlisted in US Army Signal Service, and was subsequently assigned to the Philadelphia, Pennsylvania signal office, where he kindled an interest in severe weather and tornadoes. Finley was soon stationed in Washington, where he was frequently ordered by the service to survey nearby tornado damage.[5] In subsequent years, Finley authored several books, including his Tornadoes: What They Are and How To Observe Them. He died on November 24, 1943, in Battle Creek, Michigan.
Selected works
editThe University of Oklahoma holds a large collection of Finley's publications. Here are some selected works, which may or may not be contained in said collection:
- John P. Finley (1881). The tornadoes of May 29 and 30, 1879, In Kansas, Nebraska, Missouri, and Iowa. Prof. Paper No. 4, U.S. Signal Service.
- John P. Finley, WB Hazen (1884). Charts of Relative Storm Frequency for a Portion of the Northern Hemisphere. U.S. Army Signal Office.
- John P. Finley (1884). Tornado predictions. American Meteorological Journal, 1, 85-8
- John P. Finley (1884). Report of the character of six hundred tornadoes. Prof. Paper No. 7, U.S. Signal Service, 116 pp.
- John P. Finley (1884). The Special Characteristics of Tornadoes, With Practical Directions for the Protection of Life and Property, 19pp.
- John P. Finley (1887). Tornadoes: What They Are and How to Observe Them. Insurance Monitor Press, New York, 196 pp.
- John P. Finley (1888). Tornadoes: What They Are, and How to Escape Them, 90pp.
- John P. Finley (1889). State Tornado Charts. Amer. Meteor. J., 5.
- John P. Finley (1888). Iowa Tornadoes for 51 Years, 1837-1887, 10pp.
- John P. Finley (1888). The Tornadoes of Illinois for 54 Years, 1835-1887, 12pp.
- John P. Finley (1888). Kansas Tornadoes for 29 Years, 1859-1887, 12pp.
- John P. Finley (1893). Certain Climatic Features of the Two Dakotas, 192pp.
See also
edit- Johannes Letzmann, tornado researcher
References
edit- ^ Galway, Joseph G.; Tim Marshall (2000). "A Tribute to John Park Finley". Storm Track. 23 (6): 2–10.
- ^ Galway, Joseph G. (Dec 1985). "J.P. Finely: The First Severe Storms Forecaster". Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. 66 (12): 1506–10. Bibcode:1985BAMS...66.1506G. doi:10.1175/1520-0477(1985)066<1506:JFTFSS>2.0.CO;2.
- ^ Bradford, Marlene (Aug 1999). "Historical Roots of Modern Tornado Forecasts and Warnings". Weather Forecast. 14 (4): 484–91. Bibcode:1999WtFor..14..484B. doi:10.1175/1520-0434(1999)014<0484:HROMTF>2.0.CO;2.
- ^ Grazulis, Thomas P. (Jul 1993). Significant Tornadoes 1680–1991: A Chronology and Analysis of Events. St. Johnsbury, VT: The Tornado Project of Environmental Films. pp. 195–96. ISBN 1-879362-03-1.
- ^ http://www.islandnet.com/~see/weather/almanac/arc2008/alm08may.htm
Further reading
edit- Murphy, Allan H. (March 1996). "The Finley Affair: A Signal Event in the History of Forecast Verification". Weather Forecast. 11 (1): 3–20. Bibcode:1996WtFor..11....3M. doi:10.1175/1520-0434(1996)011<0003:TFAASE>2.0.CO;2.
- Galway, Joseph G. (Sep–Oct 2000). "John Finley, The First Severe Storms Forecaster". Storm Track. 23 (6). Texas: 2–4.
- Galway, Joseph G. NOAA Tech Memorandum ERL-NSSL-97.
- Marshall, Tim (Sep–Oct 2000). "John Finley's First Tornado Damage Survey". Storm Track. 23 (6). Texas: 5–10.
External links
edit
- John Park Finley: Early Tornado Forecasts (Bio by Keith C. Heidorn)