John Tinker (1700–1758) was an early Colonial official who served the Royal African Company on the Gold Coast, was an Agent for the South Sea Company in Portobello, and was Royal Governor of the Bahama Islands from 1741 to 1758.
John Tinker | |
|---|---|
| Governor of the Bahama Islands | |
| Reign | 1741 – 1758 |
| Born | 30 July 1700 Westminster, England |
| Died | 10 July 1758 (aged 57–58) Nassau, Bahamas |
| Buried | Nassau, Bahamas |
| Occupation | Governor of the Bahamas |
Early life
editJohn Tinker was born and baptised on 30 July 1700 to parents Jeremiah and Hannah[1] at St Martin-in-the-Fields, Westminster. His grandfather was Captain John Tinker,[2] Master Attendant of the King's Yard at Deptford[3] who commanded the Coverdine during the reign of Charles II.[4]
Career
editIn 1722 John served as governor of the Cape Coast Castle, a trading post of the Royal African Company which traded principally in gold and slaves.[5] In 1724 he was joined on the Gold Coast by his brother Jeremiah[6] who was based close by at Whydah[7] and also by Nathaniel Rice (later to be a relative). He remained there until 1726, when both Tinker and Rice returned to England.[8]
Panama
editBy 1730, Tinker had been appointed Chief of the Panama Factory at Portobello for the South Sea Company, where he was responsible for organising the import of slaves under the Asiento de Negros agreement reached at the 1713 Treaty of Utrecht.[9] He was in post throughout the 1730s, although it seems unlikely his family joined him in Panama as his sons were at school in England and his wife Isabella was residing in London.[10]
In 1738[11] it was announced that he was to be the next Governor of the Bahamas so it is likely he had left Portobello before Admiral Vernon captured it, but he was still involved in its affairs, as in 1739, when the Board of Trade was considering ways to prevent the Spanish from exporting from their silver mines in Peru and Mexico, both Tinker and his father-in-law Martin Bladen[12] suggested locating a military base at Darien on the Isthmus of Panama. Vernon rejected this idea as the location was too isolated and would need to be garrisoned.[13]
Bahamas
editTinker did not arrive in post until April 1741[14] and his first priority was strengthening the island's military defences by building Fort Montagu at the entrance to Nassau Harbour, which was accomplished within the first year, and also a small battery nearby which he called Bladen's Battery (named for his son). When funds for fortifications ran low and Bahamians were taxed to raise money, he had difficulties with his Assembly. They were unhappy with the new taxation and stopped his salary and so he dissolved the Assembly.
Despite these difficulties and war with Spain and France, privateers in Nassau seized enemy ships and the whole economy shared in prize money from the vessels. In fact, so many Bahamians were involved in privateering that traditional industries like agriculture were neglected.[15] Tinker had found it difficult to eradicate privateering or entice new settlers as the cost of living was high and the currency was in a poor state. Most of the difficulties he encountered he tended to blame on the people he governed, rather than his own ability to govern.
Freemasons
editTinker had joined the Freemasons in London in 1730 and, in 1755, he made the long journey from New Providence to Philadelphia to attend the greatest procession of Masons ever seen in America at the inauguration of a new Lodge. Tinker, along with Benjamin Franklin and son William Franklin were at the head of a procession of 160 Masons in full regalia through the streets led by a sword bearer and which was accompanied by peals of bells and the firing of cannons from a nearby ship.[16]
Personal life
editOn 6 February 1727/28 he married Isabella Bladen, the daughter of Martin Bladen a senior commissioner at the Board of Trade[17] and he received a generous marriage settlement.[18] They had two sons, Captain John Bladen Tinker (1728–1767) and Jeremiah Tinker (1730–1795).
John Tinker later lived in the Bahamas separately from wife Isabella, who remained in London, and he had a second family in the Bahamas with Sophia Trigge (who later became the wife of Tinker's secretary John Snow).[19]
John Tinker died in the Bahamas on 10 July 1758.[20]
References
edit- ^ Westminster Archives: St Martin-in-the-Fields, 30 July 1700
- ^ TNA: PROB 11/356 Will of Admiral Tinker: written March 1676, probate April 1678
- ^ Letters of Samuel Pepys 1633-1703
- ^ Calendar of State Papers, domestic series of the reign of Charles II
- ^ African Historical Studies 1, 2 (1968) English Chief Factors on the Gold Coast 1632-1753 by R Porter
- ^ Death: "At Cape Coast Castle in Africa, Jeremiah Tinker Esq., Governor of the said Fort: The Historical Register containing an Impartial Relation of all transactions, foreign and domestick with a chronological diary of all the remarkable occurrences." Volume 23, p15. 1738
- ^ The Political State of Great Britain, Volume 34, p613. 1727
- ^ Documents Illustrative of the History of the Slave Trade to America: The Eighteenth Century. Elizabeth Donnan
- ^ The Secret History of the Late Directors of the South Seas Company by David Templeman, pp24-27 show him corresponding with the Directors in 1730 and 1734
- ^ Westminster Rate Books show Tinker paid rent on London property throughout the 1730s - likely to be for his wife Isabella
- ^ The Historical Register: containing an impartial relation of all transactions foreign and domestic: for the year 1738. Volume 23 Treasury Books and Papers - August 1739, Volume 4 pp259-266
- ^ 'Martin Bladen: A Biography' by Karen Proudler ISBN 978-0-9566831-5-1 and 'Early Yorkshire Bladens' by Karen Proudler ISBN 978-0-9566831-6-8
- ^ The Navy in the War of 1739-48 by Sir Herbert William Richmond
- ^ Memoirs of Peter Henry Bruce, a military officer in the services of Prussia, Russia and Great Britain containing an account of his travels in Germany, Russia, Tartary, Turkey, The West Indies etc as also several very interesting private anecdotes of the Czar, Peter I of Russia. Printed Dublin. 1783
- ^ Islanders in the Stream: A History of the Bahamian People. Volume 2: From Aboriginal Times to the End of Slavery. By Michael Craton, Gail Saunders
- ^ The Life of Benjamin Franklin: soldier, scientist and politician 1748-57. Volume 3 by Joseph A Leo Lemay. 2009
- ^ RG7 / Piece 828 / Folio 3 Fleet Notebooks. Clandestine Marriages: Isabella Bladin and John Tinker, 6 February 1727/8. Officiating Ministers: Floud, Ryder, Crawford, Evans
- ^ TNA: C12/74/99 Tinker v Bladen 1773
- ^ Will of John Tinker, dated 1754: http://cms.nottinghamshire.gov.uk/johntinkerswill.pdf
- ^ More Monumental Inscriptions of the British West Indies by Vere Langford Oliver