John Joseph Hayes (April 10, 1886 – August 25, 1965) was an American athlete, a member of the Irish American Athletic Club, and winner of the marathon race at the 1908 Summer Olympics. Hayes' Olympic victory contributed to the early growth of long-distance running and marathoning in the United States.[3][4] He was also the first man to win a marathon at the now official standard distance of 26 miles 385 yards when Olympic officials lengthened the distance to put the finish line in front of the Royal Box (the 1896 and 1904 Olympic marathons had been less than 25 miles long).[5]
 Johnny Hayes in 1908 | ||||||||||||
| Personal information | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Birth name | John Joseph Hayes | |||||||||||
| Born | April 10, 1886 New York City, New York, U.S. | |||||||||||
| Died | August 25, 1965 (aged 79) Englewood, New Jersey, U.S. | |||||||||||
| Height | 1.62 m (5 ft 4 in) | |||||||||||
| Weight | 55 kg (121 lb) | |||||||||||
| Sport | ||||||||||||
| Sport | Athletics | |||||||||||
| Event | Marathon | |||||||||||
| Club | I-AAC, Queens | |||||||||||
| Achievements and titles | ||||||||||||
| Personal best | Marathon – 2:26:04 (1908) (at 24 mile distance)[1][2] | |||||||||||
Medal record
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Biography
editBorn in New York City to a family of Irish emigrants (from Nenagh in County Tipperary), Johnny Hayes is probably best known for winning the controversial marathon race at the London Olympics. Hayes is one of only three male American athletes to win the Olympic Marathon, (the other two being Thomas Hicks in 1904 and Frank Shorter in 1972).
In 1905, he joined Bloomingdale Brothers as an assistant to the manager of the sporting goods department. At night, he trained on a cinder track on the roof of the Bloomingdales building in New York. He was promoted to manager of the department after returning from his Olympic victory.[6]
Hayes started his athletics career with a fifth-place finish at the 1906 Boston Marathon, running for the St. Bartholemew Athletic Club in a time of 2:55:38.[7] He improved on that the following year by finishing third in Boston with a time of 2:30:38 and winning the inaugural Yonkers Marathon.[1][8] In 1908 he finished second, 21 seconds behind Thomas Morrissey in the Boston Marathon with a time of 2:26:04 and thus qualified for the Olympic Games held in London that same year.[9]
The British Olympic Association wanted to start the race in front of Windsor Castle and finish in front of the royal reviewing stand at the White City Stadium. As a result, the distance was 26 miles and 385 yards (42.195 km). It took until 1921 for the IAAF to codify that distance as the official length of the marathon. Prior to this, races were usually about 25 miles (40 km). he died in 1965.
1908 Olympic victory
editAt the race itself, Dorando Pietri from Italy was the first to enter the stadium. But Pietri had depleted himself to open a more than 10 minute lead over the field and was suffering extreme fatigue and dehydration. When he entered the stadium, he took the wrong path, and when umpires redirected him, he fell down for the first time. He got up with their help in front of 75,000 spectators.
Pietri fell four more times, and each time, the umpires helped him up. He managed to finish the race first, with a time of 2h 54min 46s. During all these stumbles and the direct aid from the officials, Hayes had now entered the stadium, finishing the race second, with a time of 2h 55min 18s.
Pietri was disqualified after the US officials filed a protest. Despite the official result, Pietri achieved much more fame than Hayes when Queen Alexandra awarded him a special silver cup.[1]
All of the Olympic officials were British, and the Pietri incident joined a list of other controversial calls in the 1908 Olympics, prompting the International Olympic Committee to start appointing judges from a wide variety of countries instead of only the host country.
After the dramatic Olympic battle between Pietri and Hayes, public interest was such that a match race was organized by professional promoters in November 1908 at Madison Square Garden. Pietri won the race by 75 yards. A second match race was held on March 15, 1909, and again Pietri won. Both Pietri and Hayes turned professional after the Olympics and achieved great fame.[1]
Hayes was a trainer for the US 1912 Olympic team. He later taught physical education and was a food broker. Johnny Hayes died in Englewood, New Jersey.[1]
The Shore Athletic Club of New Jersey (Shore AC) holds the Johnny Hayes collection as lifetime trustees. Included in the collection are numerous trophies, as well as the 1908 Olympic gold medal for the marathon. This represents the first Olympic gold medal to be won at the modern marathon distance of 26 miles, 385 yards.
Johnny Hayes was a guest on the television show I've Got a Secret as one of five former Olympic champions, which aired on October 13, 1954. [10]
In 2002, three statues honoring Olympic champions with links to Nenagh, Matt McGrath, Johnny Hayes and Bob Tisdall, were unveiled in front of the Nenagh Courthouse.[11]
See also
editReferences
edit- Specific
- ^ a b c d e Johnny Hayes. sports-reference.com
- ^ John Hayes. trackfield.brinkster.net
- ^ "Track and Field Athletics". The World 1910 Almanac and Encyclopedia. New York: Press Publishing Company. 1909. pp. 384–385.
- ^ Whorton, James C. (1992). ""Athlete's Heart": The Medical Debate over Athleticism, 1870–1920". In Berryman, Jack W.; Park, Robert J. (eds.). Sport and Exercise Science: Essays in the History of Sports Medicine. University of Illinois Press. p. 127. ISBN 9780252062421.
- ^ "Johnny Hayes". Olympedia. Retrieved 8 March 2021.
- ^ New York Times: 25 July 1908.
- ^ 1910 Mecca Cigarettes Champion Athlete and Prize Fighter Series trading card. wingedfist.com
- ^ Cooper, Pamela (1999). "The New York City Marathon Culture". The American Marathon. Syracuse, New York: Syracuse University Press. ISBN 9780815605737.
- ^ 2008 Boston Marathon Media Guide.
- ^ "I've Got a Secret (10/13/1954) Boris Karloff". YouTube. Retrieved 2019-11-15.[dead YouTube link]
- ^ "By Peter Gleeson". New Ross Standard. 5 September 2002. Retrieved 16 November 2019.
- General
- Boston Athletic Association (21 April 2008). 2008 Boston Marathon Media Guide (PDF). Boston: Boston Athletic Association / John Hancock. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 May 2011. Retrieved 2009-01-04.
- Cook, Theodore Andrea (May 1909). The Fourth Olympiad London 1908 Official Report (PDF). London: British Olympic Association. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-09-27. Retrieved 2008-12-29.
- De Wael, Herman (2001). "Athletics 1908". Herman's Full Olympians. Archived from the original on 2006-09-27. Retrieved 2008-12-29.
- Greenberg, Stan (1987). Olympic Games: The Records. London: Guinness Books. ISBN 0-85112-896-3.
- The Story of the Marathon
External links
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